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The Planting of English America Chapter 2. Background. Three European powers had outposts on the North American continent: Spanish at Santa Fe (1610) French at Quebec (1608) English at Jamestown, Virgina (1607). England’s Sea Victory. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Planting of English America
Chapter 2
Background
• Three European powers had outposts on the North American continent:– Spanish at Santa Fe (1610)– French at Quebec (1608)– English at Jamestown, Virgina (1607)
England’s Sea Victory• 1588: Philip II of Spain invades England with
Spanish Armada.• England had faster and more maneuverable
boats. • England’s sea victory against the Spanish
helped ensure England’s naval dominance in the North Atlantic (Master of the Seas)
• English victory gave strong sense of nationalism.
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling• 1606 – Joint-stock company called the
Virginia Company of London provided the financial means to support a settlement-Charter stated that the members could
bring Christianity to the natives, explore for precious metals, trade with the natives, and to look for the Northwest Passage.
-Guaranteed the settlers the same rights of Englishman.
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling (Real reason: Economic gain)
• Owners advertised to those seeking adventure. Three ships sailed-all men.
• Real Reason: Economic gain – promise of gold and Northwest passage for trade.
1607 – Jamestown settlement along the James River. Established in present-day Virginia.
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Fort, Jamestown Fort, 16091609
Jamestown Fort, Jamestown Fort, 16091609
Jamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlementJamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlement
Jamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlementJamestown Jamestown SettlementSettlement
Jamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown HousingJamestown Housing
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
Jamestown Chapel, Jamestown Chapel, 16111611
English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660
Head Right SystemHead Right System
Problems at Jamestown• Gentlemen: Only 12 were skilled laborers• Wasted time looking for gold• Didn’t plant crops which resulted in a food
shortage led to “The Starving Time” – Winter of 1609-1610. Many died from starvation.
• Caught malaria – swampy location• 2/3rds died• Weather• Only men• Lack of leadership
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
• Poor relationship with local tribes because Europeans considered Indians to be heathens who were inferior beings
Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy
PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village
PowhatanPowhatanIndian VillageIndian Village
Native American Population Native American Population in North Americain North America
Native American Population Native American Population in North Americain North America
1622 Indian1622 IndianUprisingsUprisings
1622 Indian1622 IndianUprisingsUprisings
Jamestown Saved from Collapse
Solutions of Jamestown:• Captain John Smith became leader• “He who shall not work shall not eat.”• Developed good relationship with Powhatan
as mentioned in his journal entitled The Generall Historie of Virginia
Captain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John Smith
Who is Pocahontas?
The Pocahontas Connection
• Saved Captain John Smith (story might be a myth)
• She was kidnapped, held as ransom in exchange for English prisoners
• Converted to Christianity, renamed “Rebecca”• While a hostage she Married John Rolfe• Sailed to England• Went to the Banqueting Hall where she met
Queen Anne, wife of James I
John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
Banqueting Hall
PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas
Pocahontas boards a ship for Virginia
• On her way back to Virginia she boards a ship and dies of smallpox.
• St. George’s Church in Gravesend, England.
Jamestown Jamestown Colonization Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
Jamestown Jamestown Colonization Colonization Pattern:Pattern:1620-16601620-1660
Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco
16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
Virginia: Child of Tobacco• John Rolfe developed a cash crop – tobacco• Tobacco is marketable within one year. It takes simple
processing.• Promoted the plantation system with its need for laborers.• 1619 – A Dutch warship landed and sold about 20 Africans
as slaves. • This planted the seeds of the North American slave system.• Influx of supplies, slaves, and women from England• Poor women agreed to be auctioned in marriage for $80 of
tobacco once they arrived at Jamestown = “Tobacco Brides”
Tobacco
• Tobacco requiredmore land so Chesapeakeregion expanded faster than NewEngland in the north
Establishment of a Mini Parliament• 1619: The London Company authorized the settlers to
establish the House of Burgesses. The Virginia House of Burgesses establishes a form of representative self government (miniature parliament)
• Colonists could own private property• 1624: James I revoked the charter making Virginia a
royal colony under his control.
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
Why was Why was 16191619 a a pivotal year for the pivotal year for the
Jamestown Jamestown settlement?settlement?
(Possible FRQ)(Possible FRQ)
Why was Why was 16191619 a a pivotal year for the pivotal year for the
Jamestown Jamestown settlement?settlement?
(Possible FRQ)(Possible FRQ)
17c Population in the Chesapeake17c Population in the Chesapeake
Population of Population of Chesapeake Colonies: Chesapeake Colonies:
1610-1750 1610-1750
Population of Population of Chesapeake Colonies: Chesapeake Colonies:
1610-1750 1610-1750
Colonization Colonization
of Virginiaof Virginia
And MarylandAnd Maryland
Colonization Colonization
of Virginiaof Virginia
And MarylandAnd Maryland
Maryland: Catholic Haven• 1634: Maryland established as the fourth
English Colony.• 2nd Lord Baltimore = Cecil Calvert (son of
George Calvert)• Proprietary Colony (Had an owner)• Religious tolerance - Refuge for Catholics• Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 was the
earliest colonial law related to religious freedom for all Christians which helped protect Catholics.
• Planted tobacco as a cash crop.
George Calvert, George Calvert, Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore
George Calvert, George Calvert, Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore
The West Indies (Carribean): Way Station to Mainland America
• Barbados set the stage for statutes governing slaves in North America. The “code” defined slaves’ legal status and owner’s control.
• Major crop: Sugar cane – First, clearing of land; then, needed to be planted extensively; finally, elaborate process to refine.
• Thus a large # of laborers needed.• Slavery became a cheap labor force which
wouldn’t rebel.
Settling the Lower SouthSettling the Lower SouthSettling the Lower SouthSettling the Lower South
Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC
Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC
The only southern port The only southern port city.city.
The only southern port The only southern port city.city.
Southern Colonies added…• Eight nobles (the Lord’s Proprietors) were granted
a colony by Charles II.• 1670: The Carolinas were formed with Charles
Town as the capital.• 1712: the Carolinas were separated and became
North and South Carolina.• Also known as “The Restoration Colonies”
– Colonization was interrupted by the Civil War in England in the 1640’s, therefore, the time period after the war when Charles II was restored to the throne was called the Restoration Period) you member from last year.
Colonizing the Carolinas
• Many of these original settlers had come from Barbados and brought the slave system with them.
• Indian slave trading also occurred.• Exported rice, Indian slaves to West Indies
(Carribean) and New England. • Also exported wine, silk, and olive oil.
Crops of the Crops of the CarolinasCarolinas
Crops of the Crops of the CarolinasCarolinas
IndigoIndigoIndigoIndigo
RiceRiceRiceRice
Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-
17751775
Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-
17751775
Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony
• James Oglethorpe established in 1733.• Provided a refuge for people who couldn’t pay
their debt (what they owe).• Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and
the Carolinas (and the French in Louisiana)• Silk and wine• The last of the 13 colonies to be established.
James Oglethorpe made friends with the Creek Indians
League of the Iroquois
Iroquois Lands & Iroquois Lands & European Trade European Trade
CentersCenters
Iroquois Lands & Iroquois Lands & European Trade European Trade
CentersCenters
The Iroquois• Were the only Native Americans who were able
to unite and become strong enough to resist the English colonists successfully
• Known as the League of the Iroquois or the Iroquois Confederacy.
• Made up of five Native American nations: Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk. (1772 Tuscarora)
• Lived in Longhouses.• The five nations remained relatively
independent of one another.