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The Planting of English America. 1500 - 1733. Christopher Columbus. Arrived North America in 1492 Sailed for Spain – Queen Isabella Actually arrived in Caribbean Only 10% of native population survived the next 100 years From Florida south, Spain controlled. “Sea Dogs”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Planting of English America
1500 - 1733
Christopher Columbus
Arrived North America in 1492Sailed for Spain – Queen Isabella
Actually arrived in Caribbean
Only 10% of native population survived the next 100 years
From Florida south, Spain controlled
“Sea Dogs”
Francis Drake knighted by Queen Elizabeth for plundering Spanish ships
Resulted in problems for Spain and England
Failed Attempts1583-- First attempt of British colonization failed in Newfoundland
1585 – Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke Island
Settlers landed on Roanoke Island, NC settlement VANSIHED!
Spain is Defeated1588- Defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
1604– Treaty of Peace between England and Spain
Early 1600’s – Factors which led to
English colonization Population increase (enclosing of land)
Economic depression
Primogeniture
Joint Stock Company
Religious Persecution
Peace with Spain
Virginia Company 1607
Purpose: seeking gold, conversion of Indians, & passage to the Indies
Received charter from King James I to settle in the New World
guaranteed settlers the rights of Englishmen
Jamestown settled
Virginia Colony
Saved from collapse by:John Smith – Work = Food
starving time
Colonists tried to leave but were turned back by Lord De La Warr
1625 - 1200 out of the 8000 were left
Powhatan
Chief Powhatan – dominated natives in the James River area
Problems arose - colonists started raided Indian food supplies
Lord De La Warr attacked IndiansFirst Anglo-Powhatan War-1614
Second Anglo-Powhatan War - 1644
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
John Rolfe - Saved the colony
• perfected tobacco
Tyranny of “King Nicotine”• Drained the soil & prices fluctuated
African Slaves1619 - African Slaves – Dutch warship sold 20 Black Africans to Jamestown
Representative AssemblyHouse of Burgesses organized in 1619
1st of its kind in the colonies
Upset King James I made Virginia a royal colony
Maryland
1634 – Founded by Lord Baltimoreproprietary colony
Tobacco economy based on white indentured servants
Maryland
A refuge for persecuted Catholics
1649 – Maryland Act of Toleration:Guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians – not Jews or atheists
The West Indies1655 - England claimed Jamaica
Economy based on sugar
Slaves outnumbered white settlers
Depended on North America mainland for food & other supplies
King Charles II1649 - Charles I beheaded
Oliver Cromwell takes over
1660- Charles II restored to the English throne after Cromwell’s 10 year rule
The Carolinas
1670 – settled by 8 lord proprietorsProspered by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies
The Carolinas
Early exports - Indian slaves & rice
Rice cultivation led to import of Africans slaves
Slaves were immune to malaria (but susceptible to sickle cell anemia)
Charles Town - busiest seaport in the south
The Split1712 – “Squatters” from Virginia moved to North Carolina
Great resistance to authority & aristocracy
North Carolina was officially separated from South Carolina
Both became royal colonies
Georgia
1733 – Founded by James Oglethorpe haven for debtors
buffer against Spanish Florida & the French in Louisiana
Only colony to receive subsidies from British gov’t
Restrictions on black slavery after 1750
Common Characteristics of the Southern Colonies
Plantation economy
Profitable staple crops like tobacco & rice
Slavery
Large acreage in the hands of a favored few
“Soil Butchery” led to expansion westward
Establishment of churches & schools difficult
Some religious toleration
Tax-supported church of England dominate