The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Introduction of

I LDJ R

12-071

The Preparatory Survey on

the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation System

in Georgia

FINAL REPORT

MARCH 2012

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.

MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA THE GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA

The Preparatory Survey on

the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation System

in Georgia

FINAL REPORT

MARCH 2012

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.

MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA THE GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

1. Outline of the Country

Georgia is located at the north end of Western Asia and east of the Black Sea. Georgia is bordered

on the north by Russia, on the south by Turkey and Armenia and on the east by Azerbaijan. With

these geographical features, Georgia has played a significant role in transportation between

Europe and Asia in the past. Georgia has 69.7 thousand km2 of area and 4.2 million of population.

Georgia is one of the former USSR countries and attained independence in 1991. The capital city

of Georgia is Tbilisi.

Georgia has two different climates, one west and the other east of Surami Mountain, which is in

the middle of the country. The west side is a subtropical area. With the Black Sea on its west, the

area is blessed with rainfall and fertile land. Throughout the year the area is relatively warm,

daytime temperature usually reaches 30 degrees Celsius in summer and 10-15 degrees Celsius in

winter. Whereas, the east side, where the capital city of Tbilisi is located, is dry and categorized as

a continental climate. The temperature depends on the elevation. Daytime temperature reaches

30-35 degrees Celsius in summer and average hours of sunshine is more than eight hours a day

from June to August. Whereas, daytime temperature is usually 0-10 degrees Celsius in winter but

can reach -10 degrees Celsius at night. Total annual period of daylight in Georgia is more than

2,000 hours and that of Tokyo is 1,800-1,900 hours. The northern mountainous parts are relatively

cool and it snows occasionally.

Its population of 4.2 million is composed of Georgian (83.8%), Azerbaijanian (6.5%), Armenian

(5.7%), Russian (1.5%) and Ossetian (0.9%). The capital city of Tbilisi has a population of

approximately 1.2 million people.

GDP of Georgia is 10.7 billion US dollars and GDP per capita is 2,450.3 US dollars. Inflation rate

was 10% in 2008 but stopped its rapid increase and recorded 1.7% in 2009. Recently the economy

of Georgia has been experiencing contraction because of the armed conflicts with Russia in

August 2008 and recent economic crisis. Georgia has exported and imported power to/from

neighboring countries. Georgia has particularly turned to import it from Turkey in winter.

2. Background and Outline of the Project

In terms of both energy policy and security guarantees, energy sector reform has been an

important task in Georgia. That is due to a growing need for commitment to international

standards and its situation such that Georgia has to turn to neighboring countries for almost all of

the fuel for thermal power generation. In fact, there was a temporary stop of natural gas supply

due to pipe line damage in 2006. In response to this accident, Georgia has made and declared its

plan for energy independence.

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Recognizing the physical, human, and social disasters brought by ecosystem destruction and

meteorological disasters due to climate change, Georgia sees climate change as one of its top

priority agendas. Georgia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and Kyoto Protocol as one of the Non-Annex I countries in 1999.

Later it established the National Research Center to start policies on the climate change in 1996.

In January, 2003, the National Agency on Climate Change (NACC）which belonged to the

Ministry of Environment of Georgia was designated as a Designated National Authority (DNA)

of Georgia which handles clean development mechanism (CDM). Then the Ministry of

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia (currently the Ministry of

Environmental Protection of Georgia) became a new DNA in January 2005.

In terms of climate change, it is intended to elaborate a National Adaptation Plan of Action

(NAPA), which was formulated in 2009. In the plan were held up three policies of 1) Taking

effort against climate change, 2) Utilizing CDM scheme and 3) Improvement of public awareness

to the climate change. As for the energy section, it’s aimed to pursue utilizing renewable

energies (hydro power, wind power, solar power, geothermal power and biomass).

Japan has established a new financial mechanism of “Cool Earth Partnership” in order to help

developing countries both in reduction of green house gases and economic development. As a

part of this mechanism, Grant Aid for the Environment Program was introduced to provide

financial support and capacity development.

With this background, the purpose of this project is to introduce a grid connected PV system. In

addition, related equipment and materials will be procured and technical assistance for the

operation and maintenance will be provided.

3. Study Results and Project Contents

Four candidate sites were initially requested as installation locations of the PV system by Georgia.

Each candidate site and the purpose of electric power are as follows.

Requested candidate site (initial)

Priority Level

Candidate Site Name Generation Capacity

Installation Location & Area Use of Generated Power

1 Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

Approx. 177kW

Roof, walls, and entrance area (Approx. 4,700 sq m)

Ministry building

2 Tsuerovani refugee camp Approx. 777kW

Unoccupied land in the camp (Approx. 22,500 sq m)

Houses and facilities in the camp

3 Ilia State University Approx. 70kW Unoccupied land in the

university campus (Approx. 2,350 sq m)

University campus

4 Tbilisi No. 199 school Approx. 60kW Schoolhouse roof top (Approx. 2,100 sq m)

School premises including dormitory

The site selection was implemented according to the following six criteria.

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Security of the facilities

Sustainability of the facilities

Grid connectivity

Capability of operation and maintenance for the PV system

Sun shadow effect

Showcase effect of the PV system

Comprehensive evaluation of each location according to the criteria, are as follows.

(1) Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

Since the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources (hereafter referred to as

“MoEPNR”) is in charge of acting as contact Ministry concerning the Clean Development

Mechanism (CDM) as of 2009 and promoting clean energy, it’s expected that introduction of the

PV system to MoEPNR would be appealing to the public. Also due to a main road and traffic

in front of MoEPNR, the PV system will be seen by a large number of people, which is what we

call the showcase effect. At MoEPNR, sustainability of the facilities and interconnectivity are

ensured. In addition, capability of operation and maintenance can also be provided by

technical assistance (soft component). However, the deterioration of the ministry building has

to be taken into account in selecting an installation site. Furthermore, due to shadow which

would be cast by surrounding buildings, it’s estimated that generation efficiency would be lower

than the other candidate sites.

(2) Tserovani Refugee Camp

Even though the installation site will not be affected by shadow, and it can be ensured that

enough generation capacity and interconnection will be easy, the site is located away from the

highway and showcase effect is expected to be low. Furthermore, there are also problems in

continuity, safety, and operation and maintenance, which are intrinsic to refugee camps.

(3) Ilia State University

Appealing to and enlightening of the students regarding the PV systems is expected as well as a

showcase effect because of the installation location facing the main road. As the installation

site is located in the university campus, facility safety, continuity and interconnectivity are

assured. There will be no problems in operation and maintenance if technical assistance (soft

component) is provided.

(4) Tbilisi No.199 School

Appealing to and enlightening of the students regarding the PV system can be expected but the

schoolhouse is too old to be safe for installing the equipment unless a great deal of repairing is

carried out. There is some concern about the capability for operation and maintenance.

As a result of discussions between Georgia and Japan, MoEPNR and Ilia State University were

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selected as candidate sites. The reasons are: Tserovani Refugee Camp has problems in continuity

and safety and Tbilisi No.199 School does not have enough space for the installation.

Despite what was described above, MoEPNR was removed from the list of candidate sites since

the Georgian government restructured its government ministries and agencies in February 2011,

and an additional candidate site of Tbilisi International Airport (hereinafter referred to as TIA)

was added as shown below.

Requested candidate site (Additional)

Candidate Site Name Power Generation Capacity Installation Location & Area Use of Generated Power

Tbilisi International Airport

Approx. 200kW In the Parking Space (Approx. 4,100sq m)

Terminal building

Comprehensive evaluation of TIA according to the criteria is as follow.

(5) TIA

TIA is the largest airport in Georgia and a gateway for more than 820,000 tourists a year. It’s

expected that introduction of the PV system to the airport would be appealing to the public and

promote clean energy. The PV system will be installed in front of the terminal building, the

system is expected to be seen by a large number of people. At the Airport, sustainability of the

facilities and interconnectivity are ensured as well as capability of operation and maintenance

by existing technical staff for operation and maintenance. In addition, operation and

maintenance will be enhanced by technical assistance (soft component). However, the

installation space for the PV system is limited to the green zone in the Parking area because it is

impossible to decrease Parking space. Furthermore, influence of the existing facilities has to

be studied in the construction work.

As a result of a comprehensive consideration, TIA and Ilia State University were chosen as

project sites of this project.

The responsible agency for the project is the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development

of Georgia. The implementing agencies are United Airports Georgia (hereinafter referred to as

UAG) and Ilia State University respectively at TIA and Ilia State University. Tbilisi Electricity

Network (TELASI) will take charge of the practical and technical parts of the project including

authorization for power receiving and distribution, technical support and coordination. Georgia

has no precedents in reverse power flow, power selling or setting up related regulations or

institutions. Therefore, the PV system without reverse power flow is proposed, however, Georgia

plans to conduct reverse power flow by itself in the future when appropriate regulations and

institutions are set up. Therefore, equipment procurement and technical assistance related to

reverser power flow are included in the project.

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Outline of the Grant Aid Program

Equipment procurement for PV system

Equipment Use of power generated Needs

Grid connected PV system

Generated power is supplied to facilities by a grid connected PV system

Promotion of renewable energy is needed out of concern for the ecosystem disruption in consequence of climate change and increasing physical, human and social damage due to meteorological disaster.

Technical Assistance for grid-connected PV system (Soft Component)

Technical assistance

Training on basic technical knowledge of PV system and on the operation and maintenance thereof including inspection and troubleshooting.

To address the lack of technical knowledge for operation and management of PV systems, because it has not been introduced in Georgia up to now.

Outline of the PV system at TIA

Responsible agency Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia

Implementing agency United Airports of Georgia

Location TIA (Parking and Open Space)

Location environment International Airport Parking in capital city of Tbilisi

Owner of the land United Airports of Georgia

Licensing United Airports of Georgia

Power-generating capacity Approximately 310kW

Estimated annual power generation Approximately 329,000kWh

Area of installation Approximately 4,100sq m

Use of power generated Electric power in the terminal building

Reduction of CO2 emission 182.594t/year

Perspective at TIA

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Outline of the PV system at Ilia State University


Implementing agency Ilia State University

Location Ilia State University premises

Location environment Center of the capital city of Tbilisi

Owner of the land Ilia State University

Licensing Ilia State University


Estimated annual power generation Approximately 32,000kWh

Area of installation Approximately 420sq m

Use of power generated Electric power in university campus

Reduction of CO2 emission 17.76t/year

Perspective at Ilia State University

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Equipment Specification Plan for TIA

Item Specification Qty Uses

PV module Mono or Poly-crystalline Cell not less than 310kW

1 set To transform solar light to electricity.

Supporting structure for PV

modules

1 set To fix the PV modules on the frame structure and concrete foundation

Rotation operation control

panel

DC electromagnetic contactor, changing-over switch, yearly timer and others Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set Four out of five power conditioners will operate in rotation

Power conditioners

Rated capacity: not less than 310kW (including step-up transformers) More than five sets (including one back-up) are to be combined and synchronized power conversion efficiency: not less than 90%Output harmonic: less or equal to 5% in total, less or equal to 3% each Output power factor: not less than 0.95 Protective relay: Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Detection of islanding operation (Passive

and active) Manual operation start-up Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set To convert direct current power generated by the PV modules to alternating current power To control power, voltage and frequency in relation to the PV system

Junction Box

Direct current switchgear, surge protection device, power back-flow prevention device, terminal block and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP53

1 set To collect direct current generated by the PV system and connect it to the power conditioner

Grid Connecting Board

Alternating current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set To collect the alternating current output from power conditioner and connect it to the electric substation

Power Factor Improvement

Static Capacitor Board

Rating: 3P 3W 380V 50Hz Main circuit breaker: MCCB Capacitor: equivalent to 400kVA Series reactor: equivalent to 24kVA (L=6%) Automatic power factor control Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set To improve the power factor of receiving points

Data Management

and Monitoring Systems

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or more) Color printer (Size: up to A3) Software for data monitoring Software for external large display

1 set To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set To operate the indoor type large display

Pyranometer 1 set To observe solar radiation Meteorological observation instruments

Thermometer 1 set To observe air temperature

Large display Size: not less than 100-inch (Liquid crystal, PDP or LED)

1 set To indicate power generated and meteorological data etc. for showcases

Infrared thermograph camera 1 set Instrument to measure the temperature of the PV module surface

Maintenance equipment

Insulation tester (Megger) 1 set Instrument to measure insulation of cables and devices

7


Digital circuit tester 1 set Instrument to measure voltage, current and impedance of cables and devices

Electrical Detector (for medium, AC/DC low voltage)

1 each Devices to check presence of voltage

Insulated rubber gloves 1 pair To avoid an electric shock

Insulated Rubber boots 1 pair To avoid an electric shock

Equipment Specification Plan for Ilia State University





modules

1 set

To fix the PV modules on the frame structure

Power conditioners

Rated capacity: not less than 37kW (including step-up transformers) More than four sets are combined and synchronized power conversion efficiency: not less than 90% Output harmonic: less or equal to 5% in total, less or equal to 3% each Output power factor: not less than 0.95 Protective relay: Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Detection of islanding operation (Passive

and active) Manual operation start-up Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set

To convert direct current power generated by the PV modules to alternating current power To control power, voltage and frequency in relation to the PV system

Junction Box


1 set

To collect direct current generated by the PV system and connect it to the power conditioner


Alternating current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP20 1 set

To collect the alternating current output from power conditioner and connect it to the electric substation

Electric substation

Receiving voltage: 3-phase 3-wire 6 kV50Hz Main circuit breaker: VCB3P630A Transformer: 250 kVA 3-phase 3-wire 4W380/220V Protective relay: OVGR, OCR, RPR, PT Ingress Protection: not less than IP53

1 set

To interconnect the PV system with the grid.Protection relays are built in the system

Data management and

monitoring systems

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or more) Color printer (Size: up to A3 ) Software for data monitoring Software for external large display

1 set

To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set

8


Data management and

monitoring systems for education

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or more) Color printer (Size: up to A3 )

1 set

To educate students

Pyranometer 1 set To observe solar radiation Meteorological observation instruments

Thermometer 1 set To observe air temperature

Large display Size: not less than 60- inch (Liquid crystal, PDP or LED)


Infrared thermograph camera 1 set

Instrument to measure the temperature of the PV module surface

Insulation tester (Megger) 1 set

Instrument to measure insulation of cables and devices

Digital circuit tester 1 set

Instrument to measure voltage, current and impedance of cables and devices


1 eachDevices to check presence of voltage




4. Implementation Schedule

Total project implementation period will be 14 months, which consists of 4 months for detailed

design and tender process, 9 months for procurement and 1.5 months for the soft component.

5. Project Effect

The table below shows expected direct/indirect effects expected to be brought by the project.

