The Philippine Geography, National Territory, And Resources

8/10/2019 The Philippine Geography, National Territory, And Resources

1/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF 7

7AKLZ[PK FIZK\XDNANXXNFK DN\ZIP^, MIUKPFGFLK, GFJ LIF\ZNZ[ZNIF

IUKPUNK] IE ZDK FGZNIFGA ZKPPNZIP^ IE ZDK PKX[@ANL IE ZDK XDNANXXNFK\

Grtnlak N ie tdk 7>4= Xdnanppnfk Lifstntutnifprivnjks eir tdk licpisntnif ie tdk tkrrntiry ie tdk Pkpu`anl ie tdk

Xdnanppnfks. Zdus2

Zdk fgtnifga tkrrntiry licprnsks tdk Xdnanppnfk grldnpkagmi, wntd gaa tdk nsagfjsgfj wgtkrs kc`rglkj tdkrknf, gfj gaa itdkr tkrrntirnks ivkr wdnld tdk Xdnanppnfks

dgs sivkrknmfty ir burnsjnltnif, lifsnstnfm ie nts tkrrkstrnga, eauvnga, gfj gkrnga

jicgnfs, nflaujnfm nts tkrrntirnga skg, tdk skg`kj, tdk su`sina, tdk nfsuagr sdkavks,

gfj itdkr su`cgrnfk grkgs.Zdk wgtkrs griufj, `ktwkkf, gfj liffkltnfm tdk

nsagfjs ie tdk grldnpkagmi, rkmgrjakss ie tdknr `rkgjtd gfj jnckfsnifs, eirc pgrt

ie tdk nftkrfga wgtkrs ie tdk Xdnanppnfks.(Kcpdgsns suppankj.)

Zdk tkrrntirnks livkrkj grk tdisk nftkmrga eric tdk (7) Zrkgty ie Xgrns nf 74>4, (0) Zrkgty ie ]gsdnfmtif ie 7>88

(`ktwkkf tdk [fntkj \tgtks gfj \pgnf), gfj (


2/15



GPLDNXKAGMNL JILZPNFK \NMFNENLGFLK ZI ZDK XDNANXXNFK FGZNIFGA ZKPPNZIP^

Zdk grldnpkagmnl jiltrnfk wgs pripiskj `y Gtty. Grturi C. Ziakftnfi, g stgtkscgf gfj lnvna agw gutdirnty Dk

rkcgnfs ti diaj lrkjnt upif tdk pricuamgtnif ie tdk Grldnpkagmnl Jiltrnfk gs kgray gs 7>;5. Dk wgs tdk ldgnrcgf

ie tdk Xdnanppnfk jkakmgtnif ti tdk [fntkj Fgtnifs Lifekrkflk if tdk Agw ie tdk \kg ([FLAI\) eric 7>=4 ti 7>40.

Zdk liflkpt ir jiltrnfk, iwnfm ti Cr. Ziakftnfi, privnjks tdk ergckwiro ie dypitdktnlga kxtkft prgltnlg`ak

ivkr gfy grldnpkagmis cgrntnck jicgnf gfj ncckjngtk tkrrntirnga `iufjgrnks. Nt privnjks tdgt tdk nfagfj skgs gfj

liftnfkftga sdkavks sdgaa klick nftkmrga pgrts ie tdk sivkrknmf tkrrntirnks ie grldnpk agmnl fgtnif-\tgtks.

Zdk Grldnpkagmnl Jiltrnfk gjdkrks ti tdk tkrrntirnga ir cgrntnck nftkmrgtnifie jnvnjkj nsagfjs ir nsakts nfti ifk

lidksnvk mkimrgpdnlga kftnty.

(Xditi ie tdk Xdnanppnfks, jrgwf wntd `gskanfk jkcgrlgtnifs, `gskj if tdk [FLAI\. Naaustrgtnif

eric G Xrnckr if tdk Agw ie tdk \kg, `y Ckranf C. Cgmgaaifg? Xditi siurlk anfo2

dttp2//www.up.kju.pd/pdnanppnfk-tkrrntiry-gfj-tdk-uf-lifvkftnif-if-tdk-agw-ie-tdk-skg/)

;\uprgfitk


3/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF N`nj.


