The Southern California Coastal Current Observing Systemneocoweb.ucsd.edu/sccoos/docs/SCCOOS_COCMP_draft.pdf · 2004-05-05 · The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System 1

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System

A proposal submitted to the California Coastal Conservancy by theSouthern California Coastal Ocean Observing System

(SCCOOS)


Project Summary

The Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS) is a consortium of elevenSouthern California universities and laboratories that extends from Northern Baja CA in Mexico toMorro Bay at the southern edge of central California, and aims to streamline, coordinate, andfurther develop individual institutional efforts by creating an integrated, multidisciplinary coastalobservatory in the Bight of Southern California. By leveraging existing infrastructure, partnerships,and private, local, state, and federal resources, SCCOOS plans to develop a fully operationalcoastal observation system to address issues related to coastal water quality, marine life resources,and coastal hazards for end user communities spanning local, state, and federal interests. Thissystem, based on new sensor and information technologies and providing seamless links betweenobservations, data management, and modeling, will provide, water quality managers, naturalresource managers, scientists, and policy makers with a solid scientific basis for evaluating theeffectiveness of current management strategies and designing new approaches, and would also serveas a risk management and early warning tool.

This proposal to the California State Coastal Conservancy represents a description andimplementation plan for the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP) in SouthernCalifornia. It has been designed to provide ocean current monitoring infrastructure for the regionon a variety of space and time scales in a manner that is best suited for the broad range of needs inthis region. Data and information products will be made available in real-time where possible, andintegrated with monitoring data obtained by existing data provider user groups.

The proposed system elements include surface current mapping by HF radar; high resolution (GPS-tracked) drifters; propeller and buoyancy driven autonomous platforms which will continuouslysurvey the nearshore region; fixed current measurements from an ADCP mooring in Santa MonicaBay as well as the integration of data from nearly a dozen current moorings maintained by localagencies including the Orange County Sanitation District, the city of Los Angeles, and LA County;surf zone current measurements and modeling; a Regional Ocean Modeling System with dataassimilation for robust nowcasting and forecasting of the physical and biological properties of theocean; acquisition, storage, and distribution of remote sensing data products including ocean color,AVHRR for sea surface temperature, and scatterometry for wind field measurements; and ITinfrastructure with wireless networking where needed based on the requirements of the recentOcean.US DMAC (Data Management and Communications) recommendations.

SCCOOS is coordinating with colleagues in Northern California to ensure a unified statewidesystem, stretching from Mexico to Oregon, that integrates parallel observations and architectures,and that effectively expands monitoring and data delivery capabilities to take advantage of aneconomy of scale. .


Table of Contents page #1. Introduction 42. System Elements 5

HF Radar 5Nearshore 8Subsurface Observations 9Satellite Observations 11Ocean Modeling 11

3. System Integration 13Sustained Operations 13Data Management and Communications 13Interoperability 14Federally sponsored observing system initiatives 15

4. Product Development, Outreach and Benefits to State Management Priorities 15Product Descriptions

Surface Currents 15Subsurface Currents 15Surfzone and Nearshore Currents 15Subsurface Water Properties 16Sea Level 16Satellite Observations 16Surface Meteorology 16

Product ApplicationsWater Quality 16Oil Spill Response 17Natural Resources 17Coastal Erosion 17Vessel Traffic Aids 17Search and Rescue 17

5. Internal Program Management 176. Program Schedule 197. Development of Operational Funding 208. Cost Sharing 209. References Cited 2110. Biographical Sketches11. Budget and Justification12. Supplementary Documentary


1. IntroductionIn recent years, California has made great strides in mitigating environmental threats to water

quality. The implementation of strict water quality regulations and the development of rapid indicatorscontinue to yield health and economic benefits to our valuable coastal ecosystems and the populations theysupport. However, further progress is hampered by a lack of understanding of fundamental near shoreprocesses and a lack of environmental information that would enable us to forecast, analyze, and respond towater quality problems. The scarcity of observations on coastal ecosystems of sufficient duration, spatialextent, and resolution, and the lack of real-time data telemetry, assimilation, and analysis are majorimpediments to the documentation of contamination patterns and the development of a predictiveunderstanding of environmental variability and change in California’s coastal waters.