Present situation and problems

Countermeasure by the project

Direct Effects Indirect Effect/Degree of

improvement

1 Georgia is insufficient in ability and funds to pursue both Green house gas (GHG) reduction and economic development

2 Georgia aims at energy independence because most of the fuel for thermal power generation is imported

1 Introduction of the grid connected PV system

2 Soft Component (Technical assistance) for operation and maintenance of the above said system

1 Annual reduction of 200 (t-CO2/year) in green house gas (GHG) emission

2 Showcase effects that the PV systems will be shown to 820 thousand persons and 6.55 million vehicles annually

1 Contribution to the upper level plan and promotion of dissemination and expansion of PV systems in Georgia

2 Contribution to the research and development of renewable energy and fostering of related industries in Georgia

6. Recommendations

(1) Issues to be addressed by the recipient country and recommendations

To attain the long term effects brought by the project, the following items shall be taken into

account after implementation of the project.

9

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Georgia has aggressively promoted installation of renewable energy such as solar thermal and

wind power. Under such situation, it is essentially important to use the PV system of the project as

a jump start to promote PV power generation. Therefore, it is highly recommended that a policy

for introduction of renewable energy such as preferential taxation, subsidy, Feed-in Tariffs (FIT)

or Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is formulated as quickly as possible.

(2) Technical cooperation and tie-up with other donors

Technical and economic assistance by Japan, international organizations and other developed

countries is essential for dissemination of PV power generation such as installation of PV systems

for residential buildings, work places and offices and establishment of PV power plants by private

companies. Therefore, in addition to technical assistance by Japanese private companies and

other possible bodies through international organizations such as PV panel manufacturers,

Institutionalization of grid connected PV systems including reverse power flow, high

performance and large scale battery systems, Smart Grids and so on, financial assistance is also

necessary.

CONTENTS

Summary

Contents

Location Map/Perspective

List of Figures & Tables

Abbreviations

Page

Chapter 1 Background of the Project 1-1 Background of the Request ................................................................................................ 1-1

1-2 Outline of the Request........................................................................................................ 1-1

1-3 Natural Conditions ............................................................................................................. 1-2

1-4 Social and Environmental Considerations ......................................................................... 1-3

Chapter 2 Contents of the Project 2-1 Basic Concept of the Project .............................................................................................. 2-1

2-1-1 Overall Goal and Project Objectives ............................................................................... 2-1

2-1-2 Outline of the Project ...................................................................................................... 2-2

2-2 Outline Design of the Requested Japanese Assistance....................................................... 2-2

2-2-1 Design Policy .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-2-1-1 Basic Policy ........................................................................................................... 2-2

2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions ................................................................................ 2-7

2-2-1-3 Policy Related to Socio-Economic Conditions...................................................... 2-9

2-2-1-4 Construction/Procurement Affairs, Special Situations and Commercial

Customs ............................................................................................................... 2-10

2-2-1-5 Policy for Utilizing Local Companies ................................................................. 2-11

2-2-1-6 Policy for Operation and Maintenance ................................................................ 2-11

2-2-1-7 Policy for Equipment and Frame Structure Grade............................................... 2-11

2-2-1-8 Policy for Installation/Procurement Methods ...................................................... 2-12

2-2-1-9 Policy for Installation and Construction .............................................................. 2-13

2-2-2 Basic Plan (Construction Plan / Equipment Plan)......................................................... 2-13

2-2-2-1 Overall Plan ......................................................................................................... 2-13

2-2-2-2 Equipment Plan.................................................................................................... 2-26

2-2-2-3 Frame Structure Plan............................................................................................ 2-29

2-2-3 Outline of the Design Drawings.................................................................................... 2-38

2-2-4 Implementation Plan ..................................................................................................... 2-50

2-2-4-1 Implementation Policy ......................................................................................... 2-50

2-2-4-2 Implementation Conditions.................................................................................. 2-52

2-2-4-3 Scope of Works .................................................................................................... 2-52

2-2-4-4 Consultant Supervision ........................................................................................ 2-53

2-2-4-5 Quality Control Plan ............................................................................................ 2-53

2-2-4-6 Procurement Plan ................................................................................................. 2-56

2-2-4-7 Operational Guidance Plan .................................................................................. 2-58

2-2-4-8 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan ...................................................... 2-59

2-2-4-9 Implementation Schedule..................................................................................... 2-62

2-3 Obligations of Recipient Country .................................................................................... 2-63

2-4 Project Operation Plan ..................................................................................................... 2-64

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance Plan .................................................................................. 2-64

2-5 Project Cost Estimation.................................................................................................... 2-65

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation................................................................................................... 2-65

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost .................................................................................. 2-65

Chapter 3 Project Evaluation and Recommendations 3-1 Project Effect...................................................................................................................... 3-1

3-2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 3-2

3-2-1 Issues to be addressed by the recipient country and recommendations .......................... 3-2

3-2-2 Technical cooperation and tie-up with other donors ....................................................... 3-2

[Appendices]

1. Member List of the Study Team

2. Study Schedule

3. List of Parties Concerned in the Recipient Country

4. Minutes of Discussion

5. Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan

6. Simulation of Annual/Monthly Power Generation

7. Solar Panel Reflection Simulation

8. Reference

N

GEORGIA

Tbilisi

1,000km0


Ilia State University

0 3km

N

Location Map

Perspective, Tbilisi International Airport

The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation System in Georgia

Perspective, Ilia State University

LIST OF FIGURES Page

Figure 2-1 Observed data (Solar Radiation and Temperature in Tbilisi Area in 2000) ......2-7 Figure 2-2 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Tbilisi (NASA).......2-8 Figure 2-3 Outline of the PV system ...................................................................................2-13 Figure 2-4 Perspective at TIA (Parking and Open Space)..................................................2-21 Figure 2-5 Perspective at Ilia State University ..................................................................2-22 Figure 2-6 TIA Frame Layout Plan .....................................................................................2-32 Figure 2-7 Ilia State University Frame Structure Layout Plan ........................................2-33 Figure 2-8 TIA Frame Structure Section Plan (Parking) ...................................................2-34 Figure 2-9 TIA Supporting Structure Section Plan (Open Space) .....................................2-34 Figure 2-10 Ilia State University Frame Structure Section Plan ........................................2-35 Figure 2-11 Project Implementation Scheme........................................................................2-50

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1-1 Natural Conditions in Tbilisi (2006-2008 Average) ............................................1-3 Table 2-1 Outline of the Project ...........................................................................................2-2 Table 2-2 Requested candidate sites (initial) ......................................................................2-3 Table 2-3 Requested candidate site (Additional).................................................................2-4 Table 2-4 Items to be observed...........................................................................................2-15 Table 2-5 Maintenance Equipment....................................................................................2-16 Table 2-6 Schedule of Protection Relays............................................................................2-19 Table 2-7 System Outline at TIA .......................................................................................2-21 Table 2-8 Outline at Ilia State University.........................................................................2-22 Table 2-9 Equipment Specifications Plan for TIA.............................................................2-26 Table 2-10 Equipment Specification Plan for Ilia State University...................................2-27 Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Georgian Side ............................................2-52 Table 2-12 Initial Operational Guidance for the PV system ..............................................2-59 Table 2-13 Soft Component Schedule ..................................................................................2-62 Table 2-14 Implementation Schedule ..................................................................................2-62 Table 2-15 Maintenance Cost for the Project (TIA) ............................................................2-68 Table 2-16 Maintenance Cost for the Project (Ilia State University).................................2-68

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Original Word

C CC Climate Change

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

D DNA Designated National Authority

E EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIB European Investment Bank

FIT Feed in Tariff

G GHG Greenhouse Gas

K KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau

G GEF Global Environmental Facility

GOGC Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation

I ISU Ilia State University

L LEPL Legal Entity of Public Law

M MAD Maximum Admissible Discharge Limit

M MoE Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Georgia

MoESD Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia

MoEPNR Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia

MoEP Ministry of Environmental Protection of Georgia

MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia

MoF Ministry of Finance of Georgia

MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia

MCGF Millennium Challenge Georgia Fund

NASA National Aeronautic and Space Administration

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

P PV Photovoltaic

R RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard

T TAV TAV

TELASI Tbilisi Electricity Network

TPP Thermal Power Plant

U UAG United Airports Georgia

UNDP United Nation Development Plan

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

USAID United Sates Agency for International Development

W WB World Bank

CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Chapter 1 Background of the Project

1-1 Background of the Request

The Government of Japan (hereinafter referred to as “GoJ”) established the Cool Earth Partnership

in the address made by the then Prime minister Fukuda of Japan during the World Economic

Forum held in Davos, Switzerland in January 2008 as a new financial mechanism for developing

countries that are aiming to achieve both emission reduction and economic growth, and that are

suffering severe adverse impacts as a result of climate change. Through this, a new scheme of grant

aid, the “Grant Aid for the Environment and Climate Change Program” (hereinafter referred to as

GAEC) (2008) was also created by GoJ for insufficiently funded and less capable developing

countries willing to take actions for climate change.

As one of the co-benefit cooperation projects, JICA aims to utilize Japanese advanced technology

in clean energies including renewable ones. As a result, it was decided to conduct GAEC using the

solar photovoltaic (hereinafter referred to as “PV”) system for the member countries of the Cool

Earth Partnership.

Because of these backgrounds, GoJ was asked for installation of a PV system as GAEC by Georgia,

which has a policy to develop renewable energy to mitigate negative impacts on the environment

and is experiencing rapidly increasing electricity demand, and in response, the implementation of

the preparatory survey under JICA was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

1-2 Outline of the Request

Outlines of the requests at the times of the application for GAEC, the project formulation and

outline design of the preparatory survey are as follows.

(1) Request at the time of application for GAEC

GAEC for installation of a grid connected PV system and technical assistance for the

operation and maintenance thereof was requested by Georgia in April 2009. The Ministry of

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia (MoEPNR), Tserovani Refugee

Camp, Ilia State University and Tbilisi No. 199 school were proposed by Georgia as

candidate sites for this project. The generating capacities at each site are approx. 177kW at

MoEPNR site, approx. 777kW at Tserovani Refugee Camp site, approx. 70kW at Ilia State

University site and approx. 60kW at Tbilisi No. 199 school site.

In this preparatory survey, as a first step, project formulation including narrowing down the

candidate sites, was implemented. As a second step, through site survey, the conceptual

design, the project cost estimation and drawing up of the draft tender documents were

conducted.

1-1

(2) Request at the time of project formulation in the preparatory survey

At the time of project formulation in the preparatory survey in September 2009, the

candidate sites were evaluated in terms of showcase effect, security of the facilities,

sustainability of the facilities, grid connectivity, capability of operation and maintenance of

the PV system and sun shadow effects. As a result, MoEPNR and Ilia State University were

selected as project sites.

(3) Request at the time of outline design in the preparatory survey

At the time of outline design in the preparatory survey in November 2010, the JICA study

team explained to the Georgian side that MoEPNR and Ilia State University were selected as

project sites and this was approved by the Georgian side. Afterward, further feasible studies,

detailed designs and cost estimations were conducted. Meanwhile, MoEPNR had a drastic

institutional reform and it is no longer possible to install the PV system at the MoEPNR site.

As a new candidate site, Tbilisi International Airport (hereinafter referred as to TIA) was

added in June 2011. As a result of an additional survey, TIA and Ilia State University were

selected as new project sites. The detailed survey results are as follows.

1) TIA

TIA site not only plays a leading role for clean energy in Georgia, but also will be seen by a

large number of people (showcase effects). In addition, sustainability of facilities and grid

connectivity will be ensured. It is expected that technical assistance (soft component) of this

project will contribute to development of necessary operation and maintenance ability. The

concern about the TIA site is that the installation area is limited to the green zone in the

parking area, so construction work should be done so that there is no effect on existing

facilities.

2) Ilia State University

Because Ilia State University faces a heavy-trafficked road, it will have show case effects not

only to students but for the general public. Security of facilities, sustainability of facilities

and grid connectivity will be ensured. In addition, it is expected that technical assistance

(soft component) of this project will contribute to development of necessary operation and

maintenance ability.

1-3 Natural Conditions

Georgia has two different climates, one west and the other east of Surami Mountain, which is

in the middle of the country. The west side is a subtropical area. With the Black Sea on its

west, the area is blessed with rainfalls and fertile land. Through a year the area is relatively

warm, daytime temperature usually reaches 30 degrees Celsius in summer and 10-15 degrees

Celsius in winter. Whereas, the east side, where the capital city of Tbilisi is located, is dry

and categorized as a continental climate. The temperature depends on the elevation. Daytime

1-2

temperature reaches 30-35 degrees Celsius in summer and average day length is more than

eight hours a day from June to August. Whereas, daytime temperature is usually 0-10

degrees Celsius in winter but can reach -10 degrees Celsius at night. Total annual hours of

daylight in Georgia is more than 2,000 hours and that of Tokyo is 1,800-1,900 hours. The

northern mountainous parts are relatively cool and it snows occasionally.

Table 1-1 Natural Conditions in Tbilisi (2006-2008 Average)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average(or Total)

Average Max. Daily Temperature (deg C)

4.8 8.5 14.9 18.7 23.2 28.8 30.8 34.4 27.2 20.6 12.5 7.3 19.3

Average Min. Daily Temperature (deg C)

-2,1 -0.4 4.8 8.4 12.4 17.5 19.4 21.0 16.7 11.8 4.5 0.3 9.5

Average Temperature (deg C)

0.6 3.2 9.0 12.7 17.4 22.5 24.5 27.1 21.2 15.4 7.7 3.0 13.7

Average Humidity (%) 76 73 66 70 73 72 67 65 75 78 83 81 73

Rainfall (mm/month) 25 10 26 78 78 57 54 19 35 41 35 18 476

No. of Sunny Days 2 3 2 1 3 4 6 5 4 2 2 4 38

Hours of Sunshine (Hour/Day)

2.8 4.6 4.4 4.4 7.1 8.5 8.2 8.7 6.4 4.5 3.6 3.3 2,021

Whether Bureau

1-4 Social and Environmental Considerations

In Georgia, the following documents should be followed to obtain an environmental permit.

September 1, 2005 N154 Resolution of Georgia on Rules and Conditions of Issuing of

Environmental Permit;

Georgian law on“Environmental Protection”

Georgian Law on “Atmospheric Air Protection”

Georgian Law on Water

17 September 1996 #130 Order of MoEPNR of Georgia

Georgia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in

1994 and the Kyoto Protocol as one of the Non-Annex I countries in 1999. Later it established the

National Research Center to start implementing policies on climate change in 1996. In January,

2003, the National Agency on Climate Change (NACC）, which belonged to the Ministry of

Environment of Georgia was designated as a Designated National Authority (DNA) of Georgia,

which handles the clean development mechanism (CDM). Then the Ministry of Environmental

Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia (currently the Ministry of Environmental Protection

of Georgia) became a new DNA in January 2005.

The PV system of the project is less than 500kW and will not produce significant negative

environmental impacts. As a result of consideration in accordance with the JICA EIA guideline,

this PV system is categorized as “Category C” and an environmental review can be skipped after

screening.