4/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF :

:AKLZ[PK FIZK\XDNANXXNFK DN\ZIP^, MIUKPFGFLK, GFJ LIF\ZNZ[ZNIF

Zdns zifk ns ifk wdkrk tdk Xdnanppnfks, gs gf grldnpkagmnl stgtk, dgs sivkrknmf rnmdts

eir tdk purpisks ie kxpairnfm gfj kxpaintnfm, lifskrvnfm gfj cgfgmnfm tdk fgturga

rksiurlks, wdktdkr anvnfm ir fif-anvnfm, ie tdk wgtkrs supkrbglkft ti tdk skg`kj gfj ie

tdk skg`kj gfj nts su`sina, gfj wntd rkmgrj ti itdkr gltnvntnks eir tdk klificnl

kxpaintgtnif gfj kxpairgtnif ie tdk zifk, suld gs tdk prijultnif ie kfkrmy eric tdkwgtkr, lurrkfts gfj wnfjs.78

Diwkvkr, nf tdk kxkrlnsk ie nts rnmdts gfj pkreircgflk ie nts jutnks wntdnf tdk

kxlausnvk klificnl zifk, tdk Xdnanppnfks sdgaa dgvk juk rkmgrj ti tdk rnmdts gfj

jutnks ie itdkr \tgtks gfj sdgaa glt nf g cgffkr licpgtn`ak wntd tdk privnsnifs ie tdk

[FLAI\.77

Zdns ckgfs tdgt gs rkmgrjs wntd itdkr liuftrnks ir stgtks, tdky lgf `k kftntakj ti

kfbiy tdk rksiurlks ie suld grkg. Diwkvkr, suld kfbiyckft sdgaa fit nfviavk tdk

kxpaintgtnif, lifskrvgtnif, cgfgmkckft, gfj kxpairgtnif ie gfy ie suld rksiurlks

eiufj tdkrknf.70

Zdk KKR ns gf gjjntnifga kakckft ie tdk Grldnpkagmnl Jiltrnfk nf lifsifgflk wntd tdk

[FLAI\. Gllirjnfm ti Gtty. Ziakftnfi, tdns liflkpt ie tdk KKR privnjks sick uskeua

`kfkents. Zdky grk, gcifm itdkrs, ti wnt2

g. @y vnrtuk ie tdk kxlausnvk klificnl zifk (KKR), tdk Xdnanppnfks cgy kxkrlnsk

iwfkrsdnp ivkr cnfkrgas, ina, gfj anvnfm rksiurlks nf tdk wgtkrs gfj tdk

skg`kj gfj su`sina ie tdk Grldnpkagmi, tdk 088-fgutnlga cnak kxlausnvk

klificnl zifk griufj tdk nsagfjs, gfj tdk liftnfkftga sdkae kvkf `kyifj

088-cnaks eric tdk sdirk.

`.

Zdkrk ns gf nflrkgsk nf tdk fuc`kr ie tkrrntirnga wgtkrs put ufjkr tdk

Xdnanppnfk burnsjnltnif, nflaujnfm tdk KKR, wdnld gciufts ti cirk tdgf fnfkty

tdrkk (>


5/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF ;

;AKLZ[PK FIZK\XDNANXXNFK DN\ZIP^, MIUKPFGFLK, GFJ LIF\ZNZ[ZNIF

NFZKPFGA ]GZKP\Zdky grk tdk ifks rkekrrkj ti gs eauvnga wgtkrs (\kk Grtnlak N ie tdk 7>4= Xdnanppnfk

Lifstntutnif). Zdksk wgtkrs nflaujk gcifm itdkrs agoks gfj rnvkrs, gfj itdkr suld typks ir ìjnks ie

wgtkr wntdnf tdk Xdnanppnfk grldnpkagmi.

ZKPPNZIPNGA ]GZKP\Zdns ns usugaay rkekrrkj ti gs tdk lifvkftnifga cgrntnck `kat ie tdk grldnpkagmi.Zdk Xdnanppnfks dgs nts iwf twkavk (70) fgutnlga cnaks lnrlucslrn`nfm nts grldnpkagmi g jkanfkgtnif tdgt ns

pursugft ti tdk [FLAI\ gmrkkckft.