The problem and potential risks are especially acute in Southern California where 20 million peoplelive within fifty miles of the coast. This area has a higher population density and higher economicproductivity than any other coastal region in the country. Clean beaches and coastal waters are central to boththe economy and lifestyle of Southern California.

Beach usage in California is higher than in the other 49 states combined. California attracts 175million people annually who spend $1.5 billion on tourism related activities. The beaches of SouthernCalifornia are the most popular, yet the region experiences more beach closures than any other along thewestern coastline of North America. With present knowledge and information, it is difficult to assess hownon-local sources of marine pollution may contribute to beach contamination problems, resulting in stalledmitigation and abatement efforts. Real-time information delivered to scientists, agencies, and the public willenhance our ability to respond to beach water quality issues and minimize the potential for human exposure.

Pollutant inputs to coastal waters by dry and wet weather, non-point source runoff represent a majorwater quality concern in both urban and agricultural areas. The State Water Quality Control Board intends toregulate these discharges through the establishment of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs).Development of meaningful TMDLs by this agency and consequent compliance monitoring requires the bestpossible information on water movements and water quality variability in the coastal zone.

Beach replenishment projects in Southern California are often stalled by lack of understanding ofwhere dredge spill can be transported and how the fine sediments might negatively impact coastal ecology.New environmental monitoring efforts are needed to assist in evaluating proposed Marine Protected Areasand wetlands restoration efforts. Additional information is also required to support regional coastalmanagement by improving our predictive capabilities and assessments of the impacts of increasingurbanization and climate change.

Southern California coastal counties lead the State in toxic spills. According to a report released byCalifornia’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR), of 2,262 spills statewide in 2002, about 1000occurred in four Southern California coastal counties (Santa Barbara, Orange, Los Angeles, and San Diego).There is a clear need to grow coastal observational capacities to support multiple daily spills. Increasingenergy-use places the Southern California Bight at higher risk for offshore oil spills. Of particular concern inthe Southern California Bight is lightering between Very Large Crude Carriers and smaller shuttle tankersand the potential siting of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminals in the near term adjacent to the U.S.Border in Rosarito Beach, MX and additional future sites identified for the Long Beach region. Enhancedenvironmental monitoring will also be required for the coastal zone as a result of planned developments fordesalinization plants with brine discharges into the ocean. Understanding the transport and fate of the brinewill be the first step in creating monitoring programs to understand the ecological impacts of these facilities.

Search and rescue operations are frequent in Southern California as a result of high levels ofcommercial and recreational boating, the growth of cruise liners, and the numerous coastline airports that useover-water approaches. Operational real-time wind and near-surface current fields that drive spill motion atsea directly address ocean spill and search and rescue response goals.

A Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, based on new sensor and informationtechnologies and providing seamless links between observations, data management, and modeling, willprovide scientists, water quality managers, natural resource managers, and policy makers with a solidscientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of present management strategies and in designing new


approaches. The ability of data and information from this system to be accessed in real-time will enable thistechnology to serve as a risk management and early warning tool, a platform for the development of nextgeneration sensors and scientific discovery, and a tool for broad-based science education for both agenciesand the public at large. COCMP-funded, current monitoring infrastructure will provide the underpinningsfor this system.