1-3

CHAPTER 2

CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT

Chapter 2 Contents of the Project

2-1 Basic Concept of the Project

2-1-1 Overall Goal and Project Objectives

Recognizing the physical, human, and social disasters brought by ecosystem destruction and

meteorological disasters due to climate change, Georgia sees climate change as one of its top

priority agendas. Georgia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) in 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol as one of the Non-Annex I countries in 1999. Later it

established the National Research Center to start implementing policies on the climate change in

1996. In January, 2003, the National Agency on Climate Change (NACC), which belonged to the

Ministry of Environment of Georgia was designated as a Designated National Authority (DNA) of

Georgia, which handles clean development mechanism (CDM). Then the Ministry of

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia (currently the Ministry of

Environmental Protection of Georgia) became a new DNA in January 2005.

Hydropower (Approx. 90%) and thermal power (Approx. 10%) are the main power generation

contributors in Georgia. According to statistics, annual power generation in 2010 is from base load

plants (6,525.4GWh), seasonal plants (2,842.3GWh) and thermal power plants (678.6GWh).

In terms of both energy policy and security guarantees, energy sector reform has been an important

task in Georgia. That is due to the growing need for commitment to international standards and its

situation such that Georgia has to turn to neighboring countries for almost all of the fuel for thermal

power generation. In fact, there was a temporary stop of natural gas supply due to pipe line damage

in 2006. In response to this accident, Georgia has made and declared its plan for energy

independence.

This project, as a pilot project, is about introducing a grid connected PV system (hereinafter

referred to as PV system) aiming at contribution to both reduction in greenhouse gas emission and

stable energy supply.

(1) Upper Level Plan

In terms of climate change, it is intended to elaborate a National Adaptation Plan of Action

(NAPA), which was formulated in 2009. In the plan were held up three policies of 1)

Making an effort against climate change, 2) Utilizing a CDM scheme and 3) Improvement of

public awareness regarding the climate change. As for the energy section, it’s aimed to

pursue utilizing renewable energies (hydro power, wind power, solar power, geothermal

power and biomass).

(2) Project Purposes

Japan has established a new financial mechanism for a “Cool Earth Partnership” in order to

help developing countries both in reduction of green house gases and economic development.

2-1

As a part of this mechanism, a Grant Aid for the Environment Program was introduced to

provide financial support and capacity development.

With this background, the purpose of this project is to introduce the PV system. Main effects

which this project will bring are promotion of renewable energy usage, reduction in

greenhouse gas emission and improvement of public awareness of climate change by the

showcase effect.

2-1-2 Outline of the Project

To accomplish the above goal, equipment and materials for the PV system will be procured and

technical assistance for the operation and maintenance will be provided.

Table 2-1 Outline of the Project

Equipment procurement for PV system

Equipment Use of power generated Needs

Grid-connected PV system

Generated power is supplied to facilities by a grid connected PV system

Promotion of renewable energy is needed out of concern about ecosystem disruption in consequence of climate change and increasing physical, human and social damage due to meteorological disaster.

Technical Assistance for grid-connected PV system (Soft Component)

Technical assistance

Training on basic technical knowledge of PV systems and on the operation and maintenance thereof including inspection and troubleshooting.

To address the lack of technical knowledge for operation and management of PV systems, because it has hardly been introduced in Georgia up to now.

2-2 Outline Design of the Requested Japanese Assistance

2-2-1 Design Policy

2-2-1-1 Basic Policy

(1) Scope of Cooperation

The project will provide a PV system in which Japanese technology and know-how can be

utilized. These can also assure a showcase effect of the PV system and sustainable operation

and maintenance. Georgia has no experience in grid connected PV systems, reverse power

flow, or buying electric power from independent power producers. In addition, Tbilisi

Electricity Network (hereafter referred to as “TELASI”) considers implementing reverse

power flow when institutional conditions are cleared after completion of this project.

Therefore, a grid connected PV system without reverse power flow will be provided. As the

Georgian government is willing to introduce a reverse power flow system, this project also

covers equipment procurement and technical assistance related to reverse power flow.

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(2) Site Selection

Four candidate sites were initially requested as installation locations of the PV system by

Georgia. Each candidate site and the use of generated power are as follows.

Table 2-2 Requested candidate sites (initial)

Priority Level

Candidate Site Name Generation Capacity

Installation Location & Area Use of Generated

Power

1 Ministry of Environmental

Protection and Natural Resources

Approx. 177kW

Roof, walls, and entrance area (Approx. 4,700sq m)

Ministry building

2 Tserovani Refugee Camp

Approx. 777kW

Unoccupied land in the camp (Approx. 22,500 sq m)

Houses and facilities in the

camp

3 Ilia State University Approx. 70kW

Unoccupied land in the university campus

(Approx. 2,350sq m)

University campus

4 Tbilisi No.199 school Approx. 60kW

Schoolhouse roof top (Approx. 2,100 sq m)

School premises including dormitory

The site selection was implemented according to the following six criteria.

Security of the facilities

Sustainability of the facilities

Grid connectivity

Capability of operation and maintenance for the PV system

Sun shadow effect

Showcase effect of the PV system

Comprehensive evaluations for each location according to the criteria, are as follows.

1) Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

Since the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources (hereafter referred to

as “MoEPNR”) is in charge of acting as contact Ministry concerning Clean Development

Mechanism (CDM) as of 2009 and promoting clean energy, it’s expected that introduction of

the PV system to MoEPNR would be appealing to the public. Also due to a main road and

heavy traffic in front of MoEPNR, the PV system will be seen by a large number of people,

which is what we call the showcase effect. At MoEPNR, sustainability of the facilities and

interconnectivity are ensured. In addition, capability of operation and maintenance can also

be provided by technical assistance (soft component). However, the deterioration of the

ministry building has to be taken into account in selecting an installation site. Furthermore,

due to shadow which would be cast by surrounding buildings, it’s estimated that generation

efficiency would be lower than the other candidate sites.

2) Tserovani Refugee Settlement

Even though the installation site will not be affected by shadow, and it can be ensured that

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enough generation capacity and interconnection will be easy, the site is located away from

the highway and showcase effect is expected to be low. Furthermore, there are also

problems in continuity, safety, and operation and maintenance, which are intrinsic to refugee

camps.


Appealing to and enlightening of the students regarding the PV system is expected as well as

a showcase effect because of the installation location facing the main road. As the

installation site is located in the university campus, facility safety, continuity and

interconnectivity are assured. There will be no problems in operation and maintenance if

technical assistance (soft component) is provided.

4) Tbilisi No.199 School

Appealing to and enlightening of the students regarding the PV system can be expected but

the schoolhouse is too old to install the equipment to be safe unless a great deal of repairing

is carried out. There is some concern about capability of operation and maintenance.

As a result of discussions between Georgia and Japan, MoEPNR and Ilia State University

were selected as candidate sites. The reasons are: Tserovani Refugee Camp has critical

problems in continuity and safety and Tbilisi No.199 School does not have enough space for

the installation.

Despite what was described above, MoEPNR was removed from the list of candidate sites

since the Georgian government restructured its government ministries and agencies in

February 2011, and an additional candidate site of Tbilisi International Airport (hereinafter

referred to as TIA) was added and information about the site is shown below.

Table 2-3 Requested candidate site (Additional)

Candidate Site Name

Power Generation Capacity

Installation Location & Area Use of Generated Power


Approx. 200kW In the Parking Space (Approx. 4,100sq m)

In the terminal building

Comprehensive evaluation of TIA according to the criteria is as follow.

5) TIA

TIA is the largest airport in Georgia and a gateway for more than 820,000 passengers a year.

It’s expected that introduction of the PV system to the airport would be appealing to the

public and promote clean energy. As the PV system will be installed in front of the terminal

building, the system is expected to be seen by a large number of people. At the Airport,

sustainability of the facilities and interconnectivity are ensured as well as capability of

operation and maintenance by existing technical staff for operation and maintenance. In

addition, operation and maintenance will be enhanced by technical assistance (soft

2-4

component). However, installation space for the PV system in the parking lot is limited to

the green zone because it is impossible to decrease the Parking space. Furthermore,

influence of the existing facilities has to be studied in the construction work.

As a result of a comprehensive consideration, TIA and Ilia State University were chosen as

project sites for this project.

(3) Required Space and Capacity of the PV System

The study of this project on space and capacity at TIA and Ilia State University was based on

the following conditions;

There should be as little shadow effect of trees, surrounding buildings, etc. on the panel

as possible in order to maximize generation efficiency

There should not be structural problems when installing the PV modules

There should not be reflection which causes negative effects on neighbors or airplanes

There should not be shadow effects of PV modules on neighboring facilities

Reverse power flow should be avoided even when power usage is small, for example

weekends, by effective power usage because reverse power flow is out of the scope of

this project

Direction and tilting angle of PV modules should be set so as to attain high generation

efficiency.

Based on the above conditions, the results of the study are as follows.

1) TIA

TIA and the terminal building are operated by a Turkish company under contract with the

Georgian government, which is a BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) financing project for 20

years. All incomes of this pay car park are used for operation and maintenance of the whole

airport facilities. Therefore, the plan was made to build a supporting structure above the

existing green zone and open space so as not to interfere with the current parking space. As a

result, generation efficiency including the shadow effect of approximately 98% and

generation capacity of about 310kW will be achieved. It’s also estimated that this amounts

to approximately 38% of the total estimated power consumption capacity (800kW).


The original request was to install the PV system on unoccupied land in the campus with a

generation capacity of 70kW. However, it was affected by shadow of a university building

on the southern side and if set high enough to avoid the effect it would cause a shadow effect

to a university building on the north side. So, the plan was made to install it on the west side

where the shadow effect is minimal. Therefore, the generation capacity was 37kW and

generation efficiency including the shadow effect is 83%. It’s estimated that this amounts to

approximately 18% of the total estimated power consumption capacity (200kW).

2-5

(4) Overall Design Concepts

The outline design of the project is based on the following concepts.

1) In consideration of the fact that there has been no precedent of reverse power flow to

the grid or electric power selling coupled with absence of relevant institutions

regarding PV systems in Georgia, the project will provide necessary equipment for the

PV systems without reverse power flow.

2) Reverse Power Relays (not necessary when allowing reverse power flow) and technical

assistance for reverse power flow will be included in the plan, as Georgia intends to

utilize reverse power flow once the conditions allow.

3) As for interconnection, an equipment plan should be drafted in accordance with

technical requirements to Japanese interconnection standards so as not to bring

negative effects on distribution power quality and to ensure safety.

4) It is required to install protection devices that include over voltage ground relays and

reverse power relays. The power factor at the receiving point is estimated to be

approximately 80% because there is no power factor correction capacitor. Therefore,

capacitors in the electrical substation to comply with the requirements of the Grid-

Interconnection Code will be installed to improve the power factor to 95%.

a) TIA

The existing terminal building was built in 2007 and electrical substation facilities have

an extra space to install the above said protection devices. So, the plan was made to

install necessary devices into the existing substation.

b) Ilia State University

The existing substation has no space for installing protection devices and no substation

protection devices such as transformers. So, the plan was made that this should be

replaced by a new substation fully equipped with above said equipment.

1) The PV system and existing power distribution systems will be connected at the low

voltage side of the transformer of the above substation.

2) For an interconnection system without reverse power flow, the system should be

designed to effectively utilize the PV generated power when the facility side power

consumption is low.

3) The supporting structure should be completely independent from the existing building

and be installed where the shadow effect from this new supporting structure to existing

buildings is low.

2-6

2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions

(1) Altitude

The altitude of the project site where the procured equipment will be installed and then

operated is approximately 400m above the sea level. Therefore, all equipment is designed

with manufactures’ standard specifications for altitude and pressure.

(2) Solar Radiation and Air Temperature

As shown in Figure 2-1, the average clear day solar radiation observed in the site survey is

1.77 kWh/sq m/d, which is above NASA’s December average of 1.74 kWh/sq m/d, however,

the average monthly value is presumed to be almost identical. Based on the above data, the

annual power generation by the PV system at the two sites will be calculated adopting

NASA data and reflecting the result of the shadow effect simulation.

As NASA average temperature data in Figure 2-2 shows, temperature varies annually from -

4 deg C to +20 deg C, which is within the usual solar panel operating temperature condition

of “-20 deg C to +45 deg C” and will not decrease the output due to the panel surface

temperature rise. Further, judging from the usual operating temperature condition of -10 deg

C to +40 deg C for power conditioners, the main item in the system, the planned equipment

of the standard specification can be applicable and so no special considerations will be given.

Solar Radiation (kWh//d) in Tbilisi

1.72

1.82

1.66

1.68

1.7

1.72

1.74

1.76

1.78

1.8

1.82

1.84

2nd Dec 15th Dec

Figure 2-1 Observed data (Solar Radiation and Temperature in Tbilisi Area in 2000)

2-7

2.08

2.87

3.8

4.7

5.58

6.3

1.74

2.16

5.95

5.15

3.11

4.23

1.42

-2.25

2.88

9.27

14.8

19.520.3

16.9

12.6

8.17

-3.26-3.44

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

日射量（kWh//d）

月平均気温()

Daily Solar Radiation

Monthly averageAir Temperature

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Daily SolarRadiation

(kWh//d)

Monthlyaverage AirTemperature

（）

※annual average daily solar

radiation：3.97kWh/m2/d

　annual average airtemperature：8.14

Figure 2-2 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Tbilisi (NASA)1

(3) Seismic Load

Although some earthquakes have been recorded in Georgia (2.9-6.0 magnitude earthquakes

occurred 39 times in 2009), there is no record of any building destruction or damage by an

earthquake in Tbilisi.

The design strength of the supporting frame for the PV modules and support bolts is

calculated assuming the fixed load (panel, structure weight) as the long-term load and the

heaviest of either the fixed load plus wind load, the fixed load plus seismic load, or the fixed

load plus snow load as the short-term load.

(4) Wind

According to NASA data for the past 22 years, the average wind speed in Tbilisi is 5.5m/sec.

(10m above ground level). At Ilia State University, however, blasts of concentrated wind

caused by surrounding buildings may bring serious effects. In wind-resistant design,

considering the strength of airflow, design wind velocity for the calculation shall be assumed

to be 30 meters per second for the wind load calculation, supporting the frame and anchor

bolts for the foundation, and foundation of the PV module. Further, consideration is given to

the fact that the planned site is located in the inland area of Tbilisi. Tbilisi belongs to

“ground roughness class Ⅲ” in the Building Standards Act of Japan. The design speed

pressure of 1,120N/sq m will be adopted based on the wind load calculation method

specified in the Building Standards Act of Japan. In contrast, at the project site for TIA,

design wind velocity for the calculation shall be assumed to be 40 meters per second, which

1 Source: NASA, Tbilisi (Lat.41.7, Long.45.0) Note: Mean daily solar radiation is shown for a horizontal

surface (kWh/sq m/d).

2-8

is pursuant to the design standard for the existing terminal building, and the design speed

pressure of 1,348N/sq m will be adopted.

(5) Snowfall

The maximum amount of snowfall of 170 millimeters was recorded in the past in Tbilisi.

