The Respiratory The Respiratory SystemSystem

The respiratory The respiratory system system

consists of the consists of the lungs, throat, lungs, throat,

and and passageways passageways

that lead to the that lead to the lungslungs

Out with the bad air; in Out with the bad air; in with the goodwith the good

• Your body needs a continuous supply Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat.from the foods you eat.

• The air you breathe is a mixture of The air you breathe is a mixture of several gases, one of these gases is several gases, one of these gases is oxygenoxygen

• When you breathe, your body takes When you breathe, your body takes in air and absorbs the oxygenin air and absorbs the oxygen

• Then carbon dioxide from your body Then carbon dioxide from your body is added to the air, and the stale air is added to the air, and the stale air is exhaled.is exhaled.

RespirationRespiration• Respiration is the entire process by Respiration is the entire process by

which a body obtains and uses which a body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and waterdioxide and water

• Respiration is divided into two parts:Respiration is divided into two parts:– Breathing, which involves inhaling and Breathing, which involves inhaling and

exhalingexhaling– Cellular respiration, which involves the Cellular respiration, which involves the

chemical reactions that release energy chemical reactions that release energy from foodfrom food

• 1 - nasal cavity1 - nasal cavity 2 - pharynx (throat)2 - pharynx (throat) 3 - (blue) alveoli or 3 - (blue) alveoli or air sacsair sacs 4 - (yellow) 4 - (yellow) bronchiolesbronchioles 5 - (pink) lung5 - (pink) lung 6 - (red) diaphragm6 - (red) diaphragm 7 - nostril7 - nostril 8 - (orange) larynx 8 - (orange) larynx

or voice boxor voice box 9 - (green) trachea9 - (green) trachea 10 - (light green) 10 - (light green) bronchusbronchus

Parts of the Respiratory Parts of the Respiratory SystemSystem

•NoseNose– Your nose is the primary Your nose is the primary passageway into and out of the passageway into and out of the respiratory system.respiratory system.

– Air is inhaled through the nose, Air is inhaled through the nose, where it comes into contact where it comes into contact with warm, moist surfaceswith warm, moist surfaces

– Air can also enter and leave Air can also enter and leave through the mouththrough the mouth

• PharynxPharynx– From the nose, air flows into the From the nose, air flows into the

pharynx or throatpharynx or throat– In addition to air, food and drink In addition to air, food and drink

also travel through the pharynx on also travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomachthe way to the stomach

– The pharynx branches into two The pharynx branches into two tubestubes•One tube leads to the stomach One tube leads to the stomach and is called the and is called the esophagusesophagus

•The other tube leads to the lungs The other tube leads to the lungs and is called the and is called the larynxlarynx

•LarynxLarynx– The larynx, or voice box, The larynx, or voice box, contain the vocal cords.contain the vocal cords.

– The vocal cords are a pair of The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bands that are elastic bands that are stretched across the opening stretched across the opening of the larynxof the larynx

– When air flows between the When air flows between the vocal cords, they vibrate and vocal cords, they vibrate and make sound.make sound.

• TracheaTrachea– The larynx guards the entrance to The larynx guards the entrance to

a large tube called the trachea , or a large tube called the trachea , or windpipe.windpipe.

– The trachea is the passageway for The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the air traveling from the larynx to the lungs.lungs.

• BronchiBronchi– The trachea splits into two tubes The trachea splits into two tubes

called called bronchi.bronchi.– One bronchus goes to each lung One bronchus goes to each lung

and branches into thousands of and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called tiny tubes called bronchioles.bronchioles.

A close-up of the air sacs, which are located at the ends of the bronchioles.  Each "air sac" is comprised of a cluster of alveoli.  The red structures represent blood vessels leading to & from the air sacs.

• LungsLungs– Your body has two Your body has two

large sponge-like large sponge-like lungs.lungs.

– In the lungs, each In the lungs, each bronchiole bronchiole branches to form branches to form thousands of tiny thousands of tiny sacs called sacs called alveolialveoli..

– Capillaries Capillaries surround each surround each alveolus.alveolus.

• The wall of an alveolus is The wall of an alveolus is only one cell thick.  This only one cell thick.  This allows gases to diffuse allows gases to diffuse into & out of the alveoli.into & out of the alveoli.

• The alveoli are The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries surrounded by capillaries so that oxygen and so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be carbon dioxide can be exchanged between the exchanged between the lungs & the blood.  lungs & the blood.  Oxygen in the alveolus Oxygen in the alveolus can diffuse into the can diffuse into the bloodstream (& be bloodstream (& be transported throughout transported throughout the body) and carbon the body) and carbon dioxide in the dioxide in the bloodstream can enter bloodstream can enter the alveoli (& then be the alveoli (& then be exhaled).exhaled).

How Do You Breathe?How Do You Breathe?• When you breathe, air is sucked in or When you breathe, air is sucked in or

forced out of your lungsforced out of your lungs• Breathing is done by rib muscles and Breathing is done by rib muscles and

the diaphragm, a dome-shaped the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle underneath the lungsmuscle underneath the lungs

• When the diaphragm contracts and When the diaphragm contracts and moves down, it increases the chest moves down, it increases the chest cavity’s volumecavity’s volume

• At the same time, some of your rib At the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage, causing it to expandcage, causing it to expand

• Oxygen diffuses inside cells, where it Oxygen diffuses inside cells, where it is used in cellular respirationis used in cellular respiration

• During cellular respiration, oxygen is During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy stored in used to release energy stored in molecules of carbohydrates, fats, molecules of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and carbon dioxide and and proteins and carbon dioxide and waterwater

• The carbon dioxide and water leave The carbon dioxide and water leave the cell and return to the the cell and return to the bloodstreambloodstream

• The carbon dioxide is carried to the The carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs and exhaledlungs and exhaled

Respiratory DisordersRespiratory Disorders

• There are many types of There are many types of respiratory disorders, respiratory disorders, including:including:

• AsthmaAsthma• BronchitisBronchitis• PneumoniaPneumonia• emphysemaemphysema

• In asthma, irritants cause tissue In asthma, irritants cause tissue around the bronchioles to around the bronchioles to constrict and secrete large constrict and secrete large amounts of mucus.amounts of mucus.

• As the bronchiole tubes get As the bronchiole tubes get narrower, the person has narrower, the person has difficulty breathingdifficulty breathing

• Bronchitis can develop when Bronchitis can develop when something irritates the lining of the something irritates the lining of the bronchiolesbronchioles

• Pneumonia is caused by bacteria or Pneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses that grow inside the viruses that grow inside the bronchioles and alveoli and cause bronchioles and alveoli and cause them to become inflamed and filled them to become inflamed and filled with fluidwith fluid

• If the alveoli are filled with too much If the alveoli are filled with too much fluid, the person may suffocate.fluid, the person may suffocate.

The Hazards of The Hazards of SmokingSmoking

• Smoking is the leading cause of Smoking is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases, such as lung diseases, such as emphysema and lung cancer.emphysema and lung cancer.

• People with emphysema have People with emphysema have trouble getting the oxygen they trouble getting the oxygen they need because their lung tissue need because their lung tissue erodes away.erodes away.