2. System ElementsSCCOOS has designed a coastal current observing system in response to COCMP that implements a

strategy for synthesizing a broad suite of system components, which monitor the ocean on a range of spaceand time scales. Central to the integration of these components is a dynamical model of the ocean that isinitialized and constrained in near real-time by the different observational data sets. The use of ocean modelsto provide context for the observations is an attractive approach for providing consistency in resolvingoceanic information across space or time domains that may extend beyond any one observation technology.We have budgeted all system elements over a 3-year period of performance.definitions:ADV – Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. An oceanographic sensor, which provides a point measurement of water motionin three spatial dimensions and time.AUV – Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. A small, propeller driven vehicle, which serves as a platform for underwaterobservations. An AUV can be operated at speeds of a few knots for durations up to 1 day.ADCP – Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. An underwater sensor that uses underwater sound to profile ocean currentsthroughout the water column.Glider – An autonomous, winged underwater vehicle. The glider propels itself by changing its buoyancy allowinghorizontal translation as it sinks/rises in the water. Slower than an AUV, a glider can be operated autonomously forapproximately four months without recovery.HF Radar – High Frequency radar, often referred to as CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar) andsurface current mapping. This is a high frequency radio technique that allows the creation of time series of spatial mapsof ocean surface currents.ROMS – Regional Ocean Modeling System. A dynamical model of ocean processes. Models, integrating the physicsof fluid dynamics are initialized and constrained with observational data, to provide insight in those regions that can’t beobserved as well as a predictive capability.SCCCOOS – The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System, this proposal.

HF RadarThe measurement principle for HF radar is based upon the measurement of the speed of ocean waves

which is the sum of the wave speed and the surface currents on which they are riding. Radio waves, tunedto a specific length of ocean wave, are transmitted from shore, scattered off the ocean surface, andsubsequently received back on shore with a directional antenna. Through appropriate Doppler signalprocessing of the signal scattered from the waves, currents are determined at a large number of discretelocations, referred to as range cells, in straight lines radiating from the transmit/receive antenna site. Byobserving the same patch of water using radars located at two or more different viewing angles, the surfacecurrent radial velocity components can be summed to determine the total surface current velocity vector.More details regarding the principles behind HF radar based measurement of ocean currents can be found at:http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu/technology/operation.cfm.

In general, HF radars can be classified into 2 groups:a) short range systems operating at 13 or 25MHz with resolutions of .5-1.5km and ranges of order 30-40

kmb) long range systems operating at 4-5MHz with resolutions of 6-10km and ranges of order 150-180 km

This technique, can be implemented using a number of different technical approaches. One of the morecommon, and commercially available hardware approaches is the Seasondetm manufactured by Codar OceanSensors, Palo Alto, California. Unique to the Seasondetm is the use of a compact antenna design that allows


the system to have a small footprint when deployed on the coast, an attractive feature for developedcoastlines.

A simplified approach to HF radar array design for a region can be undertaken with the followingconsiderations:1. Length of coastline that is to be monitored.2. Resources available to implement the monitoring system.3. Range resolution and offshore extent of desired surface current monitoring.4. Unit costs are similar for the installation and operation of long and short range systems.

Using these factors, and assuming that the spatial resolution at which currents are monitored aredriven by user needs, the array design is governed by decisions of how much coastline should be monitoredand the total resources available.

Guided by the management needs which require observations at the highest resolution, a populationdensity distributed throughout coastal Southern California, and shifts in management approaches that nowrecognize the need for regional monitoring plans, the SCCOOS consortium has developed an implementationplan that focuses on an extensive application of high resolution / short range systems. This plan calls for anarray that will provide seamless coverage from the U.S-Mexico border to Morro Bay. The choice of thisapproach is consistent with the specified 24 nautical mile region of interest defined in the COCMP RFP andState management jurisdictions for coastal waters that extend 3 miles seaward of the coastline. The coveragethat would be realized by this approach and the sub-region responsibilities of SCCOOS consortium membersis shown in figure 1. An interactive GIS developed for site planning purposes can be accessed athttp://sdcoos/SoCal/.

Figure 1. High Resolution HF radar array coverage for Southern California. Coverage illustrates operationalresponsibilities of SCCOOS consortium members.


