The Process of Communication

Chapter 2

COMMUNICATION MODEL

SENDER

MESSAGE

RECEIVER

FEEDBACK

COMMUNICATION MODEL

Sender: one who transmits a message.• EXAMPLES:

• Margaret writes a letter to her friend. Margaret is the sender.

Message: the information being sent.• EXAMPLES:

• Susan says “HELLO” to her teacher. “HELLO” is the message.

COMMUNICATION MODEL Receiver: one who intercepts and decodes

a message.• EXAMPLES:

• Mary yells across the room at Sue. Sue is the reciever.

Feedback: the reactions of the receiver to the message of the sender, consisting of words or nonverbal symbols.• EXAMPLES:

• After Sue hears what Mary says. She yells back. Yelling back is the feedback

Deciding to Communicate

We rely on memory to be able to communicate• Memory:

• 1.The brain’s storage bin

• 2. the power, act, or process of recalling facts previously learned or past experiences.

Answer this question on your fill in notes:

“How do I use memory to communicate?”

Thinking: the ability of humans to understand, conceive, and manipulate ideas.• Humans can put two or more ideas

together and produce NEW ideas. Reasoning:

• 1.The ability to think, form judgments, and draw conclusions

• 2.the process of putting evidence together into a logical argument.

Deciding to Communicate

Deciding to Communicate Fields of Experience: areas of

knowledge, interest, or involvement.

We rely on fields of experience as communicators because they allow us to more easily communicate with others.

• EXAMPLES:

• We all go to Tidwell MS everyday, so our experiences are aligned.

• Mark and Tom both play soccer. Talking about soccer will be easier for them than someone who does not know soccer.

Choosing Symbols

There is no way to dump our ideas from our head into someone else’s head.

In order to communicate, we must use code.• Code: a symbol system.

• EXAMPLES:

• English Alphabet (A, B, C, D…)

Answer this question on your fill in notes:

“What codes do I know?”

Choosing Symbols

We have to manipulate code in 2 ways.• Encode: To put a message into symbols.

• EXAMPLES:• Taking an idea or thought and saying it aloud in

language.

• Journaling/Writing down our thoughts.

• Decode: To translate incoming information or messages into understandable concepts.• EXAMPLES:

• Someone says something out loud, you hear it and are able to understand what they said.

Symbols: Anything that stands for an idea and is used for communication.• EXAMPLES:

Choosing Symbols

Choosing Symbols

There are two types of symbols.• Verbal Symbols: Spoken or written language symbols

or words.• EXAMPLES:

• A book

• A speech

• Nonverbal Symbols: any means used to encode ideas without words, including gestures, facial expressions, and movements.• EXAMPLES:

• Smile/Frown

• Rolling Eyes

Choosing Symbols

Paralanguage: the ways in which you say words, including volume, pitch, speaking rate, and voice quality, as well as sounds that are not words.• EXAMPLES:

HELLO

WOW

WHAT

Choosing Symbols

Parts of Paralanguage:• Volume:

• Pitch:

• Speaking rate:

• Voice quality:

• Stress:

Volume: the loudness or quietness of sound. Pitch: the highness or lowness of sounds. Speaking rate: the speed at which one talks. Voice quality: the uniqueness of vocal sound

that enables people to recognize others by their voices alone.

Stress: the amount of emphasis placed on different syllables in a word or on different words in a sentence.