The Road to 9/11Ideology and History

Wahhabism

• Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahhab (1703- 1792)

• Pure Islam- Elimination of innovation

• Basis for Saudi Arabia

Abdul Aziz Saud• 1876-1953

• Embraced Wahhabism

• September 22, 1932- The only modern state founded by Jihad

                                             

Muslim Brotherhood

• Hasan Al Banna (1906-1942) founds in 1920

• Return to power thru strict adherence to Islam

• Leadership imprisoned by Nasser

Hassan Al Banna

Sayyed Qutb

• Qutb (1906-1966) Wrote Signposts or Milestones

• Beliefs

– Violence against non-believers

– Radical Action to gain Power

• All impure governments must be overthrown

Qutb

Brothers• Mohammad Qutb- Taught at King Aziz

• Abdullah Azzam- Spritual founder of Hamas

• Ayman Al- Zawarhi- Al- Qaeda’s #2

The Bros.

Al-Zawarhi Abdullah Azzam

Who supports Fundamentalism?

*The Poor

*Uneducated

*Those who oppose the government

Why do they support it?

*Failure of Pan-Arabism

*Poverty

See failure as result of leaving the straight path

How do they get support?

*Oppose the government

*Provide social services: Madrsas

*Common enemy: US Israel

1979

• Iran- Ayatollah Khomeni

• Islamabad- Steve Crowley

• Attack on Kabba Mecca

Afghanistan• Mohammad Daoud- Seizes Power

7/17/1973

• He cracks down the Islamists.

• This creates resistance

Here They Come• April 1978 Daoud Arrests Communists

• He was shot and communists take over.

• 12/24/1979 Soviet Union invades to support communist government

Mujahdeen• Fighters in the Cause of God.

• Group of Many competing warlords.

• Pakistan and Saudi Arabia back Muslim Brotherhood Proxy fighters

The Jihad• The U.S. will back Afghan leaders such

as Massoud and Haq.

• Stingers Missiles turn tide of the battle.

• Soviets in their ‘Vietnam’

Soviets lose• April 14, 1988 Geneva Withdrawal of

troops

• February 15, 1989 Last Soviet Troops leave

• January 1, 1992 All aid the Afghanistan cut off

Taliban• Students of Islam or Seekers of

Knowledge

• Take over Afghanistan September 27, 1996

• Institute strict Islamic laws

Mullah Omar

• Lost right eye in Jihad

• Leader of the Taliban

• Blows up Buddhist statues

Mullah Omar