]GZKP\ NF ZDK KTLA[\NUK KLIFICNL RIFK Zdk ìjnks ie wgtkr wntdnf tdk twi dufjrkj (088)

fgutnlga cnaks eric tdk iutkrcist rnfm ie tdk tkrrntirnga skg, wdnld kxtkfjs tdk Xdnanppnfk \tgtk tdk

kxlausnvk rnmdt ti kxpairk, ti kxpaint, ti lifskrvk gfj ti cgfgmk tdk cgrntnck gfj fgturga rksiurlks.

Ckgfwdnak, tdk si-lgaakj NFZKPFGZNIFGA \KG\grk fit su`bklt gfy burnsjnltnif `y gfy \tgtk. Fifktdkakss, kgld

ie tdk liuftry \tgtks nf tdk wiraj kfbiys gf kquga ippirtufnty ti usk tdk sgck eir tdk gjvgflkckft ie ducgf

nftkrkst eir tdk kfkent ie ducgfonfj.7:

(\iurlk anfo2

dttp2//pkjrioickftgryi-

ogpndgf.àimspit.lic/0870/8:/pd

nanppnfksldnfg-gfj-sldgrìriumd-

sdiga.dtca)

Zdk itdkr cgrntnck jicgnfs

nflaujk tdk eiaaiwnfm2

\KG@KJ Zdns rkekrs ti

tdk agfj ir tdk eaiir ie tdk skg

tdgt diajs tdk ìjy ie wgtkr,

nflaujnfm cnfkrga gfj fgturga

rksiurlks tdkrkie.

\[@\INAZdns ns tdk agfj

ir tdk sina `kfkgtd tdk skg`kj,

wdnld g \tgtk cgy kxpaint ancntay

eir rksiurlks eiufj ufjkrfkgtd

nt.

NF\[AGP \DKAUK\ /

LIFZNFKFZGA \DKAUK\Nt ns jkenfkj gs tdisk tdgt nflaujk tdk su`ckrmkj pirtnifs ie g liftnfkft ir

ieesdirk nsagfj, wdnld saipk mkftay skgwgrj eric tdk aiw wgtkranfk ti g pinft wdkrk g su`stgftnga `rkgo

7:\uprgfitk 7


6/15



nf tdk mrgjk illurs, gt wdnld pinft tdk ìttic saipks skgwgrj gt g lifsnjkrgàk nflrkgsk nf saipk, uftna

tdk mrkgt ilkgf jkptds grk rkgldkj. (Xakgsk rkekr ti tdk jngmrgc nf tdk aket eir naaustrgtnif.)7;

Zdk licpisntnif ie tdk Xdnanppnfk Fgtnifga Zkrrntiry ns privnjkj eir ufjkr Grtnlak N ie tdk 7>4= Lifstntutnif ie tdk

Pkpuànl ie tdk Xdnanppnfks. Diwkvkr, tdk Xdnanppnfk Lifstntutnif, `knfm ckrkay g cufnlnpga agw, cgy fit `nfj

itdkr nftkrfgtnifga stgtks gfj fgtnifs pursugft ti tdk prnflnpaks ie nftkrfgtnifga agw. Lifskqukftay, nt ns fitkfiumd tdgt tdk Xdnanppnfks diaj nts iwf lagncs ivkr tdk tkrrntirnks, wdnld nt gsskrts gs `kaifmnfm ufjkr nts

sivkrknmf piwkr ir burnsjnltnif. Zdkrk cust `k g liflrktk gfj lrystgaanzkj prnflnpak ie nftkrfgtnifga agw ti

strkfmtdkf suld lagncs.75

Dkflk, tdk rgtnifgak eir tdk pripisntnif ie tdk grldnpkagmnl jiltrnfk, wdnld wgs kvkftugaay gjiptkj `y tdk [F

ckc`kr stgtks nf tdk 7>40 [FLAI\ Gmrkkckft, ns ti nfviok tdk Xdnanppnfks tkrrntirnga burnsjnltnif, gs wkaa gs

pritklt tdk cgrntnck nftkmrnty ie tdk Xdnanppnfk \tgtk.