Therefore, 300 millimeters shall be adopted as assumptive maximum amount of snowfall and

600 N/sq m shall be adopted as the snow load.

(6) Rainfall

According to the Meteorological Office’s data, the annual rain fall in Tbilisi is 450mm to

500mm, which is less than one-third of Tokyo’s. Adequate cleaning effect on the PV

modules will be assured, so special measures for water exposure of outdoor electric

equipment will not be considered.

(7) Lightning

In Tbilisi, thunder clouds are usually observed seven times a year mainly between November

and March, but no lightning damage has been reported. However, in recent years in many

countries trouble with electronic equipment, computers, etc. have become a big problem. By

direct strikes and induced lightning, abnormal current and voltage enter electronic equipment

through power and telephone lines, etc. to cause trouble. For this reason, for power

conditioners, measurement monitors and large displays, measures will be taken to block

abnormal current and voltage effects through the existing power and telephone lines, etc. and

to ensure a steady power supply.

(8) Salt Damage

The proposed sites are located in an inland area about 240km from the Black Sea in linear

distance and about 290km from the Caspian Sea, and no salt damage by sea breeze etc. has

been reported. As standard specifications are applicable to the planned equipment, no

special measures will be taken.

2-2-1-3 Policy Related to Socio-Economic Conditions

So far Georgia has put a high national priority on economic development rather than on an

effort to reduce greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission, not leaving sufficient funds for

improvement of infrastructures or policies for renewable energy utilization. Therefore, it’s

necessary to raise public awareness for introducing renewable energy and the showcase

effect has to be considered to promote renewable energy in Georgia in the planning and

design stage.

2-9

2-2-1-4 Construction/Procurement Affairs, Special Situations and Commercial Customs

(1) Permits and Approvals and Laws Related to the Implementation of the Project

Within this project, installation works for foundations, supporting frames and equipment and

electric works will be conducted. In Georgia, the labor law governs employment contracts,

gender consideration, working hours, break time, wages, working rules, working

environment and so on. Therefore, this law should be applied to installation works of this

project. Building standards law and related laws in Georgia should be referred to and design

documents are subject to be checked by the local government prior to submission. Also

environmental preservation regulated by parliamentary resolutions, laws, ministerial order

and so on in Georgia should be conformed to.

(2) Applicable Technical Guidelines, Regulations and Standards

The design, manufacture and installation of devices, equipment and materials to be procured

under this project are to conform to international and Japanese standards issued by the

following organizations.

IEC Standards (IEC61215, IEC61646, IEC61730-1 and IEC61730-2)

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS)

The Standard of Japan Electric Manufacturer’s Association (JEM)

Japan Electromechanical Committee (JEC)

Japanese Cable Maker’s Association Standards (JCS)

Guideline on interconnection system technology requirements for power quality (Japan)

Grid-Interconnection Code, Japan Electric Association (JEAC)

Electricity Business Act (Japan)

Electric Installation Engineering Standards (Japan)

(3) Permit Approval for the Works

According to the Georgian regulations, permit approval by the jurisdictional Municipality shall

be needed for the works. The basic design drawings for the supporting structure and application

documents will be reviewed as an extension work at each site and it will take two weeks.

(4) Design Standards to be Complied with for the Works

In Georgia, the building code is in the process of being clarified and currently refers to the

design standards of the USSR and international standards such as AASHTO, ANSI, BS and

so on. As for safety standards, Japanese standards will be applied to the works.

It’s expected to conduct civil, architectural, electrical and communication facility works

related to the PV system and its accessories. All the plans and designs are based on the

Japanese specifications and standards while still referring to the guidelines of Georgian civil,

construction, electrical, and mechanical work and so on.

2-10

2-2-1-5 Policy for Utilizing Local Companies

This is the first time for Georgia to install a PV system of this scale and local companies

have no experiences with the installation of a PV system like this project. It is absolutely

necessary to provide training and guidance to local companies by experts; thus, Japanese

companies, which will be the suppliers for this project will supervise the entire installation

work and provide training and instruction to local companies. It is planed to utilize the local

companies for the civil/construction work, transportation of equipment and materials in

Georgia etc, which can be executed by local companies.

2-2-1-6 Policy for Operation and Maintenance

TIA and Ilia State University will have the first experience to install a PV system under this

project.

For the introduction of the PV system, the operation and maintenance will be carried out by

3 staff members in the existing management department of United Airports of Georgia

(hereinafter referred to as UAG) and 5 staff members in the existing management department

of TAV Urban Georgia LLC (hereinafter referred to as TAV) in the case of TIA, and by a 10

staff members of a new organization under the direct control of the president in the case of

Ilia State University.

One 6th grade2 electric engineer at TIA and one 6th grade and two 5th grade engineers at Ilia

State University will undertake managing duty. They have enough knowledge and skills for

electric equipment in normal buildings but do not have technical knowledge regarding the

PV system that is to be provided by the project.

Therefore, sufficient training for the operation and maintenance of the newly introduced

equipment shall be provided. The trainings are to be conducted by the manufacturer in

charge of the installation’s initial operation guidance and the consultant’s soft component.

2-2-1-7 Policy for Equipment and Frame Structure Grade

For the project to be successful, the equipment and supporting structure must be of general

versatility, toughness, and good cost performance.

In the TIA Parking, the PV modules should be installed at the height of 4m to ensure safe

parking space under the PV modules.

In the TIA Open Space, due to the wide installation space, the PV modules can be installed

on the ground.

2 Electrical engineers are rated by experience years after graduation from electrical school and the scope of works which

electrical engineers can handle is ruled and limited by the rating. The rating grades range from the 1st to the top 6th.

2-11

At Ilia State University, the PV modules should be installed at the height of 2.5m to ensure

safety in the limited installation space.

Under the above conditions, it’s important to choose appropriate equipment. The equipment

should also be easily operated and maintained and experimentally proved.

There are many kinds of PV cells which compose PV modules, such as mono-crystalline

silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, Thin-film amorphous silicon, chemical compounds and

hybrid types. All these different types of PV modules have their own characteristics of power

generation ratio, temperature-maximum output, and voltage-current performance and so on.

In accord with the above requirements and capability of the PV cells, the type of PV cells for

the project are selected from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon types which have

proven long-term good performance, in consideration of the required minimum generation

capacity, installation space and shadow effects at each installation site.

Furthermore, anti-reflection materials will be selected in consideration of reflection effects

on neighboring facilities and airplanes.

2-2-1-8 Policy for Installation/Procurement Methods

(1) Construction Method

The foundations and columns for the supporting structure will be reinforced concrete and

steel. In addition, local construction methods shall be adopted in this project.

(2) Procurement Method

Procurement of the equipment and materials for the Project are to be implemented with

consideration of the following:

1) Connection between the PV modules, support structures, power conditioners,

measuring and data management and monitoring systems and so on must be

guaranteed to function as an integrated system.

2) Establishment of an appropriate support structure for operation and maintenance of the

system is essential because this is the first introduction of the PV system in Georgia.

3) The Project shall be implemented within a limited time in accordance with the

guidelines for the Japanese grant aid scheme.

4) Since major equipment for the Project such as PV modules and power conditioners are

to be procured from Japanese manufacturers, competitiveness among those

manufacturers in the tender has to be secured.

5) Prevailing construction materials and other materials such as electric and

telecommunication cables etc. to be used for the installation of equipment and common

construction materials are to be procured in Georgia in order to reduce the project cost.

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(3) Construction Schedule

Under the basic policy of the package contract for procurement and construction, fair

competition, in addition to economic efficiency and work efficiency shall be secured. The

work schedule management for construction of equipment and supporting structures shall be

paid the most attention and the work schedule shall be determined as short as practical.

2-2-1-9 Policy for Installation and Construction

Top priority shall be placed on securing the safety of users, tourists, employees, visitors, students,

and faculty, in addition to protecting existing facilities. Moreover, an appropriate plan for

installation and construction shall be established so as to minimize the influence of noise and

vibration to neighborhood facilities.

2-2-2 Basic Plan (Construction Plan / Equipment Plan)

2-2-2-1 Overall Plan

As the result of studies based on the Japanese interconnection standard regarding the effect to the

grid by the Project, it is confirmed that the introduction of the PV system of this Project will be

technically feasible.

(1) Study of the Equipment plan

As a result of studies and discussions with the Georgian side and analysis in Japan regarding

equipment for the PV system in this project, the planned PV system will be composed of a

grid connected PV system, data management and monitoring system, and other devices

described below.

Grid② Power Conditioners

① PV Modules

④Meteorological Observation Instruments

AC

③ Substation

⑤ Large Display④ Monitoring PC

DC

Power Generated,Meteorological Data etc.

Facilities (Lighting, Air conditioner etc.)

Figure 2-3 Outline of the PV system

2-13

1) PV Modules

There are many kinds of PV cells which compose PV modules, such as mono-crystalline

silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, thin-film amorphous silicon, chemical compounds and

hybrid types. All these different types of PV modules have their own characteristics of power

generation efficiency, temperature-maximum output, and voltage-current performance and

so on. PV cells for this project are selected from crystalline silicon which has proven long-

term good performance, in consideration of the required minimum power generated capacity,

area available for installing the PV modules and shadow effects at each installation site.

2) Power Conditioners

According to the maximum power demand data at both installation sites and planned

generation capacity, the power generation may exceed the power consumption during

minimum power demand periods.

Operation of reverse power flow is out of the scope of this project and the system has to

avoid reverse power flow when surplus power is generated. Therefore, the planned power

conditioners need to control output of generated power. This will also decrease the risk of

system shutdown in case of trouble.

3) Electric Substation

The PV system will be interconnected to the distribution grid on the lower voltage side of

this substation equipment. An Over Voltage Ground Relay (OVGR) has to be installed for

interconnection of the PV system to the grid. In addition, a Reverse Power Relay (RPR) has

to be installed to avoid reverse power flow.

a) TIA

OVGR and RPR will be installed in the existing substation. There is sufficient space for

installing these protective relays in the existing substation of the terminal building.

In order to install the new protective relays, power supply has to be stopped. Therefore,

power stop time has to be as short as possible.

From the substation to the main distribution boards located in the terminal building,

electric power is distributed by two lines. So it is possible to stop power supply of one

line to install the protective relays while the other line provides power. By rotation of this

process, a blackout may be avoided.

b) Ilia State University

The existing substation equipment at the site does not have sufficient space in itself for

installing the OVGR and RPR. In addition, the existing substation is not equipped with

basic protective relays such as a transformer. Therefore, this project will replace the

existing substation with necessary protective relays at Ilia State University.

2-14

During the substation renewal period, power stop time has to be as short as possible.

Therefore the new substation will be equipped close to the existing one so that cable

reconnecting work from the existing substation to the new one can be completed easily.

This cable reconnecting work is to be borne by the Georgian side.

4) Data Management and Monitoring Systems

Data management and monitoring systems consist of a personal computer, meteorological

observation instruments such as pyranometer and thermometer, along with data detectors and

signal transmitters. The systems enable tracking of the amount of power generation,

input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. The

system also records and displays these data in the specified format to be set. In addition to

monitoring the performance of the PV system, these systems display an alarm in case of

system abnormality which will be stored in memory.

The data measuring equipment monitors and collects information using devices specified in

subparagraph i), under the conditions specified in the subparagraph ii), regarding the data

specified in the subparagraph iii)

At Ilia State University, one measurement monitor will be installed for educational purposes

in addition to the one for operation and maintenance.

1. Components of the Data Management and Monitoring System (at Each Site)

Personal Computer : 1 unit

Pyranometer : 1 unit

Thermometer : 1 unit

Data detector and signal converter : 1 lot

2. Measuring period, Calculation Period and Data Storage Period

Measuring Period 6 seconds

Calculation Period Approx. 6 seconds

Data storage period 1 minute or 1 hour

3. Items to be Observed

Items to be observed are as follows.

Table 2-4 Items to be observed

Observation Items Measuring points Data storage

Solar radiation 1 Yes

Air Temperature 1 Yes

Input voltage to power conditioners (TIA) 5 or more for each Yes

Input voltage to power conditioners (Ilia State University) 4 or more for each Yes

Output voltage from power conditioners (TIA) 5 or more for each Yes

Output voltage from power conditioners (Ilia State University) 4 or more for each Yes

Amount of power generated by the PV system 5 Yes

Power Factor 1 Yes

Frequency 1 Yes

2-15

5) Large Display

A large display is planned to be installed at the arrival hall of the terminal building of TIA,

and in the cafeteria of Ilia State University. This displays an outline of the PV system, the

amount of power generation (present, daily, monthly and annually) and meteorological data

(air temperature and solar radiation). The main purpose of the large display is to introduce

the PV system and indicate its environmental effects to users, passengers, and staff of TIA as

well as students and staff of Ilia State University. Data monitored on the large display can be

set or edited by the Data Management and Monitoring Systems.

6) Maintenance Equipment

For proper maintenance of the PV system and the substation, the maintenance equipment is

planned as follows.

Table 2-5 Maintenance Equipment

Items Qty

Thermo graphic camera 1 unit

Insulation tester (Megger) 1 unit

Digital Circuit Tester 1 unit

Clamp meter 1 unit

Electric Detector (for 6kV) 1 unit

Electric Detector (for AC/DC 400V) 1 unit

Insulated Rubber Gloves 1 pair

Insulated Rubber Boots 1 pair

7) Spare Parts and Consumables

Two percent (2%) of the total amount of the PV modules is planned as spare parts.

(2) System Design

The design condition of this system is as follows.

1) Meteorological Condition

Meteorological conditions for planning and designing the Project shall be in compliance with

the “2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions” and the engineering practice in Georgia shall

also be taken into consideration. (Refer to the following data).

1. Air Temperature

Annual average 19.3 deg C

Maximum in the past 40.3 deg C

Minimum in the past -16.3 deg C

Average in summer 18.9 deg C

Average in winter -3.0 deg C

Design temperature -20 deg C to 45 deg C

2-16

2. Air Humidity 53 to 82% (annual average 69.5%)

3. Wind pressure 1,120 N/sq m (for Ilia State University), 1,348 N/sq m (for TIA)

4. Rainfall Intensity 131mm/hour

5. Snow load 600 N/sq m

2) Condition for Electrical Requirements

1. Medium voltage power supply

6 kV 50Hz 3-phase 3-wire non-grounded

2. Low voltage power supply

Voltage and system 380V/220V 3-phase 4-wire system (TN-C)

Frequency 50Hz

Steady voltage fluctuation ％±4

Frequency fluctuation ％±0.02

3. Design conditions for the electrical equipment

Since the above-mentioned power supply condition indicates a steady fluctuation

range, the electrical equipment of the PV system adheres to the following design

conditions that reflect transient fluctuation range,

Voltage fluctuation ％±10 Steady fluctuation

Instantaneous voltage fluctuation ±15％

Frequency fluctuation ％±3 Steady fluctuation

Instantaneous frequency fluctuation ％± 5

3) System Requirements for the PV System

1. PV cells convert sunlight to direct current power and feed it to power conditioners.

2. The power conditioners convert this direct current into the alternating current that shall be synchronized with the voltage, frequency and phase of the grid. The alternating current from the power conditioners is distributed to the electrical load in the premises

3. If the power generated by the PV system exceeds the power demand of the premises, the power conditioners will control the output power in order to not reverse the surplus power to the grid.

