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Gaseous Exchange
The Respiratory System
Keeping the Lungs Clean
The Respiratory System
A. Mammalian Breathing
C. Alveoli and Capillaries
B. Intercostals and Diaphragm
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A. Mammalian Breathing
1. The respiratory system gets oxygen into the blood
a. needed for aerobic respiration
2. Parts of the breathing system
a. larynx & epiglottis
b. trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, & alveoli
c. intercostal muscles & diaphragm
d. pleural membranes_
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HOW DOES WATER GET FROM THE GROUND TO THE TIPS OF TREE BRANCHES?
Think about it!
Think
1. Movements of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm enable inhalation and exhalation to occur
a. intercostals contract lifting ribcage outward
b. diaphragm contracts flattening downward_
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B. Intercostals & Diaphragm
2. Inhaling- muscles contract, the volume of the thorax (chest) increases, the pressure inside decreases
a. air moves into lungs
3. Exhaling- muscles relax, the volume of the thorax decreases, pressure inside increases
a. air moves out of the lungs_
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C. Alveoli and Capillaries
1. The structure of the alveoli and blood capillaries enable gaseous exchange to occur
a. close to one another
b. large surface area
c. each is a single cell layer thick_
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2. Diffusion plays an important role in gaseous exchange across the alveoli
a. oxygen diffuses into the blood (high to low)
b. carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli (high to low)_
Answers.comhttp://www.answers.com/topic/lungaccessed 06.11.08
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The End
Keeping the Lungs Clean
A. Goblet Cells and Cilia
B. The Air We Breathe
C. Smoking and Pollution
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1. There are two types of cells that play a role in keeping the lungs free from infection
a. goblet cells
b. ciliated cells
2. Goblet cells secrete mucus
a. mucus is sticky and traps foreign particles_
A. Goblet Cells and Cilia
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HOW DOES WATER GET FROM THE GROUND TO THE TIPS OF TREE BRANCHES?
Think about it!
Think
3. Ciliated cells move mucus to the throat
a. cilia are hair-like structures on the cells’ surface
b. beating of cilia sweeps trapped particles contained in mucus out of the lungs_
Nature.comhttp://www.nature.com/gt/journal/v11/n1s/fig_tab/3302368f2.htmlaccessed 06.11.08
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B. The Air We Breathe
1. Air breathed out contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in
2. Percentage composition of inspired and expired air
3. Reasons for differences
a. oxygen diffuses into the blood
b. carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs_
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Inspired air %
Expired air %
Nitrogen 78 78
Oxygen 21 18
Carbon dioxide
0.04 3
Noble gases 1 1
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C. Smoking and Pollution
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1. Smoke and air pollution have an effect on the breathing system
a. carbon monoxide reduces ability to carry oxygen
b. particles cause excess mucus
c. chemicals paralyze cilia
d. increased coughing breaks alveoli_
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2. Cigarette smoke has dramatic effects on health
a. bronchitis- more mucus produced
b. emphysema- violent coughing
c. nicotine addiction
d. tars can cause tumours (lung cancer)
3. Reasons why people smoke_
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The End