XG\\GMK\ ZDPI[MD GPLDNXKAGMNL ]GZKP\ IP AGFK\

Gllirjnfm ti Grtnlak 74ie tdk [fntkj Fgtnifs Lifvkftnif if tdk Agw ie tdk \kg, pgssgmk ns ifk wdnld2

7. Ckgfs fgvnmgtniftdriumd tdk tkrrntirnga skg eir tdk purpisk ie2 (g) trgvkrsnfm tdgt skg wntdiut

kftkrnfm nftkrfga wgtkrs ir lgaanfm gt g rigjstkgj ir pirt eglnanty iutsnjk nftkrfga wgtkrs? ir (`)

prilkkjnfm ti ir eric nftkrfga wgtkrs ir g lgaa gt suld rigjstkgj ir pirt eglnanty.

0. Xgssgmk sdgaa `k liftnfuius gfj kxpkjntnius. Diwkvkr, pgssgmk nflaujks stippnfm gfj

gfldirnfm, ùt ifay nf si egr gs tdk sgck grk nflnjkftga ti irjnfgry fgvnmgtnif ir grk rkfjkrkj

fklkssgry `y eirlk cgbkurk ir jnstrkss ir eir tdk purpisk ie rkfjkrnfm gssnstgflk ti pkrsifs,

sdnps ir gnrlrget nf jgfmkr ir jnstrkss.

Zdk [FALI\ gmrkkckft, wdnld wgs rgtnenkj `y tdk Xdnanppnfk @gtgs Xgc`gfsg (tdkf kqunvgakft ie tdk lurrkft

Xdnanppnfk Lifmrkss), ckftnifs gìut tdk rkmnck ie grldnpkagmnl skg agfks pgssgmk. Zdns rkmnck gaaiws trgvkrsk ie

eirknmf sdnps tdriumd tdk Xdnanppnfksgrldnpkagmnl wgtkrs.

Zdk grldnpkagmnl skg agfks pgssgmkns jkenfkj gfj kxpagnfkj `y tdk [FLAI\ gs2

Gf kxkrlnsk xxx ie tdk rnmdts ie fgvnmgtnif gfj ivkr-eanmdt nf tdk fircga cijk siakay eir tdk purpisk

ie liftnfuius, kxpkjntnius gfj ufi`strultkj trgfsnt `ktwkkf ifk pgrt ie tdk dnmd skgs ir gf

kxlausnvk klificnl zifk gfj gfitdkr pgrt ie tdk dnmd skgs ir gf kxlausnvk klificnl zifk.?

\uld skg agfks gfj gnr riutks sdgaa trgvkrsk tdk grldnpkagmnl wgtkrs gfj tdk gjbglkft tkrrntirnga skg

gfj sdgaa nflaujk gaa fircga pgssgmk riutks uskj gs riutks eir nftkrfgtnifga fgvnmgtnif ir ivkr-eanmdt

tdriumd ir ivkr grldnpkagmnl wgtkrs gfj, wntdnf suld riutks, si egr gs sdnps grk liflkrfkj, gaa fircga

7;Xdnanppnfk Mivkrfgflk gfj tdk 7>4= Lifstntutnif (Agzi), pgmk 5:

75\uprgfitk 5


7/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF =

=AKLZ[PK FIZK\XDNANXXNFK DN\ZIP^, MIUKPFGFLK, GFJ LIF\ZNZ[ZNIF

fgvnmgtnifga ldgffkas, privnjkj tdgt jupanlgtnif ie riutks ie sncnagr lifvkfnkflk `ktwkkf tdk sgck

kftry gfj kxnt pinfts sdgaa fit `k fklkssgry.

Ifk tdgt sdgaa fit nf itdkr rkspklts geeklt tdk stgtus ie tdk grldnpkagmnl wgtkrs, nflaujnfm tdk skg

agfks, ir tdk kxkrlnsk `y tdk grldnpkagmnl \tgtk ie nts sivkrknmfty ivkr suld wgtkrs gfj tdknr gnr spglk,

`kj gfj su`sina, gfj tdk rksiurlks liftgnfkj tdkrknf7=

If tdk itdkr dgfj, tdk rnmdt ie nffilkft pgssgmk ns ifk wdnld ns fit prkbujnlnga ti tdk pkglk, miij irjkr, ir

sklurnty ie tdk ligstga \tgtk, gfj lifeircs ti tdk privnsnifs ie [FALI\ gfj itdkr prnflnpaks ie nftkrfgtnifga

agw.74

Nf si egr gs grldnpkagmnl stgtks, suld gs tdk Xdnanppnfks, grk liflkrfkj, tdk rnmdt ie nffilkft pgssgmk cgy `k

kxkrlnskj `y sdnps ie gaa stgtks, su`bklt ti tdk rkmuagtnifs privnjkj eir `y tdk [FLAI\ gmrkkckft gfj/ir

rkakvgft prnflnpaks ie nftkrfgtnifga agw.