4. The power conditioners are provided with protective functions that shut-off the connection between the grid and itself in case of its own faults or failures of the grid.

5. The data management and monitoring systems monitor the performance of the PV system and record the operating data.

6. The system shall be manually operated in time of a disaster if the commercial grid stops.

7. At TIA, power conditioners including the back up power conditioner will operate in rotation

8. At TIA, there is an existing backup generator so this generator and the PV system should not operate simultaneously.

2-17

4) Operation of the Power Conditioners

1. The power conditioners continually monitor the performance of the PV modules and start automatically when the output voltage of the PV modules reaches a set value.

2. Power conditioners automatically stop if either output voltage or power generated by the PV modules drops below a set value.

3. In principle, the PV system distributes generated power in the daytime only. The PV system automatically stops power distribution in case of a shortage of sunlight.

4. When operation of the PV system recovers, the power conditioners restart automatically after a specified period of delay time in order to avoid excessive run/stop cycling.

5. In case the alternating system connected to the PV system has an accident or the power conditioners themselves break down, the PV system is automatically shutdown and disconnects from the alternating system immediately.

6. In case an accident occurs in the grid, the PV system shuts down. When the grid recovers, the PV system restarts automatically after confirmation.

7. Before surplus power is generated, the power conditioners regulate output power so as to not reverse it to the grid.

8. If the commercial grid stops in time of disaster, the PV system is started up manually and independently to provide power to certain loads

9. The power conditioner should stop automatically when the backup generator starts its operation

5) Protection Measures for the PV System

In Georgia, no standards or guidelines relating to grid-connected PV systems have been

prepared. Therefore, the protection relays for the PV system are planned in accordance with

the “Guideline on interconnection system technology requirements for power quality” and

the “Grid-interconnection Code” in Japan. Types, number of phases and installation

locations are as shown in Table 2-6.

2-18

Table 2-6 Schedule of Protection Relays

Type of Protective relay No. of Phases Installation Location

Over Voltage Grounding Relay (OVGR) Operating voltage setting range: 2 to 30% (5-step preset value or more) Operating time setting range: 0.1 to 10 seconds (5-step preset value or more)

Zero phase Circuit

Reverse Power Relay (RPR) Operating power setting range: 0.25 to 10% 5-step preset value or more ) Operating time setting range: 0.1 to 10 seconds (5-step preset value or more )

1 phase

Voltage Relay (VR) Operating power setting range: 10 to 300V 5-step preset value or more ) Operating re-setting value range: 5 to 30% (TIA)

1 phase

Power receiving panel in the electric substation

or LV switchgear

Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Operating voltage setting range: 105-110-115-120% of rated voltage Operating time setting range: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

1 phase

Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Operating voltage setting range: 95-90-85-80% of rated voltage Functional Period: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

3 phases

Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Operating frequency setting range: 100.3-100.5-101-102% of rated frequency Operating time setting range: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

1 phase

Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Operating frequency setting range: 99.7-99.5-99-98% of rated frequency Operating time setting range: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

1 phase

Detection of islanding operation (Passive or active) Operating setting range: 3-5-7-9 Rad. Operating time setting range: 0.35-0.7-1.5-3.0seconds

－

Power conditioner

6) Grounding Works

The TN-C method in the IEC standard has been the local power distribution standard. A

grounding conductor is commonly used with the neutral conductor of the receiving

transformer and each piece of electrical equipment.

In this project, a substation including a neutral grounded transformer will be renewed at Ilia

State University. Therefore, the resistance value of the earth work for the substation should

be kept equal to or less than the existing one.

The power conditioner, supporting structure for PV modules, junction box, grid connecting

board and other devices of the PV system will be earthed. According to the Electrical

Facilities Engineering standards in Japan, these grounding works are classified as Class C

(grounding resistance value of 10 Ohms or less). Therefore, the grounding resistance value

of 10Ω or less will be applied to the system of this project and also grounding electrodes will

be independently embedded.

2-19

7) Security Plan

TIA is secured on a steady basis by the current security systems and there might be no need

for additional security measures for the TIA. Ilia State University will install security

cameras which monitor the PV system in this project. The power conditioner in Ilia State

University will be provided in a lockable outdoor type enclosure (the same type of enclosure

as the one of the outdoor substation).

(3) Construction Plan

Construction Plan for frames for the PV modules is as follows:

1) TIA

Frame structures for the PV system will be installed in the existing green area in the parking

lot (hereinafter referred as to Parking). This area was chosen because the shadow from the

terminal building should not reach this area. Also safety of the current parking spaces and

advertising panels, and showcase effect were taken into account. Some PV modules will be

installed in an open space at the parking side (hereinafter referred as to Open Space). During

construction work and operation and maintenance, safety has to be taken into account

because the Parking is always in service during its construction and operation.


Considering effective land use and showcase effect, frame structures for the PV modules will

be constructed along the main road in front of Ilia State University.

(4) System Outline of the PV System

The outlines of the PV systems of TIA (Parking and Open Space) and Ilia State University

were planned based on the equipment plan, system requirements and construction plan for

the frames as follows.

2-20

Table 2-7 System Outline at TIA


Implementing agency United Airports of Georgia

Location TIA (Parking and Open Space)

Location environment International Airport Parking in capital city of Tbilisi

Owner of the land United Airports of Georgia

Licensing United Airports of Georgia


Estimated amount of annual power generation

Approximately 329,000kWh3

Area of installation Approximately 4,100sq m

Use of power generated Electric power in the terminal building

Reduction of CO2 emission 182.594t/year4

Figure 2-4 Perspective at TIA (Parking and Open Space)

3 Estimated annual power generation: 329,000kWh

Parking: 210kW×3.97kWh/sq m/d×365d×Slope Coefficient 1.057×Insolation Coefficient 0.977×Integrated Design Coefficient 0.7=219,000kWh

Open Space: 100kW×3.97kWh/sq m/d×365d×Slope Coefficient 1.093×Insolation Coefficient 1.0×Integrated Design Coefficient 0.7=110,000kWh

4 Reduction of CO2 emission: 329,000kWh×Emission Coefficient 0.555/1,000=182.59t

2-21

Table 2-8 Outline at Ilia State University


Implementing agency Ilia State University

Location Ilia State University premises

Location environment Center of the capital city of Tbilisi

Owner of the land Ilia State University

Licensing Ilia State University


Estimated amount of annual power generation

Approximately 32,000kWh5

Area of installation Approximately 420sq m

Use of power generated Electric power in university campus

Reduction of CO2 emission 17.76t/year6

Figure 2-5 Perspective at Ilia State University

5 Estimated annual power generation:

37kW×3.97kWh/sq m/d×365d×Slope Coefficient 1.052×Insolation Coefficient 0.83×Integrated Design Coefficient 0.7=32,000kWh

6 Reduction of CO2 emission: 32,000kWh×Emission Coefficient 0.555/1,000=17.76t

2-22

(5) Estimated Electricity Generation by the PV Systems

The estimated annual power generation and reduction of CO2 emission are calculated as

follows;

1) TIA

1. Estimated Annual Power Generation

Parking

Annual power generation (kWh/year)

= PV module capacity (kW) × Average solar radiation (kWh/sq m/d) × 365(d)

× Slope Coefficient × Radiation Coefficient × Integrated Design Coefficient

= 210kW × 3.97kWh/sq m/d × 365d × 1.057 × 0.977 × 0.7

= 219,000kWh/year

Open Space

Annual power generation (kWh/year)

= PV module capacity (kW) × Average solar radiation (kWh/sq m/d) × 365(d)

× Slope Coefficient × Radiation Coefficient × Integrated Design Coefficient

= 100kW × 3.97kWh/sq m/d × 365d × 1.093 × 1.0 × 0.7

= 110,000kWh/year

Total

= 219,000kWh/year+ 110,000kWh/year=329,000kWh/yea

2. Estimated annual reduction of CO2 emission

Annual reduction of CO2 emission (ton/year)

= Annual power generation (kWh/year) × Emission Coefficient

= 329,000kWh/year × 0.555/1,000

= 182.59ton/year

3. Calculation Base

Average solar radiation : 3.97kWh/sq m/d (From Figure 2-2)

Slope Coefficient : Coefficient of specific direction and tilting angle against the

horizontal solar radiation

Radiation Coefficient : Appendix 6, Solar Radiation Simulation

Total Coefficient : 0.7

*Total Coefficient is quoted from “Guideline of the

introduction to the PV power generation, NEDO in 2000”

Emission Coefficient : 0.555kg- CO2/kWh

* Emission Coefficient is quoted from guideline of the

Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan.

2-23


1. Estimated Annual Power Generation

Annual Power Generation (kWh/year)

= PV module capacity (kW) × Average solar radiation (kWh/sq m/d) × 365(d) ×

Slope Coefficient × Radiation Coefficient × Integrated Design Coefficient

= 37kW × 3.97kWh/sq m/d × 365d × 1.052 × 0.83 × 0.7

= 32,000kWh/year

2. Estimated Annual Reduction of CO2 Emission

Annual Reduction of CO2 Emission (ton/year)

= Annual Power Generation (kWh/year) × Emission Coefficient

= 32,000kWh/year × 0.555/1,000

= 17.76ton/year

3. Calculation Base

The same as above.

(6) Impact of Interconnection of the PV System

1) TIA

The electric power is supplied to the site by two 6 kV distribution lines in underground

cables from TELASI Airport substation which is located 3.0 km from the site. These two

distribution lines with 185sqmm cable conductor size are dedicated to the site, so there will

be no voltage effects to low-voltage consumers around the area by the PV system connecting

to the grid.


The electricity is provided to the Ilia State University through a 6kV underground cable from

BAGEB substation which is located 1.5km away, the cable size 50sqmm from the site.

Voltage of general low voltage consumers adjacent to the site is as mentioned below.

1. PV System without Reverse Power Flow

The total connected load is estimated to be 200kW, which is much higher than the PV

electricity capacity of 37 kW, therefore no reverse power flow is presumed. The

voltage of general low-voltage consumers adjacent to the site will be 218 V under the

conditions below, which is within the target value range (212V to 228V) of TELASI.

PV electricity capacity: 37 kW

Ratio of distribution transformer: 6.3kV/400-230V

Power factor: 0.6 lag

Improved power factor: 0.85

2. PV System with Reverse Power Flow

The voltage of general low-voltage consumers adjacent to the site can be calculated as

2-24

219V under conditions below. This value is within the target value range (212V to

228V) of TELASI.

Power demand in Ilia State University drops to 27kW

Generating capacity is 37kW

Other conditions are equal to the case i)

(7) Direction and Tilting Angle of PV Modules

1) TIA

Theoretically the most efficient power generation direction of PV modules is direct south

and tilting angle is 30 degrees. Therefore PV modules in the Open Space will be installed to

direct south with 30 degrees. Meanwhile, the PV modules in Parking can not be set toward

direct south. In this case south west (133 degrees) is the most efficient of all the feasible

directions. Tilting angle of 25 degrees is chosen because it maximizes generating efficiency

given this direction. In addition, the PV modules will be affected by shadow from the

southern terminal building. Therefore the PV modules will be installed at a distance of 40

meters from the building. This limits the decrease in generation capacity by shadow to

approximately 3% in Parking and 1.5% in total.


The direction of the PV module is set almost toward direct south (89 degrees) considering

the existing building condition and area border. The tilting angle is set at 10 degrees taking

into account the installation area and shadow from its own building. The decrease in

generation capacity amounts to 4% compared with the one by the best title of 30 degrees. In

addition, the PV modules are subject to be affected by shadow from the southern and

northern buildings of the university and the western building with a height of 56 meters,

(under construction) and that amounts to 17% of the total generation capacity.

(8) Reflection of Solar Light from PV Modules

1) TIA

As a result of the study on PV module direction and tilting angle, there is a possibility that

reflection from the PV modules in Parking during the spring to autumn season will affect

drivers on the road south-west of the panel. During the summer season there is also a risk of

reflection affecting pilots in airplanes landing from the north-west route. Therefore, anti-

reflective PV modules will be employed for the site.


As a result of the study on the PV module direction and tilting angle, reflection from the PV

module during the spring to autumn season may affect drivers on the road south-west.

Therefore, anti-reflective PV modules will be employed for the site.

2-25

2-2-2-2 Equipment Plan

Specifications for the equipment to be provided for project based on consideration and analysis

described “2-2-2-1 Overall Plan” are shown in Table 2-9 and Table 2-10.

Table 2-9 Equipment Specifications Plan for TIA





modules 1 set

To fix the PV modules on the frame structure and concrete foundation

Rotation operation control

panel

DC electromagnetic contactor, changing-over switch, yearly timer and others Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set Four out of five power conditioners will operate in rotation

Power conditioners

Rated capacity: not less than 310kW (including step-up transformers) More than five sets (including

one back-up) are combined and synchronized power conversion efficiency: not less than 90% Output harmonic: less or equal to ％5 in total, less or equal to 3%

each Output power factor: not less than 0.95 Protective relay: Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Detection of islanding

operation (Passive and active) Manual operation start-up Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set


Junction Box




Alternative current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP20


Power Factor Improvement

Static Capacitor Board

Rating: 3P 3W 380V 50Hz Main circuit breaker: MCCB Capacitor: equivalent to 400kVA Series reactor: equivalent to 24kVA (L=6%) Automatic power factor control Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set To improve the power factor of receiving points

2-26


Data Management and

Monitoring Systems

Personal computer LCD （ 15 inch ） or more Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS （ Capacity of 10 minutes or

）more Color printer (Size: up to A3) Software for data monitoring Software for large display

1 set

To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set To operate the indoor type large display

Pyranometer 1 set To observe solar radiation Meteorological observation instruments Thermometer 1 set To observe air temperature

Large display Size: not less than 100-inch (Liquid crystal, PDP or LED)










Table 2-10 Equipment Specification Plan for Ilia State University





modules 1 set To fix the PV modules on the frame structure

Power conditioners

Rated capacity: not less than 37kW (including step-up transformers) More than four sets are combined and synchronized power conversion efficiency: not less than 90% Output harmonic: less or equal to 5％ in total, less or equal to 3% each Output power factor: not less than 0.95 Protective relay: Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Detection of islanding

operation (Passive and active) Manual operation start-up Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

1 set


2-27


Junction Box




Alternating current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP20


Electric substation

Receiving voltage: 3-phase 3-wire 6 kV50Hz Main circuit breaker: VCB3P630A Transformer: 250 kVA 3-phase 3-wire 4W380/220V Protective relay: OVGR, OCR, RPR, PT Ingress Protection: not less than IP53

1 set To interconnect the PV system with the grid. Protection relays are built in the system

Data management and

monitoring systems

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or

more) Color printer (Size: up to A3 ) Software for data monitoring Software for external large display

1 set

To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set

Data management and

monitoring systems for education

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or

more) Color printer (Size: up to A3 )

1 set To educate students

Pyranometer 1 set To observe solar radiation Meteorological observation instruments Thermometer 1 set To observe air temperature

Large display Size: not less than 60- inch (Liquid crystal, PDP or LED)










2-28

2-2-2-3 Frame Structure Plan

Design policies for the structural frames to support the PV modules are as follows:

(1) Site Plan

1) TIA

Parking space in front of TIA Terminal Building as a main gateway is capable of holding

330 cars and an arrival and departure point for public transport by trains, buses and taxis as

well as to connect between the airport and city center. Therefore the showcase effect has to

be considered and effective land use is also important and some area under the PV modules

will be used safely as pedestrian walkways and a parking lot. Under these basic policies, the

installation location was selected considering shadow effect brought by the southern terminal

building. PV modules will also be installed in the Open Space at the parking side.