This array will be deployed with site spacing of order 20-40km along the coastline and at offshoresites on the Channel Islands. Island sites are advantageous for nearshore monitoring since they allow the HFradar system to take advantage of an excellent geometry by exploiting large angle intersecting radial currentmeasurements. The proposed infrastructure leverages nine existing sites funded by the California CleanBeaches Initiative and Mexican government in South Bay San Diego / northern Baja California(http://www.sdcoos.ucsd.edu) and sites in the Santa Barbara region funded by the federal MineralsManagement Service and private foundations (http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/iog/codar.htm). SCCOOS willplan, install, calibrate, and operate 20 new sites in the region to monitor currents at a nominal spatialresolution of 1km on an hourly basis. All data will be available in real-time on a modern data grid. Thetechnical challenges of providing connectivity to offshore sites and providing autonomous power via solarand wind resources have already been treated by SCCOOS consortium members.

While the SCCOOS design philosophy for the COCMP HF radar element focuses the Stateresources nearshore to regions directly related to agency-mandated needs, some allowances have been madeto provide offshore, long-range coverage within the purview of COCMP. This allowance leverages four sitesthat are not requested in the SCCOOS COCMP proposal: 2 sites to the north that will be supported byCenCOOS investment via COCMP and two sites to the south that will be acquired from SCCOOS/NOAAfederal funds. Two COCMP sponsored long range sites are proposed at Pt. Dume and the north end of SanClemente Island to provide statewide connectivity and some degree of monitoring capability within theChannel Islands which are identified as potential sites for Marine Protected Areas. SCCOOS consortiumsystem responsibilities for this component are identified in Table 1.

Figure 2. Coverage in Southern California as provided by long range HF radars. The two systems to the northare proposed to COCMP by CenCOOS, the systems in the middle (sites 3,4) are proposed in this proposal, andthe two systems to the south are supported by NOAA SCCOOS funding.


Table 1. Operational responsibilities geographically distributed to SCCOOS consortium members in the region, and thenumber of technicians that will operate from those sites (per year) for the 3 year period of performance. ReferenceFigures 1 and 2 for the CODAR site locations. (Note: an asterisk indicates that the site is an existing site, or one thatis federally sponsored, that will be integrated into the proposed SCCOOS nested array.)

Responsible Institution Short Range Site # Long Range Site Number # tech FTE, yrs1-3Cal Poly San Luis Obisbo 1, 2, 4 1,2 *LR sites proposed by

CenCOOS2,2,2 * techs areCenCOOS funded

U.C. Santa Barbara 6, 7, 8, 9*, 10*, 11*, 12*, 13,14, 15

3 2.5,3.5,3.5

University of Southern California 16, 17, 18, 19, 22 1.5,2,2

Scripps Institution of Oceanography 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27*,28*, 29*

4,5*,6* 2.5,3.5,3.5

UABC/CICESE 30* n/c n/c

Units required to complete array 20 2

NearshoreThe nearshore, defined as the region extending from the shoreline to approximately 2 km offshore

(roughly 30-m water depth), consists of the surfzone (within a few 100~m of the shoreline) and the transitionzone (seaward of the surfzone). The nearshore is the most heavily used part of the coastal ocean, and is alsothe region where water quality is most seriously impacted by pollutants.

Although nearshore currents are critical to prediction of the fate and origin of point and non-pointpollutants, they cannot be observed continuously in time over large areas because they are inshore of HFRadar coverage. To improve prediction of nearshore currents, in-situ observations spanning relatively smallregions for limited time periods will be used to validate and calibrate nearshore models that can be appliedcontinuously over larger areas. The sites selected for intensive observations have persistent, serious waterquality problems so the resulting current maps will also be useful, site-specific near-real-time products.

Complementary observations of nearshore currents will be made with drifters, bottom-mountedsurfzone sensors, and ADCPs mounted on moorings and on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Themoorings will include thermister chains and a bottom pressure sensor. The drifters provide trajectories ofpassive, near-surface pollutants. The continuous velocities over the water column provided at a few locationsby moored ADCPs are complemented by the spatially extensive observations of AUV-mounted ADCPs.ADCPs perform poorly in bubbly surfzone waters, so single-point flowmeters (ADVs) will be used.

