The Reasons Why This Paperwork is Being Done is Due to Several Objectivs as Stated Below

8/3/2019 The Reasons Why This Paperwork is Being Done is Due to Several Objectivs as Stated Below

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The reasons why this paperwork is being done is due to several objectivs as stated

below:

* To instill awareness among humans about the significant of preservation and

conservation of the ecosystem.

* To make humans realize how bad are the effects of human activities towards

the environment.

* To increase efforts on creating a safe environment for ourselves and for the

future generation.

* To deduce the time for the depletion and destruction of the environment due to

various environmental problem caused by human being.

OBJECTIVE


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HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT EFFECTS THE

ECOSYSTEM

Human activities often affect whole ecosystems.With great advancements

in the medical fields, modern farming techniques and better infrastructure, the

worlds population has grown to over 6 billion today.

Conflicts, therefore, arise between the need to meet the immediate human

demands in the short term and need to protect and conserve ecosystems from

long-term damage.

1. Deforestation2. Burning of fossil fuels3. Overuse of fertilizers in intensive farming4. Dumping of domestic and industrial waste

We need to protect and reserved the ecosystem for our use in the future. The

negative effects are hasty, unplanned development and mismanagement,

thus cause problems to the balance of the ecosystem such as air, water andland pollution.

Greenhouse effects, global warming are warning to the human beings to stop

open deforestation and polluting to the environments.

Negative effects:

a) These problems bring out negative effects to the economic resources,

health and survival of the ecosystems.

b) These problems to causing a lot of viruses to attack the human health.


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THE IMPACT OF

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

TOWARDS THE

ECOSYSTEM

DEFORESTATION CAUSED:

-soil erosion

-landslides

-flashfloods-extinction of flora

and fauna

-global warming

-greenhouse effect

INDUSTRIALISATION

CAUSED:

-various types of

pollutions

FARMING CAUSED:

-pollution

URBANISATION CAUSED

-pollution

BURNING CAUSED:

-pollution

-greenhouse effect


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POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability,

disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.

Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally

occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural

levels. Pollution is often classed aspoint sourceornonpoint source pollution.

Pollution comes from both natural and manmade sources. Pollution can also be theconsequence of a natural disaster. For example, hurricanes often involve water contaminationfrom sewage, and petrochemical spills from ruptured boats or automobiles. Larger scale and

environmental damage is not uncommon when coastaloil rigsorrefineriesare involved. Some

sources of pollution, such as nuclear powerplants oroil tankers, can produce widespread andpotentially hazardous releases when accidents occur.

Adverseair qualitycan kill many organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause

respiratory disease,cardiovascular disease,throatinflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water

pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination ofdrinking water

by untreatedsewageindeveloping countries. An estimated 700 millionIndianshave no access to a

proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrhoeal sickness every day. Nearly 500 million Chinese

lack access to safe drinking water. 656,000 people die prematurely each year inChinabecause of air

pollution. InIndia, air pollution is believed to cause 527,700
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fatalities a year. Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in theUS could be over 50,000.

Oil spills can causeskinirritations andrashes. Noise pollution induceshearing loss,high bloodpressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits inchildren andneurologicsymptoms. Older people are majorly exposed to diseases induced by air

pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are

also at serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological

problems. Chemical andradioactivesubstances cancausecancerandas well asbirth defects.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disturbancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disturbancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disturbancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin


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GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface of a planet or moon due to the presence ofanatmospherecontaining gases that absorb and emitinfrared radiation. Thus, greenhouse gases

trap heat within the surface-troposphere system. This mechanism is fundamentally different from

that of an actualgreenhouse, which works by isolating warm air inside the structure so that heat

is not lost byconvection. The greenhouse effect was discovered byJoseph Fourierin 1824, firstreliably experimented on by John Tyndall in 1858, and first reported quantitatively by Svante

Arrheniusin 1896.

Theblack bodytemperature of theEarthis 5.5 C. Since the Earth's surface reflects about 28%

of incoming sunlight, the planet's mean temperature would be far lower, about -18 or -19 C.

Along with the added contribution of the greenhouse effect, it is instead much higher, roughly 14C.Global warming, a recent warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, is believed

to be the result ofan enhanced greenhouse effect mostly due to human-produced increases in

atmosphericgreenhouse gases. This human induced part is referred to as anthropogenic globalwarming (AGW).

The Earth receives energy from the Sun mostly in the form of visible light and nearby

wavelengths. About 50% of the sun's energy is absorbed at the Earth's surface. Like all bodieswith a temperature aboveabsolute zerothe Earth's surface radiates energy in the infrared range.

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb most of the infrared radiation emitted by the surface

and pass the absorbed heat to other atmospheric gases through molecular collisions. Thegreenhouse gases also radiate in the infrared range. Radiation is emitted both upward, with part

escaping to space, and downward toward Earth's surface. The surface and lower atmosphere are

warmed by the part of the energy that is radiated downward, making our life on earth possible.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_greenhouse_(technical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_greenhouse_(technical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_greenhouse_(technical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_greenhouse_(technical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere


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THINNING OZONE LAYER

The distribution of ozone in ionosphere, mesosphere and stratosphere is being depleted. The

concentration of ozone is gradually reducing. As the content of ozone is highest in ionosphere and theair itself being very thin, the depletion is negligible in ionosphere. But in mesosphere and stratosphere

the air is thicker and ozone content is less. The depletion of ozone is of higher order in these layers. The

so called hole in ozone layers simply means that above some continents (specifically Antarctica, Asia and

parts of South America) the mesosphere and stratosphere have lost their original level of ozone content.