Showcase effect has to be considered as a high priority because the installation site, Ilia State

University, is located close to the city center and faces a heavy trafficked main road.

Effective land use is also taken into account and area under the PV modules, currently used

as green space, will be utilized as pedestrian walkways and green space. Under these basic

policies, the installation location was selected considering shadow effect brought by the

existing university building.

(2) Basic Plan

1) TIA

In the Parking area, the frame structure will be installed in the central green zone in

Parking, avoiding the shadow effect brought by the southern terminal building and

interferences with underground installation in the northern green zone. In particular,

safety and parking capacity were given the most importance in the planning.

Furthermore, some space for maintenance of outdoor lights and PV modules will be

installed keeping away from each lamp post.

As for the structure, columns should be steel, which is general in Georgia. Spread

foundations (independent footings) will be adopted for the foundation structure based

on the field study.

Re-bar spread foundations (independent footings) will be adopted for the basement of

the foundation structure

Lighting fixtures and their electric supply for night time will be installed.

In the Open Space, the PV modules will be installed on the ground because the area is

wide enough and will not be affected by sunshade

2-29


The frame structure is to be designed so that natural light and ventilation in the existing

building as well as the installation area are ensured. Therefore, the PV modules should

not be set close to each other and column capitals of the frame structure should be

connected with joists for effective use of space while taking into account power

generating efficiency.

As for the structures, columns should be reinforced concrete, which is general in

Georgia.

Spread foundations (independent footings) will be adopted for the foundation structure.

Large displays for monitoring the PV generating system and measuring equipment for

educational purposes are to be installed. In addition, an existing sub-station shall be

replaced.

(3) Layout Plan

1) TIA

a) Parking

Parking space is sometimes not adequate at peak hour. Therefore, for avoiding

interference with the current parking spaces, a structurally independent frame

structure will be constructed above the green zone on which the PV modules are

planned to be installed.

Due to shadow effect brought by the terminal building in the southern green zone

and the many existing advertising panels and manholes in the northern green zone,

the frame structure is planned to be constructed in the central green zone in the

Parking area.

Area for columns and foundation structures for the frame structure is limited and

the foundation structure must be kept away from existing underground facilities and

structures.

Attention should be paid for preserving the existing green zone, ensuring

illuminance into the existing parking and not interfering with advertising panels in

the limited area.

Lightning and ventilation under the frame structure will be considered. Safety of the

supporting structure has priority in planning.

b) Open Space

Low-height concrete foundations will be prepared and the PV modules and

supporting structures will be installed on them because the area is wide enough.

The PV modules should be set far enough apart from each other so that there should

be no shadow effects because the tilting angle of PV modules is 30 degrees

2-30


Due to the deterioration and unsound structure of the building of Ilia State University,

a structurally independent frame structure will be constructed and the PV modules are

planned to be installed on it, instead of on the roof or wall of the building.

Colonnades will be installed along the main road on which the PV modules are

planned to be installed to avoid any negative effect on the roads and Parking lot in the

compound.

Utilization of the area under the frame structure will be assured considering lightning

and ventilation.

The layout plans for frames (Figure 2-6 and Figure 2-7) are shown below.

2-31

0 10 20 30 40 50 m

N

Tbilisi City

Existing Lamp Post

Terminal Building

DepartureGate

ArrivalGate

Figure 2-6 TIA Frame Layout Plan

2-32

0 5 10 15 20 25 m

Five-Story Building

Four-Story Building

AdjacementBuilding

N

Figure 2-7 Ilia State University Frame Structure Layout Plan

(4) Section Plan

1) TIA

In the Parking area, the PV modules are to be set an average of 5.1m from the ground in

height, at a slope of 25 degrees. Based on the utilization plan in Georgia, the lowest height

under joists for the frame structure is to be 4.0m. Meanwhile existing underground

installations shall be carefully protected. In the Open Space, the PV modules will be set to

direct south and installed on the ground.

2-33

Figure 2-8 TIA Frame Structure Section Plan (Parking)

Figure 2-9 TIA Supporting Structure Section Plan (Open Space)


The PV modules are to be installed from 2.8m to 4.0m in height, beyond people’s reach, to

ensure safety at the entrance of the parking lot.

2-34

Figure 2-10 Ilia State University Frame Structure Section Plan

(5) Structure Plan

1) Design Policy

The structural design for the project shall be formulated after a full review of the existing site

conditions. In principle, the structure form shall be designed in consideration of the

deflection in the long-term load, the vibration, and so on. It also shall have satisfactory safety

at the time of the short-term load (earthquakes or wind load) without degradation of the

strength of the building. Furthermore, simple construction methods and durable structural

form shall be adopted.

2) Structural Design Standard

As for structural design, Georgian standard law shall be conformed to basically. If necessary,

the structural design standard of the Architectural Institute of Japan shall be referred to for

analysis methods and structure designs. Though it’s already confirmed that local mill

certificates meet the requirements of various material standards such as JIS, ASTM, BS and

so on, in general JIS shall be conformed to in the structural design.

3) Construction Method

As for the construction method, reinforced concrete structures and steel structures are

adopted, which are popular and economical in Georgia.

4) Seismic Design

As for seismic design criteria, the base shear coefficient adopted for the superstructure shall

be Co=0.2 (the Building Standards Law of Japan). The wind load can affect the structure in

either an upward or downward direction. Therefore, whichever is greater shall be adopted for

the structural calculation.

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5) Wind Resistant Design

Due to wind load from the upward and downward direction, the structural design condition

of wind velocity of 30m/sec shall be adopted for the bearing force of the PV modules and

strength calculation of the supporting structure, foundation and its anchor bolts. In addition,

the design wind pressure of 1,120 N/sq m is adopted in accordance with the calculation

method of wind load defined by the Japanese Building Code, considering that the project site

is located inland and belongs to “Ground roughness classification 3.” However, complying

with a request to meet the design standard for the terminal building, wind velocity of

40m/sec and design wind pressure of 1,348 N/sq m shall be adopted for TIA.

6) Snow Resistant Design

Since 170mm maximum snow fall has been recorded in Tbilisi area, snow load of 600 N/sq

m is to be adopted under the assumption that maximum snow fall is presumed to be 300mm.

7) Material

Reinforcing bar Round steel bar φ6～φ9

Deformed bar SD295A D10～D16

Deformed bar SD345 D20～D25

Structural steel Molded steel, Steel plate SS400, SSC400

(6) Utilities Plan

1) Mechanical works

a) Water Supply and Drainage System

The annual rainfall of 450mm～500mm, which is less than one third of that in Japan, is

expected to clean dust off of the PV modules. In addition, a water supply system in the

existing building is also available. Therefore, a water supply system for cleaning will not

be installed.

b) Air-conditioning System

The existing LV Switchgear room at TIA is already equipped with ventilation systems,

which are adequate for the apparatus such as the power conditioner or capacitor board.

Therefore, there is no need for additional air-conditioning or ventilation systems.

At Ilia State University, the power conditioners will be installed in purpose-built boxes,

the box shall be air-conditioned and air-tight in order to prevent dust and sand entering

from outside.

(7) Electrical works

1) Power Supply System

The incoming switchgear at TIA was installed four years ago and has enough space for

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installing the protective relays necessary for the PV system. Therefore, the new protective

relays shall be installed to the existing incoming switchgear. Signal cables from these

protective relays to the power conditioner will be installed on the existing cable tray in the

trench installed under the Parking.

At Ilia State University, there is not enough space for installing necessary protective relays in

the existing electric substation, therefore the existing electric substation shall be replaced

with a new substation for the protective relays. The new electric substation will be located

next to the existing one and capacity of the transformer will be the same because the electric

loads are identical. Due to renewal of the electric substation, the existing middle voltage (3-

phase 3-wire 6kV) lead-in cable will be connected to the new electric substation. In addition,

a low voltage main cable will be connected between the new electric substation and the

existing main distribution board. The distribution system of the low voltage main cable will

be 3-phase 4-wire 380V/22V.

2) Emergency Power Equipment

UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply System) are to be installed to the computers, monitoring

system and so on which need special care for voltage fluctuation and instantaneous power

failure.

3) Lighting System

At the TIA site, the PV modules will block the light from the existing pole lights, and it is

assumed that the illumination under the PV modules at night will be darker than the present

condition. Therefore, in consideration of the safety and to prevent crime, the present

brightness shall be ensured.

At Ilia State University site, the lighting system shall ensure necessary brightness under the

PV panels for pedestrians and drivers at night.

Taking into account the maintenance and running cost, LED will be adopted as an illuminant.

The lighting system will be automatically controlled by timer and photo-switch. The

distribution system for the lighting system and outlets will be single phase 2-wire 220V.

4) Wiring Design

At the TIA site, power distribution cables (from the PV modules to the power conditioner)

shall be installed on the existing cable tray in the trench installed under the Parking

At Ilia State University site, power distribution cables (from the power conditioners to the

electric substation) shall be installed in the existing university buildings.

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2-2-3 Outline of the Design Drawings

The following is an outline of the basic design drawings of the PV system, equipment layout and

supporting structure etc, for both project sites planned based on “2-2-2-2 Equipment plan”.

TIA PV-01-A PV System Outline

PV-02-A PV Module Installation Plan, Equipment Installation Plan

PV-03-A PV System Diagram

A-01-A Installation Plan

A-02-A Plan

A-03-A Section and Elevation

Ilia State University PV-01-U PV System Outline

PV-02-U PV Module Installation Plan, Equipment Installation Plan

PV-03-U PV System Diagram

A-01-U Installation Plan

A-02-U Plan, Section and Elevation

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.Mar. 2012

PV SYSTEM OUTLINENONE PV-01-A

K. YAMAZAKIH. KATO

THE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM

TBILISHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT-GEORGIA

(TIA)

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I

H

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F

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C

B

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01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

BUSNO PARKING

NO PARKING

NO

PA

RK

ING

NO

PA

RK

ING

NO

PA

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ING

NO

PA

RK

ING

NO

PA

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NO

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PV-02-A

K. YAMAZAKIH. KATO

Mar. 2012

1/1000 PV SYSTEM LAYOUTTHE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM

TBILISHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT-GEORGIA ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.

MO

DM

LD

PCSSC ROC

(TIA)

18000

8000

12000

18700

30‹

GCB

2-40

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.Mar. 2012

PV SYSTEM DIAGRAMNONE PV-03-A

K. YAMAZAKIH. KATO

THE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM

TBILISHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT-GEORGIA

(TIA)

2-41

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2-2-4 Implementation Plan

2-2-4-1 Implementation Policy

(1) Basic Points

1) Implementation Scheme

This Project shall be implemented according to the implementation scheme of the

organizations concerned illustrated in

Figure 2-11 and in accordance with the implementation procedures of the grant aid of Japan

for Environment and Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as “GAEC”).

Government of Japan

JICA G/A

E/N

Supervision of Implementation

Contract

Japanese Consultant

Contract

Supplier

United Airports of Georgia Ilia State University

Consultative Committee

Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia

Procurement Agency

(Government of Georgia) (Government of Japan)

Procurement & Construction Supervision

Figure 2-11 Project Implementation Scheme

2) Exchange of Notes (E/N)

The contents of GAEC shall be decided by the exchange of notes (E/N) to be signed between

Georgia and the Government of Japan. Project objectives, implementation schedule, terms

and conditions, amount of grant and so on shall be enumerated in the E/N based on the

confirmation.

3) Details of Procedures

Details of procedures on procurement and services under GAEC will be agreed between the

authorities of the two governments concerned at the time of the signing of the Grant

Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “G/A”).

Essential points to be agreed are outlined as follows:

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i) The purpose and budget of the project

ii) Period of the project

iii) Application of the Procurement Guidelines:

At the procurement of products or services stage, “The Procurement Guidelines of

Japan's Grant Aid for the Environment and Climate Programme” shall be applied

iv) The scope of works by the Recipient Country

4) The Procurement Agency

The procurement agency shall be in charge of a series of procurement procedures, such as

tender, contracts with consultants and suppliers in terms of construction and procurement,

financial management of the project including payment, progress management etc. in

accordance with the contract with the recipient country. Technical parts of the tender

documents and supervision for construction and procurement are included in the scope of

works by consultants for the project.

(2) Utilization of Local Transportation Company

This project is located in Tbilisi urban area. The transportation routes are between Japan and

the port of Batumi in Georgia and between the port of Batumi and Tbilisi urban area. It

would be appropriate to employ a Japanese transportation company for the transportation

between Japan and the port of Batumi in Georgia to provide smooth and reliable equipment

shipping to maintain the project schedule. On the other hand, between the port of Batumi and

Tbilisi urban area, it would be effective to utilize local transportation companies under the

supervision of the Japanese transportation company in order to achieve project installation

work within the intended time period and with required quality because they are familiar

with the local transportation situation.

(3) Utilization of Local Firms for Equipment Installation

Local companies (including local contractors) have no experience, sufficient knowledge or

abilities to install PV systems of the size to be procured by the project. Thus, a Japanese

firm shall be the prime contractor of the project and oversee the entire installation work. It

would be possible to carry out economical and high quality installation work by using local

firms if they have been provided with appropriate training and guidance under the

supervision of the prime contractor.

(4) Utilization of Local Consultants

Although there are some local consultants in Georgia capable of providing architectural and

civil engineering services, there are no such local consultants that have sufficient knowledge

of PV systems or that can conduct the consulting service impartially. In general, it is

evaluated that local consultants including architecture and civil engineering fields don’t have

enough experience to become a prime consultant to handle a large scale project such as

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foreign assistance projects. For this reason, local consultants will be utilized as the sub-

consultants of the Japanese consultant for the project and transfer of technologies will be

provided to them through project implementation.

2-2-4-2 Implementation Conditions

As mentioned above in 2-2-1-9 Policy for Installation and Construction, installation and

construction work shall be conducted in operation of airport and school. Therefore, the safety of

tourists, employees, students and faculty shall be secured.

Local firms don’t have experience, sufficient knowledge or abilities required for the project. Thus,

unpacking of equipment, construction of the supporting structures and installation work are to be

conducted by local firms after training by the Japanese PV system engineer. Adjustment of

equipment, trial operation, and initial operation guidance for the PV systems are to be conducted by

the Japanese PV system engineers.