G. XPIDN@NZKJ GLZ\ J[PNFM NFFILKFZ XG\\GMK

Gs privnjkj eir `y tdk [FALI\, tdk pgssgmk ie g eirknmf sdnp sdgaa `k lifsnjkrkj ti `k prkbujnlnga ti tdk

pkglk, miij irjkr ir sklurnty ie tdk ligstga \tgtk dkflk, pridn`ntkj - ne nf tdk tkrrntirnga skgnt kfmgmks nf

gfy ie tdk eiaaiwnfm gltnvntnks2

gfy tdrkgt ir usk ie eirlk gmgnfst tdk sivkrknmfty, tkrrntirnga nftkmrnty ir piantnlga nfjkpkfjkflk ie

tdk ligstga \tgtk, ir nf gfy itdkr cgffkr nf vniagtnif ie tdk prnflnpaks ie nftkrfgtnifga agw

kcìjnkj nf tdk Ldgrtkr ie tdk [fntkj Fgtnifs?

gfy kxkrlnsk ir prgltnlk wntd wkgpifs ie gfy onfj?

gfy glt gnckj gt liaakltnfm nfeircgtnif ti tdk prkbujnlk ie tdk jkekflk ir sklurnty ie tdk ligstga

\tgtk?

gfy glt ie pripgmgfjg gnckj gt geekltnfm tdk jkekflk ir sklurnty ie tdk ligstga \tgtk?

tdk agufldnfm, agfjnfm ir tgonfm if ìgrj ie gfy gnrlrget?

tdk agufldnfm, agfjnfm ir tgonfm if ìgrj ie gfy cnantgry jkvnlk?

tdk aigjnfm ir ufaigjnfm ie gfy liccijnty, lurrkfly ir pkrsif liftrgry ti tdk lustics, enslga,

nccnmrgtnif ir sgfntgry agws gfj rkmuagtnifs ie tdk ligstga \tgtk?

gfy glt ie wnaeua gfj skrnius piaautnif liftrgry ti tdns Lifvkftnif?

gfy ensdnfm gltnvntnks?

tdk lgrrynfm iut ie rkskgrld ir survky gltnvntnks?

gfy glt gnckj gt nftkrekrnfm wntd gfy systkcs ie liccufnlgtnif ir gfy itdkr eglnantnks ir

nfstgaagtnifs ie tdk ligstga \tgtk?

7=Aklturkrs fitk2 Fitwntdstgfjnfm tdns privnsnif, tdk [FLAI\privnjks tdgt suld skg agfks gfj trgeenl skpgrgtnif sldkcks

sdgaa lifeirc ti mkfkrgaay gllkptkj nftkrfgtnifga rkmuagtnifs. Zdk rkqunsntk ie lifeircnty dgs tdk keeklt ie nfernfmnfm

ti sick kxtkfttdk kxlausnvk burnsjnltnif gfj kxkrlnsk ie sivkrknmf piwkr ie tdk Xdnanppnfk stgtk ivkr sgnj skg agfks, wdnld

gppgrkftay grk wntdnf tdk gc`nt gfj livkrgmk ie nts fgtnifga tkrrntiry nf mkfkrga, gfj cgrntnck jicnfnif nf pgrtnluagr. (\kk

rkpirt if Xriekssir Cgmgaaifgs lrntnlsncs ie tdk Grldnpkagmnl Jiltrnfk nf tdk sullkkjnfm jnslussnifs.)

74[FLAI\


8/15



gfy itdkr gltnvnty fit dgvnfm g jnrklt `kgrnfm if pgssgmk.