The depletion of ozone layer is a global phenomena both in terms of cause and effect. The

geographical limits of countries are not barriers to either dispersal of gases in layers of

atmosphere or depletion of gases. The causes for depletion may arise in any country. The effects

(in terms of depletion) may arise in any other country. The effects (in terms of ozone depletion)need not be exactly above the country causing the depletion.

It is now established that chloroflouro carbon (CFC) chemicals evolved from various

refrigerants, coolants and propellants are the primary reasons for depletion of ozone. CFC are a

group of chlorine bearing gases of low specific gravity. They rise to stratosphere and

mesosphere. Due to ionising solar radiation in these layers, (which is the primary reason forproduction of ozone) fresh chlorine gas is produced from CFCs. This nascent chlorine gas has

the capacity to react with ozone and bring down the level of ozone substantially.

The concept of ozone depletion is new. But study of international ozone trendis being made since

1988, when international ozone commission was established. Extensive ozone assessment facilities were

established under International Middle Atmospheric Programme (IMAP) in India to study ozone along

with number of other green house gases.


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ACTIVITIES TO ENSURE A BALANCED ECOSYSTEM

The Human Activities all over the world made by mankind had gave many impact to the

mother nature. The negative effects of hasty, unplanned development and the mismanagement ofthe ecosystems result in various environmental problems such as air and water pollution, thegreenhouse effect, global warming, and the depletion of natural resources. These problems bring

about negative effects that increasingly threaten the economic resources health and survival.

1. The need of development and the effects of an increasing population on the ecosystem:

Population of the world always increase, so do their needs

The needs for more food supplies, water, home has led to development

These development involves deforestation, the building more dams, and production of

more domestic and industrial waste

The unmanaged and unplanned development leads to a pollution of environment

To reduces the negative effects of developments, human must have efforts to manage the

environment properly

2. The importance of proper management of development activities

Way to balance the needs for resources with the needs to conserve the natural resources

To make a sustainable development without jeopardizing or depleting the natural

resources

Ensure that short-term gains be balance with the long-term effects on the environment

To exploit natural resources in a sustainable way, so these resources can be replenish and

renewed for future generations to continue to use them

To minimize the negative effects of development towards the environment

3. Measures taken in the management of development activities

Implementations of laws

Uses of technology

Education on the management of resources

Preservation and conservation of soil

The practice of biological control

The use of renewable energy

The efficient use of technology


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4. Implimentations of laws

Many laws and regulations are designed to control pollution which affects the quality of

lands, air and water.

Examples of the acts:

o The Environment Quality Act, 1974, 1989o Motor Vehicle Noise Regulations, 1987

o Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities Regulations, 1989

o Clean Air Regulations, Amendment 2000

o The National Forestry Act, 1984

o The Pesticides Act, 1974

o The Fisheries Act, 1985

o The Protection of Wildlife Act, 1972

5. Uses of technology

Install catalytic converters in vehicle to clean un exhaust emissions and convert harmful

gases released to less harmful gases

Use unleaded petrol to reduce the emissions of leads into environment

Treat sewage in sewage treatment plants before its discharged into the environment

Use microorganisms to clean up the environment

Develop hydrogen-based fuel-cell vehicle to reduce the burning of fossil fuels

6. Education on the management of resources

The public must be educated on the concept of the 4R:

o RECYCLE means collecting segregating waste according to the types of materials

and turning this waste into new products

o REUSE means use things such as old plastics containers and bottles again instead

of throwing them away

o REDUCE means cutting down on the use of materials which are non-

biodegradable

o RENEW means to use materials such as bottles and plastic containers after they

are cleaned

7. Recycling is important because:

Fewer landfills will be needed to dispose of rubbish

It cuts down the use of resources, for example fewer trees will be cut down to make paper

and furniture


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It saves energy, for example less energy is needed to melt down scrap metal and use it

again than to extract it from the ore

8. Preservation and conservation

Preservations involves efforts to protect an ecosystem

Conservations involves efforts to return an affected ecosystem to its natural equiblirium

and keep them good

The efforts of conservations includes:

o Preservations of soil

o Preservations of water

o Preservations of flora and fauna of the forest

o Preservations of mangrove swamps

Preservations of soils

Make a sustainable agricultural development effectively

Good farming technique will prevent erosion and soil

depletion

Good agricultural practices includes:

o Crop rotation

o Contour farming

o Controlled grazing

o

Planting cover cropso The appropriate use of fertilizers

o Effective drainage and irrigations

Preservations of water

Clean water is precious resource and commodity

Such as, water sources and water catchment areas must be

preserved

Rivers must not be regarded as dumping sites for domestic

and toxic wastes which can pollutes the water

The use of nitrates and phosphates in agriculture must becontrolled to prevent run-offs into rivers and ponds


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Documents

The Reasons Why This Paperwork is Being Done is Due to Several Objectivs as Stated Below