2-2-4-3 Scope of Works

The Scope of works by the Georgian side is shown in the Table 2-11.

Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Georgian Side

No. Components To be covered by

the project To be covered by

Georgian Side

1 Space for the installation of equipment and materials 2 Indoor space for the installation of equipment and materials 3 Space for construction materials 4 Connecting leading-in cable to the new substation 5 Cost of equipment and construction materials 6 Cost of packing and shipping equipment and construction materials

7 Cost of domestic transportation of equipment and construction materials

8 Cost of delivering, installing and adjusting equipment 9 Cost of soft components 10 Tax exemption 11 Miscellaneous help for Japanese personnel

12 Establish a bank account in a certain bank in Japan under the name of the government of Georgia and issue of authority to pay to the bank

13 Space for temporary storage of equipment and construction materials and approach road during implementation period

14 Site office during implementation period 15 Cutting branches of existing trees (Ilia State University) 16 Removal of existing walls and revetment (Ilia State University) 17 Installation of security camera (Ilia State University） 18 Reconnection of the existing incoming cables between substation and

existing main switchboard (Ilia State University)

19 Protection devices in the existing electric substation 20 Signal cables between the protection devices and power conditioner

(TIA)

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2-2-4-4 Consultant Supervision

The Japanese consultant will engage in the supervision and procurement for the project pursuant to

the following policies.

The PV system is composed of two components; the PV system and the data management

and monitoring system. Thus, the consultants should make sure that technical specifications

cover interface parts of these systems.

The consultants will supervise the installation and construction works at both sites so as to

enable the said works to be completed within the specified time schedule by monitoring the

work progress as necessary.

The Consultant will monitor the progress of technology transfer to be provided by the

supplier/contractor so that the staff of the Implementing Agency may be able to acquire

reasonable know-how about the installation, adjustment and testing of the equipment.

The Consultant will collect security related information and will share the same with the

supplier/contractor to assure the safety of their staff and personnel.

Under these policies, as part of the supervision work of the consultant for this Project, the

consultant will station one management engineer at the project site and another expert engineer will

be dispatched in accordance with the progress of the installation and construction works. In Japan,

during manufacturing or before shipping the equipment, the consultant will witness the testing and

inspection of equipment and materials at manufacturer’s plants during manufacturing to confirm

that the equipment and materials meet the specifications. The consultant will engage in the

following supervision work;

Confirmation and approval of manufacturing drawings, and necessary documents for

equipment and materials

Attending factory tests

Supervising the progress and safety control of the supplier

Attending equipment installation, adjustment and trial-run

Approval of acceptance test procedures and plans

Attending the acceptance testing (final inspection) and issuing of completion certificates.

Executing technical assistance (Soft Component)

Preparation of monthly and completion reports to be submitted to the related organizations.

2-2-4-5 Quality Control Plan

(1) Inspection and Acceptance Test Implementation Plan (equipment work)

1) Basic policy

During the period of manufacturing of the equipment, the Consultant shall review all shop

drawings for the equipment and installation and construction works to be submitted by the

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contractor in terms of conformity with the contract documents and technical specifications

and shall give necessary approvals.

And further, during the period of the installation and construction works, the consultant will

check the statement of methodology including implementation structure, installation and

construction schedules, sequence of installation and construction, and so on and provide the

approvals.

2) Quality Inspection by the Consultant

As for the quality inspection for the equipment, the following inspections and acceptance

tests shall be conducted

a) Factory Inspection

Prior to the shipment of the equipment out of the factory, each and all equipment are to be

inspected as to their conformity with required specifications and performance tests for the

systems are also to be conducted.

b) Collation Inspection prior to Shipment

Though quantities of the principal equipment shall be confirmed at the time of the factory

inspection, quantities of all equipment are also to be confirmed during collation

inspection prior to shipment to be conducted by a third party inspection agency. Place of

inspection is the manufacturer’s packing warehouse.

c) Acceptance Test and Handover

After completion of guidance on operation, counterparts of the Project with the presence

of the consultant, will verify required efficiency/performance and function. Acceptance

testing is to be conducted by operating the actual PV systems.

After completion of the acceptance tests, results of the tests are to be confirmed among

the counterparts, the consultant and the contractor. Then, the Project will be handed over

to the Implementation Agency.

(2) Quality Control Plan (construction work)

1) Basic Policy

At the time of preparation of the proposed tender documents, the outline design drawings are

to be prepared after reviewing construction details using local materials and widely adopted

local construction methods giving consideration to the construction situation in Georgia and

the maintenance cost. As for the technical specifications, reference is made to Georgian

Standard, Japanese Architectural Standard Specification (JASS), Japan Industrial Standard

(JIS), British Standard (BS), and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and

so on in order to secure high quality of the construction and installation works.

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During the construction period, the consultant will check of all the submittals from the

contractor such as the supporting structures construction plans, the construction schedules,

and shop drawings in terms of conformity of such submittals with the contract documents

and technical specifications, and provide necessary approvals.

2) Quality Inspection by the Consultant

On site, the consultant will review and/or examine the statement of methodology and

material sample in terms of conformity of the construction materials and construction quality

with the relevant technical specifications and give necessary approvals prior to the

commencement of each category of the construction work. After the commencement of each

category of the construction work, the consultant will conduct inspections as necessary in

accordance with check sheets highlighting important check points prepared based on the

approved statement of methodology.

Although all construction materials used for the project can be procured locally, random

inspection is to be conducted as necessary in order to secure the required quality in addition

to obtaining manufacturer’s warranties.

a) Earth Work and Foundation Work

Since the extent of the area for construction of the concrete foundation for installation of

the PV modules is quite large, appropriate work plans and curing plans are to be prepared

with consideration of earth excavation, curing of excavated surfaces, placing of concrete,

backfilling and compaction and so on.

b) Re-bar Work

The consultant will confirm the mill certificates prepared by the manufacturer and

submitted by the contractor. At the same time, the consultant also will conduct random

inspections of the reinforcing steel bars regarding the yield strength in terms of

conformity with the relevant technical specifications.

The consultant will review the shop drawings and inspect re-bar arrangement regarding

joints, anchorage, quantities, concrete coverage, and so on for each element of reinforced

concrete structures.

c) Concrete Work

There are several ready mixed concrete plants in Tbilisi where the project will be

implemented. They are located at a distance of within one hour by delivery truck from

the project site and the daily production capacity, the materials storage condition and the

quality control in production are acceptable. The items of inspections and their

methodologies for quality control of concrete, which shall be conducted by the contractor

with the presence of the consultant, are described as follows:

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1. Materials for concrete Material Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Cement Hydration heat Dissolution heat

Grading Sieve analysis

Absolute dry specific gravity Specific gravity and water absorption test

Sand/ Gravel/ Crushed Stone

Alkali aggregate reaction Alkali-reactive test

Water Organic impurities etc. Water quality test

2. Trial mix for ready-mixed concrete Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Compressive strength Compression test machine

Slump Slump cone

Concrete humidity Hygrometer

Air content Manometer

Chloride volume Measuring instrument for salt

3. Inspection before casting concrete Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Time taken for mixing and casting concrete Review log book / stop watch

Slump Slump cone

Concrete temperature Thermometer

Air contents Manometer / Air pressure gauge

Chloride volume Chloride test paper

4. Inspection of completed concrete work Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Compressive strength for structural concrete Schmidt hammer

Accuracy / precision (plumb) Plum bob, measuring tape

Accuracy / precision (floor slab levelness) Auto level, measuring tape

Finish Visual inspection

2-2-4-6 Procurement Plan

(1) Suppliers of Equipment and Materials

The major items to be procured under the project are shown below,

Principal Equipment;

PV Modules

Power Conditioner (Inc. insulated transformers or step up transformers)

Rotation Operation Control Panel

Non-principal Equipment;

Junction Box


Main Isolation Switch

LV switchgear

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Electric Substation including transformer

Power Conditioner Outer Case

PV Distribution Board for Islanded Operation

Distribution Board for Outdoor Light

Grounding Terminal Board

Large Display

Data Management and Monitoring Systems (Personal Computer: Including data

processing software)

Meteorological observation Instruments (Pyranometer, Thermometer)

Frame Structure

Power cables

Control cables

Piping Materials

Handholes

Grounding materials


Construction materials for installation/construction including concrete materials

Cables, cement, aggregate, reinforcing steel bars, mold forms and so on which fulfill the

international standards are widely spread through local markets and are available. As for the

procurement from overseas, the equipment is to be procured from Japan as explained in

Section 2-2-1-8 (2)

(2) Procurement Plan

The procurement contract shall include responsibility for design, manufacture, coating,

factory testing and inspection, packing, transportation, installation, testing by the suppliers,

acceptance inspection pursuant to the specification of equipment prepared by the consultant,

and delivery after fully confirming the operation by site tests and inspection. The suppliers

will obtain approval for inland transportation and installation, prepare necessary materials

for work at each site, and fully discuss with the executing agency.

(3) Transportation Plan

1) Equipment and Materials to be Procured in Georgia

As for equipment and materials to be procured in Georgia (mostly construction materials for

equipment installation and architectural works), the contractor/supplier shall purchase them

from local firms and deliver them to each project site.

2) Equipment and Materials to be Procured in Japan

Equipment and materials to be procured in Japan are to be shipped from the port of

Yokohama to the port of Batumi and carried on trucks from the port of Batumi to each

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project site. The port of Batumi is one of the best operated ports and deals with 75% of the

domestic port products. The delivery from the port of Batumi to each project site generally

takes ten hours on trucks without trouble or difficulty.

3) Classification of Equipment Transportation

As for the inland transportation in Tbilisi, trailer or container trucks are adopted for delivery

of equipment and materials. Considering the procurement of local trucks and transportation

route, only 20 feet containers which are less than 23 tons in total weight are to be adopted.

2-2-4-7 Operational Guidance Plan

As the grid connected PV systems planned in this project are to be introduced for the first time for

UAG, TAV, Ilia State University and TELASI staff, it is indispensable to provide guidance on

initial operation in order to realize sustainable operation of the PV systems. The initial operation

guidance plan for the project is as follows.

(1) Contents of Initial Operation Guidance

The initial operation guidance will be given to the operation and maintenance staff by the

engineers who have been engaged in the installation work for the PV system which consist

of the PV modules, junction boxes, grid connecting board and the power conditioners which

are the main components of the PV system, along with the data management and monitoring

systems, the large display, the meteorological observation instruments and the distribution

board which are supplementary equipment. The contents and methods of the initial

operation guidance are as shown in Table 2-12 below.

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Table 2-12 Initial Operational Guidance for the PV system

Content Guidance Method

To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the PV modules, confirmation of module connections, and measurement of grounding resistance.

To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the junction box, grid connecting board, rotation operation control panel and LV switchgear for PV system, confirmation of their connection with the PV modules and the power conditioners, confirmation of insulation resistance, open voltage, polarity, etc.

To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the junction box, grid connecting board, rotation operation control panel, LV switchgear for PV system, confirmation of their connection with relay terminal boxes and substation equipment, confirmation of insulation resistance and phase rotation, method of measurement of grounding resistance, etc.

To provide guidance on visual inspection items for substation equipment, confirmation of connection with power conditioners, and main incoming cable, insulation resistance, grounding resistance, phase rotation, etc.

To provide guidance on protection switching gears and relays to be equipped with the power conditioners and substation equipment, confirmation of their functions and method of setting.

To provide guidance on method of operation and shut-off, and method of measurement such as voltage of power to be generated and received.

To provide guidance on connection between the personal computer (PC) and the power conditioners, the large display, and operation of the data management and monitoring systems and the large display.

To provide guidance on connection of the watt-hour meter and reading quantity of power being generated, power demand and quantity of power being sold through the grid.

To provide guidance on visual inspection items for meteorology observation instruments, confirmation of their connection, and collection and handling the data.

Initial Operation: To explain equipment operation and provide guidance including on-the-job training for equipment handling and operation by using the operation manuals and to confirm trainees’ learning level i.e. proficiency.

(2) Implementation Plan

After installing, setting and trial operation for the PV system at both sites, the initial

operation guidance is to be conducted for two weeks at the each site by one Japanese

engineer and one local engineer who will be engaged in related works.

2-2-4-8 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan

(1) Necessity of the Soft-Component Works (Technical Assistance)

UAG, TAV, Ilia State University and TELASI will be operating and maintaining a PV

system for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary for operation and management staff to

understand the basic principles and operation procedures of the PV system. Furthermore, the

work flow, which consists of collection, compilation, analysis and recording with respect to

power generating and meteorological data, must be formulated.

It is indispensable to communicate and collaborate with TELASI in order to ensure secure,

stable and safe operation of the PV system which is connected to the grid owned by TELASI.

Therefore, participation in the soft component from TELASI is essential.

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Accordingly, the JICA study team proposed implementation of a soft component covering all

aspects of the above items, aiming at smooth and sustainable operation of the PV system.

(2) Goals of the Soft Component

Goals of the soft component are as follows;

The trainees obtain the ability to appropriately operate and maintain the PV system

The trainees obtain the ability to operate the interconnection system to the grid

including the countermeasures to address system troubles

The trainees obtain the ability to utilize the power generating and meteorological data

(3) Target Group (Trainees) of the Soft Component No. Target group (trainees) Items No. of trainees

1 UAG PV system maintenance staff

All items above 3

2 TAV PV system maintenance staff

All items above 5

3 Ilia State University PV system maintenance staff

All items above 10

4 TELASI Electricity distribution manager and distribution transformer maintenance staff

All items above 10

Total 28

(4) Contents of the Soft Component

The contents of the Soft Component Training Program consist of three groups as follows: a)

Operation and maintenance method of the PV system, b) Operation and maintenance of the

interconnection system to the grid, and c) Utilization of power generating and meteorological

data from the PV system.

1. Operation and Maintenance of the PV System

Contents

1) Technical guidance on basic theory and structure of the PV system

2) Technical guidance on the functions and features of the main equipment such as

the PV modules, connection boxes, the power conditioners and so on.

3) Technical guidance on troubleshooting of the PV system

4) Technical guidance on daily and periodic inspection for the PV system

5) Technical guidance on earth and insulation measurements for the PV system

6) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for the PV system

7) Guidance on financial plans for operation and maintenance for the PV system

Training method

Lectures on outline of PV system, its components and work-flow using relevant

manuals

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On-the-job training on PV system operation using the actual devices of the

project.