IZDKP ZKPPNZIPNK\ IE ZDK XDNANXXNFK GPLDNXKAGMI / \ZGZK

Gs kfuckrgtkj y Agzi, nf dns iio kftntakj Xdnanppnfk Mivkrfgflk gfj tdk 7>4= Lifstntutnif2

7. Xursugft ti tdk Zrkgty ie Xgrns if Jklkc`kr 78, 74>4, gaa tdisk tkrrntirnks lkjkj ir trgfsekrrkj `y \pgnf

ti tdk [fntkj \tgtks ie Gckrnlg ([\G)?

0. @y vnrtuk ie tdk Zrkgty ie ]gsdnfmtif snmfkj if Fivkc`kr =, 7>88, tdisk nsagfjs ie Lgmgygf, \uau, gfj

\n`iti, gs lkjkj tdkrk`y gmgnf `y tdk \pgnf ti tdk [\G?

4= Xdnanppnfk Lifstntutnif, dgj nts `gsks eric tdk trkgtnsks `ktwkkf [fntkj \tgtks ie Gckrnlg ([\G)

gfj \pgnf, gs wkaa gs tdk trkgty `ktwkkf [\G gfj @rntgnf. Gllirjnfmay, gfj gs gsskrtkj `y Cgmgaaifg, tdk slipk ie

tdk Xdnanppnfk tkrrntiry skt eirtd `y tdksk trkgtnsks wkrk gltugaay kc`ijnkj `y tdk 7>


9/15

LIF\IANJGZKJ @^2 | ZNFG \N[GMGF >

>AKLZ[PK FIZK\XDNANXXNFK DN\ZIP^, MIUKPFGFLK, GFJ LIF\ZNZ[ZNIF

(tdk `gsns ie Xdnanppnfk nfjkpkfjkflk) gs jktkrcnfnfm nf prgltnlk tdk slipk ie nts sivkrknmfty gfj burnsjnltnif.

(Kcpdgsns suppankj.)

Gtty. Cgmgaaifg qukstnifkj tdk priprnkty ie tdk kancnfgtnif ie tdk aifm-skttakj `iufjgrnks skt `y vnrtuk ie tdk

geirksgnj trkgtnsks tdriumd tdk rgtnenlgtnif ie tdk Xdnanppnfks ie tdk [FLAI\ gmrkkckft jurnfm tdk Cgrlis

rkmnck. Zdns, gllirjnfm ti Cgmgaaifg, ns nf uttkr jnsrkmgrj ie tdk Lifstntutnif.7>

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

7>Zi rkgj cirk g`iut Gtty. Cgmgaaifgs lrntnquk ie tdk [FLAI\ gfj tdk grldnpkagmnl jiltrnfk, lanlo if tdk siurlk anfo

privnjkj eir nf tdk grldnpkagmnl/`gskanfk jiltrnfk pditi lgptnif.


10/15



PK\I[PLK\ IE ZDK PKX[@ANL IE ZDK XDNANXXNFK\

JN\LAGNCKP2Zdns pgrt ie tdk aklturk gnj ns g liaakltnif ie tkxts irnmnfgtnfm eric vgrnius cgtkrngas gfj/ir siurlks

ifanfk. Jnrklt siurlk anfos eir kgld sdgaa kntdkr `k lntkj kxprkssay wntdnf tdk eiaaiwnfm pgrgmrgpds ir eiitfitkj.

@k munjkj gllirjnfmay.

ZKPPK\ZPNGA \ZP[LZ[PK\ GFJ PK\I[PLK\08

Zdk agfjslgpk ie tdk Xdnanppnfks ns sdgpkj y nts ciuftgnfs gfj vialgfiks.

G. CI[FZGNF\ / CI[FZGNF PGFMK\

Nf Auzif, tdkrk grk envk cgbir ciuftgnf rgfmks, fgckay2 Lgrg`gaai, Lirjnaakrg, \nkrrg Cgjrk,

Rgc`gaks gfj Zgmgytgy. Zdk Lgrg`gaai gfj Lirjnaakrg ciuftgnf rgfmks grk eiufj nf tdk firtdkrf

pirtnif ie Auzif wdnak tdk \nkrrg Cgjrk ciuftgnf rgfmk ns ailgtkj nf tdk wkst-firtd pirtnif ie

Auzif (Wukzif, Gurirg, Fukvg Unzlgyg, Lgmgygf privnflks). Zdk Rgc`gaks rgfmk ns sntugtkj nf tdkprivnflks ie Rgc`gaks gfj @gtggf wdnak tdk Zgmgytgy rgfmk ns sntugtkj nf tdk siutdkrf Zgmgaim

privnflks ie Lgvntk gfj @gtgfmgs.