In year 1, instruments will be purchased and prepared for deployments. The first month-longdeployment (year 2) at Imperial Beach will complement an operational HF Radar and some existingnearshore infrastructure. The surfzone component will include a cross-shore transect of 7 bottom-mountedpressure sensors and ADVs deployed between the shoreline and about 6-m depth. The data will be cabled toshore. On 10-15 days during each month, approximately 15 surfzone drifters will be repeatedlyreleased/retrieved/reseeded along a several km-long reach of beach. Bathymetry, which strongly affectsnearshore currents, will be surveyed with a GPS-equipped jet ski. Two transition-region moorings will bedeployed in 15~m water depth for a 3-month period centered around the 1-month deployment of the otherinstruments. Data will be telemetered to shore in real time. For five three-day stretches during the month, 16(non-surfzone) drifters will be repeatedly deployed in a grid covering the focus area. Surfzone and transitionregion drifter deployments will be coordinated. AUV surveys, using CTDs and upward- and downward-looking ADCPs, will be obtained 12-hrs/day throughout the month. The survey pattern will be designed tocover the focus area within three hours, to resolve adequately tidal motions. The second month-longdeployment (year 3), at Huntington Beach or within Santa Monica Bay, will include transition zoneobservations similar to Imperial Beach but no observations in the surfzone. All data will be provided toSCCOOS data management for distribution on the web.

A simplified surf zone model, based on idealized current dynamics and customized California DataInformation Program (http://cdip.ucsd.edu) wave field forecasts, will be implemented for the Southern


California Bight. Forecasts of the magnitude of alongshore-directed surfzone currents will be generated at200m alongshore spacing, and provided both in real time and through an online accessible archive. At theImperial Beach and Santa Monica Bay measurement sites, the alongshore current model will be extended tospan from the shoreline to 2km offshore, and will utilize fine-scale local bathymetry, ROMS generatedpressure fields, and wind fields.

Subsurface ObservationsBecause both surface forcing and subsurface dynamics cause surface currents, subsurface

observations are necessary to our strategy of using a dynamical model to synthesize SCCCOS observations.Furthermore, some water quality and marine resource issues that depend directly on subsurface conditionscan be approached directly with subsurface observations. Consequently, SCCCOS includes sustainedobservations to:1. Describe the subsurface circulation upon which surface currents ride. This will be done by directobservation and geostrophic calculation based on density data. These currents are central to constrainingROMS and the data will be directly applicable to issues like sediment transport and the mechanisms forecological changes associated with climatic patterns (ENSO).2. Describe subsurface density stratification. From this dynamically significant characteristics like mixed-layer depth (which affects phytoplankton and how winds force surface currents) and the depth of thethermocline can be determined. Practical questions, like whether an outfall plume will surface, can beaddressed directly with such data.

The primary use of these data will be to:1. Constrain the data-assimilating ROMS. This will increase the accuracy of ROMS analyses and, even moreso, improve ROMS predictions.2. Provide relatively frequently sampled time series. These will augment the few time series sites in theBight and the more extensive but infrequently sampled water-quality and CalCOFI surveys. Well-sampledtime series are essential for describing storm-driven water quality events, for tuning the parameterizations ofdynamical models like ROMS, and for establishing a climatological database for examining ecologicalchanges and other long-term issues.