2. Operation and Maintenance of the Interconnection to the Grid

Contents

1) Technical guidance on equipment configuration of the substation which is the

connection point to the grid

2) Technical guidance on the functions and features of the circuit breakers,

protection equipment, transformers, and measurement equipment

3) Troubleshooting of the interconnection system to the grid

4) Technical guidance on daily and periodic inspection of the interconnection

system to grid

5) Technical guidance on earth and insulation measurements for the interconnection

system to the grid

6) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for the interconnection system

7) Technical guidance on setting and operation for reverse power flow and self-

sustained operation

Training method

Lectures on functions and properties of the electric substation using relevant

devices

Lectures on device trouble shooting, contact system, and work flow with

relevant materials

On-the-job training on the electric substation and PV system with relevant

materials

3. Utilization of Power Generation and Meteorological Data from the PV System

Contents

1) Technical guidance on configuration of measurement equipment for power

generating

2) Technical guidance on configuration, function and features of the meteorological

measurement equipment

3) Technical guidance on data collecting and handling methods in relation to power

generating and meteorological data

4) Technical guidance on analysis and evaluation skill for power generating and

meteorological data

5) Technical guidance on public relations activity for the large display showing

graph of power generating and meteorological data

6) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for PV systems

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Training method

Lectures on functions and properties of Data Management and Monitoring

Systems with relevant devices

Lectures and on-the-job training on data processing, analytical methods, work-

flow using relevant materials and Data Management and Monitoring Systems.

(5) Soft Component Schedule

Implementation schedule of the soft component is as shown in Table 2-13. The trainees will

be divided into three groups of “UAG and TAV”, “Ilia State University” and “TELASI” for

efficiency of the soft component.

Table 2-13 Soft Component Schedule

First Month Second Month Third Month

Preparation in Japan 0.4MM

Training in Georgia 1.0MM

Report Writing in Japan 0.1MM

2-2-4-9 Implementation Schedule

The most rational implementation schedule for the procurement and installation work of the

project is as shown below. Total project implementation period will be 14 months, which

includes 4 months for detailed design and tender process, 9 months for procurement and 1.5

months for the soft component.

Table 2-14 Implementation Schedule

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Transportation

Installation Frame Structure

Procurem

ent/InstallationS

oft Com

ponent

4 months in total

1.5 months

9.0 months

Manufacturing

Work in Japan

Tender

Design

Ilia State University

TIA

Site Survey

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2-3 Obligations of Recipient Country

Upon the implementation of this Project as a grant aid from Japan, Georgia shall be responsible for

those items indicated in Table 2-11. Both the governments of Japan and Georgia have confirmed

the needs for taking the following measures.

(1) Undertakings to Be Borne by Georgian Side

1) Tax Exemption

The Georgian Authority will exempt customs duties, domestic taxes and other charges for

Japanese nationals entering into the recipient country to procure and install equipment and

materials based on the procurement contract of the Project and to implement various

activities. The Georgian Authority will also facilitate prompt processing of customs

clearance of procured equipment and materials, and exempt import duties and VAT for such

equipment and materials.

2) Convenience Provision

To accord Japanese nationals, whose services may be required in connection with the supply

of the products and the services under the verified contract, such conveniences as may be

necessary for their entry into Georgia and stay therein for the performance of their work.

3) Banking Arrangement (B/A), Authorization to Pay (A/P)

The Georgian Authority will open a bank account in its name at a Japanese bank and issue

Authorization to Pay (A/P) to the bank. Based on the Banking Arrangement (B/A), the

Georgian side should bear advising commissions of an Authorization to Pay (A/P) and

payment commissions to the Bank.

(2) Works by the Georgian Side

1) Cutting branches of existing trees.

At Ilia State University site, there exist trees. These tree branches should be cut off in order

to ensure efficient power generation by the PV system.

2) Removal of Existing Walls and Revetment

At Ilia State University site, there exist walls and a revetment. These walls should be

removed. The existing meter box should be capped after removal of the walls.

3) Reconnection of existing incoming cables

At Ilia State University site, a new electric substation with protective relays will be installed

next to the existing electric substation. The new electric substation will replace the existing

one. Therefore, a lead-in cable (three-phase three-wire system 6kV) drawn in to the existing

electric substation should be repositioned and connected to the new transformer.

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Three sets of middle-voltage cables from Bagebi electric power substation are embedded in

the space where the new electric substation will be installed. These cables should also be

repositioned and connected to the new transformer

4) Installation of Security Cameras

Additional security cameras will be installed in addition to the existing security system at the

university.

2-4 Project Operation Plan

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance Plan

The operation and maintenance structure and inspection, cleaning and maintenance items for the

PV system are as follows.

(1) Operation and Maintenance Structure

TIA: 8 Staff (including 3 O&M staff from UAG and 5 O&M staff from TAV)

Ilia State University: 10 Staff (including present O&M staff, “6” grade in local standard, and

two “5” grade electricians)

(2) The PV System Inspection Items

The main items of regular inspection and cleaning (once a month or more) are as follows.

These items are to be managed mainly by engineers and conducted by technical staff.

Visual inspection and cleaning: the PV modules, the connection box, the power

conditioners, etc.

Other work: Cleaning, etc.

The main items of periodic inspection (twice a year or more) are as follows. These items are

to be managed mainly by engineers and conducted by technical staff.

Visual and finger touch inspection: the PV modules, the connection box, the power

conditioner, etc.

Insulation resistance measuring: the connection box, the power conditioner, the

switchgear, cables, etc.

Open voltage test: the relay terminal box

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2-5 Project Cost Estimation

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation

Items estimated for initial cost are as follows;

(1) Cutting branches of existing trees

(2) Removal of existing walls and revetment

(3) Reconnection of existing incoming cables

(4) Installation of security camera(s)

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost

The PV system for the project consists of the PV modules, the power conditioners, the

meteorological observation instruments, the data management and monitoring systems, the large

display, substation equipment, etc. Since all items except for the substation equipment are newly

installed, items for operation and maintenance cost are as follow:

Reduction of electricity cost by power generated by the PV system

Electricity cost for the data management and monitoring system, the large display, etc.

Labor cost for cleaning of the PV modules

Personal expense for operation and maintenance staff for the PV system

Consumable materials cost

(1) Reduction of Electricity Cost by PV Power Generation

1) TIA

Annual generated energy is estimated to be 329,000kWh, equivalent to annual electric cost

reduction of 47,700 Lari.

Power Purchase Reduction (Lari) = PV Power Generation(kWh)×Power Price (Lari/kWh)

= 329,000 kWh×0.145 Lari/kWh

= 47,700 Lari


The annual generated energy is estimated to be 32,000kWh, equivalent to annual electric

cost reduction of 4,640 Lari.

Power Purchase Reduction (Lari) = PV Power Generation(kWh)×Power Price (Lari/kWh)

= 32,000 kWh×0.145 Lari/kWh

= 4,640 Lari

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(2) Electricity Cost for the Data Management and Monitoring System, Large Display, etc.

1) TIA

Electricity cost of 3,140 Lari will be required annually for operating one set of data

management and monitoring systems and one set of large display (100 inch), and lighting

including entrance section.

Data management and monitoring systems

Power Purchase (Lari) ＝ Power Price (Lari/kWh)×Power Consumption(kW)×hours of

use(h/day)×days a year(days/year)×set

＝ 0.145Lari/kWh×0.5 kW×24 h/day×365 day/year×1

＝ 635 Lari

Large Display (100 inches)

Power Purchase (Lari) ＝ Power Price (Lari/kWh)×Power Consumption (kW)×hours of



＝ 1,905 Lari

Lighting

Power Purchase(Lari) ＝ Power Price(Lari/kWh)×Power Consumption(kW)×hours of



＝ 603 Lari

Total Electricity Cost

Total Power Purchase (Lari) ＝ 635 Lari + 1,905 Lari + 603 Lari

≒ 3,140 Lari


Electricity cost of 2,660 Lari will be required annually for operating two sets of data

management and monitoring systems (one for education) and one set of large display (60

inch).

Data management and monitoring systems




＝635 Lari

Data management and monitoring systems for education



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＝ 145 Lari

Large Display（100 inches）



＝ 0.145Lari/kWh×10.9kW×8 h/day×250 day/year×1

＝ 261 Lari

Lighting




＝ 847 Lari

Total Electricity Cost

Total Power Purchase (Lari)＝635 Lari +145Lari+261 Lari + 847 Lari

≒ 1,880 Lari

(3) Labor Cost for Cleaning of the PV Modules

1) TIA

Labor cost of 3,940 Lari is estimated to be required annually for cleaning the PV modules

(310kW) once a month.

Labor Cost (Lari) ＝ Staff (person/time)×Times (times/year)×Cost per person(Lari/person)

＝ 6 person/time×12 times/year×54.8 Lari/person

≒ 3,940 Lari


Labor cost of 660 Lari is estimated to be required annually for cleaning the PV modules

(37kW) once a month.

Labor Cost (Lari) ＝ Staff (person/time)×Times(times/year)×Cost per person (Lari/person)

＝ 1 person/time×12 times/year×54.8 Lari/person

≒ 660 Lari

(4) Personal Expense for Operation and Maintenance Staff for the PV System

At both TIA and Ilia State University sites, maintenance is necessary not only for the PV

system but also for overall existing facility equipment. Three full-time staff members are

presumed to be necessary for each.

At present, five full-time employees work at TIA, and three at Ilia State University, so no

additional staff is required.

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(5) Consumable Materials Cost

The data management and monitoring system measurement includes the ink jet printer. The

ink cartridge will have to be replaced twice a year. One printer will be for TIA and two for

Ilia State University. The annual cost will be 70 Lari and 140 Lari respectively.

The maintenance costs mentioned above are summarized in Table 2-15 and Table 2-16.

Table 2-15 Maintenance Cost for the Project (TIA) (Unit: Lari)

Item Annual Cost % against

expenditure in 2010Expense item and expenditure in

2010

Reduction of electricity cost by PV power generation

-47,700 -6.32％ Power consumption cost 754,701


3,140 0.42％ Power consumption cost 754,701

Labor cost for regular PV module cleaning

3,940 - -

Personnel expense for operation and maintenance staff for PV system

0 -

-

Consumable materials cost 70 - -

Total -40,550 -5.37％ Total expenditure 754,701

Note: 1 Georgian Lari = 48 JPY

As for TIA, the current budget can cover the operation and maintenance cost due to

reduction in power purchase by PV power generation.

Table 2-16 Maintenance Cost for the Project (Ilia State University) (Unit: Lari)

Item Annual

Cost % against

expenditure in 2008Expense item and expenditure in 2008

Reduction of electricity cost by PV power generation

-4,640 -17.39％ Power consumption cost 26,680


2,660 7.05％ Power consumption cost 26,680

Labor cost for regular PV module cleaning

660 2.5％ Maintenance cost 26,000

Personnel expense for operation and maintenance staff for PV system

0 0％ Maintenance cost 26,000

Consumable materials cost 140 0.5％ Maintenance cost 26,000

Total -1,190 -3.72％ Total expenditure 52,680

Note: 1 Georgian Lari = 48 JPY

As for Ilia State University, the current budget can cover the operation and maintenance cost

due to reduction in power purchase by PV power generation.

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CHAPTER 3

PROJECT EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 3 Project Evaluation and Recommendations

3-1 Project Effect

(1) Expected Effect

The following “Table 3-1” shows the specific effects (results) expected to be achieved by the

implementation of the project.

Table 3-1 Project Effect

Present situation and problems

Countermeasure by the project

Direct Effects Indirect Effect/Degree of

improvement

1 Georgia is insufficient in ability and funds to pursue both Green house gas (GHG) reduction and economic development

2 Georgia aims at energy independence because most of the fuel for thermal power generation is imported

1 Introduction of the grid connected PV system

2 Soft Component (Technical assistance) for operation and maintenance of the above said system

1 Annual reduction of 200 (t-CO2/year) in green house gas (GHG) emission

2 Showcase effects that the PV systems will be shown to 820 thousand persons and 6.55 million vehicles annually

1 Contribution to the upper level plan and promotion of dissemination and expansion of PV system in Georgia

2 Contribution to the research and development of renewable energy and fostering of related industries in Georgia

(2) Showcase effect

1) TIA

TIA is located approximately 20km east of the center of Tbilisi city. The showcase effect is

expected to be high because the PV system will be seen by passengers (more than 8 hundred

thousand per year). The increase rate goes up every year and it hit 17% in 2010. In addition,

the showcase effect is expected not only for passengers but for drivers, neighbors and airport

staff. Therefore, a high showcase effect is expected.


The showcase effect at Ilia State University is also expected to be high because the PV

system will be seen by passengers, students (Approx. 8,000) and academic staff (Approx.

300). In addition, a heavy trafficked road (Three lanes each way, six lanes in total) in front of

the university will contribute to the showcase effect (a total of 6.55 million vehicles

annually). There are main facilities such as a stadium, parks and shopping malls around it so

the showcase effect is expected for a lot of neighboring citizens too.

(3) Reduction of CO2 emission

By introducing the PV system, reduction of CO2 emission of 200t will be achieved (182.5t at

TIA and 17.7t at Ilia State University) which is equivalent to the CO2 absorbing ability of

14,300 cedar trees and 67,000 liters of petroleum oil saving

3-1

Table 3-2 Reduction of CO2 Emission

Project Site (PV capacity)

Power Generation (kWh/year)

CO2 Reduction (kg-CO2/year)

CO2 Absorption by Cedar Trees

(trees/year)

Petroleum Saving (Bunker C)

(l/year)

TIA (310kW)

329,000 182,590 13,042 61,271

Ilia State University (37kW)

32,000 17,760 1,268 5,959

Total (347kW)

361,000 200,350 (Approx.200 t-CO2/year)

14,310 (Approx. 14,300)

67,230 (Approx.62,000l/year)

CO2 Reduction (kg-CO2/year)= Annual power generation (kWh/year) × Emission Coefficient（0.555(kg-CO2/kWh)）1 CO2 Absorption by Cedar Trees (trees/year)=CO2 Reduction(kg-CO2/year) /CO2 Absorption by a cedar tree(14kg-CO2/tree) Petroleum Saving (Bunker C)= CO2 Reduction (kg-CO2/year)/ Emission Coefficient（2.98(kg-CO2/l）

2

The PV system in this project will enhance environmental consciousness and is expected to

promote renewable energy in Georgia. The PV system will also enable reverse power flow

by interconnection to the grid in the future. This eventually will contribute to reduction of

green house gases and promote international climate change policies as a part of “Cool Earth

Partnership”.

3-2 Recommendations

3-2-1 Issues to be addressed by the recipient country and recommendations

To attain the long term effects brought by the project, the following items shall be taken into

account after implementation of the project.

Georgia has aggressively promoted installation of renewable energy such as solar thermal and wind

power. Under such situation, it is essentially important to use the PV system of the project as a

jump start to promote PV power generation. Therefore, it is highly recommended that a policy for

introduction of renewable energy such as preferential taxation, subsidy, Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) or

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is formulated as quickly as possible.

3-2-2 Technical cooperation and tie-up with other donors

Technical and economic assistance by Japan, international organizations and other developed

countries is essential for dissemination of PV power generation such as installation of PV systems

for residential buildings, work places and offices and establishment of PV power plants by private

companies. Therefore, in addition to technical assistance by Japanese private companies and other

possible bodies through international organizations such as PV panel manufacturers,

Institutionalization of grid connected PV systems including reverse power flow, high performance

and large scale battery systems, Smart Grids and so on, financial assistance is also necessary.

1 Ministry of Environment of Japan 2 Ministry of Environment of Japan

3-2

Documents

The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Introduction of