Nf tdk nsagfj ie Cnfjgfgi, tdkrk grk eiur cgbir ciuftgnf rgfmks, fgckay2 \urnmgi, @utugf,

Lkftrga-]kstkrf gfj ]kstkrf. Zdk dnmdkst ciuftgnf, Ct Gpi (>,5>0 ekkt), ns ailgtkj nf tdk

lkftrga-wkstkrf rgfmk.

@. UIALGFNL \ZP[LZ[PK\

Gltnvk vialgfiks lgf k eiufj nf tdk vgrnius rkmnifs ie tdk liuftry. Gcifm tdksk vialgfiks, Ct.

Xnfgtu`i, Zgga vialgfi gfj Ct. Cgyif dgvk prijulkj tdk cist jkstrultnvk kruptnifs. Zdk

kruptnif ie Ct. Xnfgtu`i nf 7>>8 urnkj tiwfs, onaakj jizkfs ie pkipak, gfj rkfjkrkj tkfs ie

tdiusgfjs ie pkipak dickakss. Zdk kruptnif ie Zgga vialgfi nf 7>77 onaakj cirk tdgf 7,55 urnkj snx `grrnis gfj onaakj dufjrkjs ie pkipak. If tdk itdkr

dgfj, tdksk vialgfiks dgvk cgjk tdk agfj vkry ekrtnak, gfj tdk prijulk ie tdk agfj, diwkvkr

nfgjkqugtk jurnfm lkrtgnf pkrnijs ie tnck, dgs sustgnfkj tdk Enanpnfi pkipak tdriumdiut nts

dnstiry.

L. LPIX\ GFJ IZDKP AGFJ XPIJ[LK

Zdk Xdnanppnfks ns licprnskj ie ekrtnak agfj tdgt prijulks g vgrnkty ie lrips suld gs lilifut,

liprg, `gfgfg, pnfkgppaks, sumgr, muc, rksnfs gfj ru``kr. \ick ie tdksk gmrnluaturga lrips grk

rgnskj eir kxpirt.

08dttp2//pdnanppnfks-gt`p.bncji.lic/mkimrgpdy-rksiurlks/


11/15



Pnlk, wdnld ns tdk stgpak eiij ie Enanpnfis, ns prijulkj, agrmkay, nf tdk Lkftrga Xagnfs ie Auzif. Pnlk

prijultnif ietkf egaas sdirt ie lifsucptnif rkqunrkckft, gfj quntk nrifnlgaay, tdk Xdnanppnfks ns g

rnlk ncpirtkr.

Xagft gfj gfncga anek ns kxtrkckay jnvkrsk, gfj cgfy pagfts gfj gfncgas grk kfjkcnl ti tdk

Xdnanppnfks, wdnld ckgfs tdky lgf `k eiufj ifay nf tdns liuftry. Zdk Xdnanppnfks diajs tdkjnstnfltnif ifk ie tdk skvkftkkf liuftrnks wdisk lic`nfkj pagft gfj gfncga spklnks glliuft eir

=8-48% ie tdk wiraj's `niaimnlga jnvkrsnty.

Zdk Xdnanppnfks dgs gpprixncgtkay ;0,7== spklnks ie eairg gfj egufg.

Eric gcifm tdksk anvnfm tdnfms, gf kstncgtkj 7:,888 pagft spklnks gfj 7,7> pagfts grk njkftnenkj gs lrntnlgaay kfjgfmkrkj spklnks, 74= grk lagssnenkj gs kfjgfmkrkj,

7=5 grk anstkj gs vuafkrg`ak gfj 5: pagfts grk lifsnjkrkj gs tdrkgtkfkj spklnks.

07N`nj.


12/15



Gasi, gpprixncgtkay 7,7


13/15


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