M U S S O L I N I , H I T L E R A N D T H E R O A D T O W A R

T H E R I S E O F T H E D I C TAT O R S

K - W - L

1.Copy this chart into your notes. 2.Make a list of all the things you know about W.W.II 3.Make a list of all the things you want to learn.

T O TA L I TA R I O

" E V E R Y T H I N G W I T H I N T H E S TAT E , N O T H I N G O U T S I D E T H E S TAT E , N O T H I N G A G A I N S T T H E S TAT E . "

G L O B A L D E P R E S S I O N A N D D E S P E R AT I O N

• World War One and The Great Depression left people frustrated, hopeless and desperate for answers

• People wanted jobs, security and a strong leader to make it happen

• They had lost faith in their institutions

T O TA L I TA R I A N I S M A N D FA S C I S M

• Totalitarian governments rule using fear and oppression

• Fascism: radical authoritarian nationalism

I TA L I A N FA S C I S M & T H E M A R C H O N R O M E

• At the end of World War One Italy was deeply in debt, the government was in chaos and Italy received little that it was promised in the Treaty of Versailles

• Mussolini recruited unemployed ex-soldiers and formed squads dressed in black shirts to restore order to the streets and attack communists and anarchists

• In October 1922 Mussolini and the Blackshirts marched on Rome and took over the government with the support of the army and King Victor Emmanuel III

I L D U C E

• By 1925 Mussolini had dismantled democratic institutions and gave himself the title Il Duce (The Leader)

• Il Duce began a radical economic and social transformation of Italy that was both popular and successful

T H E R I S E O F M U S S O L I N I

“ T H E T R U T H I S M E N A R E T I R E D O F L I B E R T Y ” M U S S O L I N I

• 1921-1925 Italian economy grew by 20% and unemployment fell 77%

• All of Italian industry was restructured and expanded quickly

• Agricultural improvements increased wheat harvests

• Invaded the independent country of Ethiopia in Africa - The League of Nations ignored pleas for help from the nation

T H E G R E AT O R AT O R

“ M E N E F R E G O ”

• Many political enemies were murdered and thousands more sent to prison

• Mussolini created a “cult of personality”

• Foreign wars to distract and engage the public that led to thousands of deaths and suffering

• Every elected official in Italy was replaced by Fascist appointees

• Created a Fascist model of government that would be a model for Hitler

FA S C I S M I N S PA I N

• In 1936 Civil War broke out in Spain

• General Francisco Franco was inspired and received assistance from Mussolini and Hitler

• The League of Nations responded weakly to the intervention

• Hitler used the Spanish Civil War to test the military tactics and weapons the Germans would use in World War Two

T H E M A C - PA P S

• The Canadian government refused to get involved in the Spanish Civil War

• 1,700 Canadians volunteered to fight the fascists and formed the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion

G U E R N I C APA B L O P I C A S S O

T H E R I S E O F T O TA L I TA R I A N I S M I N J A PA N

• By the 1930’s militaristic, nationalist leaders dominated the Japanese government

• In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria in China and killed as many as 300,000 civilians

• Again, the League of Nations did not respond forcefully