The Protestant Reformation

POWER, INFLUENCE, & CORRUPTION!

List two problems with the leadership of the Church before the Reformation.

• Quarrels between kings and the papacy

• Political scandals and rumors

• The repeated moving of the Church’s headquarters

What did the Church sell that some of the people thought was wrong? What was its purpose?

• The Church was selling indulgences.

•A certificate to cancel sin or reduce the punishment of sin in purgatory after they died.

“When Payment Rings the Soul

From Purgatory

SingS”

MARTIN LUTHER: A CATALYST FOR

CHANGE!

What was Martin Luther’s response to the church selling indulgences to build a cathedral?

•He was angry and wrote the 95 Theses, a list of arguments against it.

•He then nailed the document to a church door for all to read.

ANALYZING THE 95 THESES

MARTIN LUTHER’S WORDS YOUR WORDS

26. The pope does well when he grants remission to souls [in purgatory], not by the power of the keys (in which he does not possess), but by way of intercession.

It’s good that the Pope asks God to forgive sinners, but not that he acts as though he can do the forgiving.

37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon.

Christians don’t need pardons or indulgences to receive blessings from God, they already have it.

84. Again: What is this new piety of God and the pope, that for money they allow a man who is impious and their enemy to buy out of purgatory the pious soul of a friend of God, and do not rather, because of that pious and beloved soul’s own need, free it for pure love’s sake?

It doesn’t make sense that money can allow a bad man and his enemies to buy the forgiveness of a good man, when the man’s goodness is enough to free him from sin.

Martin Luther

I Got 95 Problems, but Global ain’t one!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt5AJr0wls0&feature=related

JOHN CALVIN: LIFE IS

PREDETERMINED

List five things that Calvinists didn’t participate in and explain why they chose not to.• Playing cards/gambling, dancing, singing,

owning expensive clothes and possessions.

• They believed that these things distracted them from living according to God’s word.

John Calvin

What modern enterprise system may have its roots in Calvinism? Why?

•Capitalism

•Calvinists believed that honest and hard work leads to successful business as a blessing from God.

Select a portion of text that indicates that the Protestants may have effected American progess.

• “Many scholars believe that Protestants belief in hard work in business laid the foundation for American success!”

KING HENRY VIII’S WIVES:

INVESTIGATING DIVORCE, BE-

HEADINGS, & DEATH

Use your own words to detail the main idea of the reading.

• King Henry VIII formed the Church of England because he was not granted a divorce by the pope.

Henry and his Six Wives

MAP SKILLS-PROTESTANTS AND CATHOLICS IN THE WORLD: THEN AND

NOW

Circa 1500s map:

•Wittenberg, Germany is in the red area of the map, where Protestantism began.

•Rome is further south and is largely Catholic

Catholic in the World Map:

•South America, parts of North America are mostly Catholic even today.

Catholics in the World

Protestants in the World Map:

•According to the map, the US has a high percentage of Protestants

Protestants in the World

JESUITS AND MISSIONARIES SPREAD

RELIGION THROUGHOUT EUROPE, ASIA, AND THE

AMERICAS

Explain in your own words why the Catholic Church sent out so many Missionaries.

• The Church was trying to convert people to Christianity and prevent Protestantism from spreading.

How many people are estimated to be converted worldwide at this time?

•Over one million people.

THE COUNTER REFORMATION: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH MAKES CHANGES

Describe two major Catholic religious orders, and how they helped counter the Protestant Reformation.

• The Jesuits: built colleges and churches so common people and current clergy could learn proper Catholic teachings; sent out missionaries all over the world.

• The Ursuline Order: group of nuns that created Catholic schools for young girls

List and explain two major changes the Catholic Church made during the Counter Reformation.• The Church no longer sold indulgences• Better training for clergy• Rules for clergy to make them better at their

jobs• Creating schools to better teach clergy about

Catholic teachings• Sending out missionaries to convert more

Catholics• Increasing punishment for heresy

The Council of Trent

THE SPANISH INQUISITION: A

STORY OF INTOLERANCE AND

CRUELTY

List three religious groups targeted by the Spanish Inquisition.

• Muslims, Jews, Protestants

What tactics did the Spanish Inquisition use to punish heretics, and how effective was it at maintaining Catholicism in Spain?

• They fined, arrested, tortured and burned heretics at the stake.

• The fear and the deaths wiped Spain clean of other religions and kept Protestantism from taking hold there.

DENOMINATION START LOCATION PRIMARY BELIEF FOUNDER

LUTHERAN Wittenberg, Germany

People should read the Bible and live by it.

Martin Luther

CALVINISM Genova, Switzerland

Pre-destination: God already planned who would be saved.

John Calvin

ANGLICAN London,England

People should be free to practice religion based on their own conscience.

Henry VIII

Effects of Protestant Reformation:• Three new Churches

–Lutheran

–Calvinist

–Anglican

• Reduced power and influence of the Pope

• End of religious unity in Europe