The subsurface component of the SCCCOS makes use of a fleet of three underwater gliders forautonomous profiling, an offshore mooring in Santa Monica Bay, and a pair of repeated temperature, densityand depth sections carried out from ferries using a underway CTD. These observations will complementSCCOOS observation supported by NOAA including (a) nearshore moorings at Santa Barbara and La Jolla,(b) 3 glider sections from the mainland to Channel Islands, and (c) quarterly CalCOFI surveys. In addition,observations made by other programs will be integrated by SCCCOS into its database: CTD/rosette surveysand inner shelf moorings in the Santa Barbara Channel and north to Point Sal made as part of the SantaBarbara Channel Long-Term Ecological Research (SBC-LTER) and Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studiesof Coastal Oceans (PISCO) programs; and nearly a dozen current moorings maintained by local agenciesincluding the Orange County Sanitation District, the city of Los Angeles, LA County, and USGS. Figure 3depicts both the proposed SCCCOS observations and some of NOAA-funded SCCOOS measurements.Underwater Gliders. Underwater gliders are a class of AUVs that glide forward very slowly (25 km/ day)while alternately diving and surfacing. Profiles of temperature, salinity, velocity and one optical propertylike chlorophyll fluorescence are measured along the saw-tooth pattern that results from gliding up and downat a glide ratio near 1:4. SIO will build and operate three ‘Spray’ gliders along paths like those shown in thefigure that extend about 40 km offshore between Santa Monica Bay and the Mexican border. Profiles will betaken to 500 m depth (or the bottom). Operations will be made as continuous as possible by borrowinggliders from SIO’s glider inventory for turn-arounds. Sections of temperature and velocity will be availableto ROMS and the SCCOOS website within an hour while salinity and density may be delayed until manualquality control can be applied during normal working hours. An example of the types of data generated by aglider are shown in figure 4.


Santa Monica Bay Mooring (33.931oN, 118.752oW). A mooring will be located (blue triangle figure 3) inthe northwest corner of Santa Monica Bay in 450 m deep water approximately 7 miles offshore at a sitewhere UCLA maintained a mooring from June 2001 to August 2003. The new mooring will be configuredwith a very near-surface ADV, a down looking acoustic Doppler current meter (ADCP), and temperature andconductivity sensors throughout the water column. Meteorological measurements will be made with aconventional station mounted on the buoy.

These all support determining surface currents either directly (the near-surface current meter) orindirectly by through model initialization, assimilation and validation. All measurements will be telemeteredto shore stations in real-time. Under separate funding, the mooring will also have instruments to measurevarious water quality properties, including hyperspectral radiometers and absorption-attenuation meters,important for HAB species identification and specific water quality signatures, spectral fluorometers toquantify hydrocarbon and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) levels, and spectral backscattering formeasurement of turbidity and particle type, size distribution, and concentration. Nutrients and oxygen

Figure 3. Array ofsubsurface observations.

Green shows glider lines andmoorings in NOAA-supportedarray.

Blue lines are bi-weeklySCCCOS Underway CTDsections.

Blue triangle is Santa MonicaBay oceanographic andmeteorological mooring.

Red and Magenta lines areSCCCOS glider trackscompleted every 10-12 days.

Figure 4. An example of depth integrated currents (left)and ocean temperatures (right) along a survey trackmaintained by a glider.


demand will be quantified using in situ optically based nutrient sensors and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors.Underway CTDs. Underway CTDs are new instruments developed at SIO that provide vertical profiles oftemperature, salinity, and density to depths of 400 m from ships moving at up to 20 knots. Underway CTDswill be deployed every two weeks along two ferry routes between the mainland and islands: 1) San Pedro toAvalon on Catalina Island; 2) Ventura Harbor to Santa Cruz Island (see Fig. 3). Five to seven verticalprofiles of water properties will be obtained along each route every 2 weeks. Data will be quality checkedafter each transect and forwarded to the SCCCOS system within a day.

Satellite ObservationsThe purpose of this task is to provide improved predictive capabilities for identifying and tracking

pollutant, contaminant and toxin-containing coastal hazards (i.e., stormwater & wastewater plumes, oilseepage & spills and harmful algal blooms) off southern California. The use of multi-sensor remote sensingdata will enable direct and/or indirect characterization of the surface signatures of these hazards, identifyhow they are affected and/or initiated by varying environmental conditions and initial source composition,and assess their transport via surface currents (e.g., DiGiacomo et al., 2004).

Feature detection, classification and tracking algorithms will be developed and applied to a numberof coincident and complementary remotely sensed data sets to identify and characterize, in near-real time, thelocation and transport of pollutant, contaminant and toxin-containing coastal hazards, including the impactfrom variable physical forcing.

Data sets derived from satellite ocean color sensors (including NASA’s MODIS sensor and theIndian Space Agency’s OCM sensor) will primarily be utilized in this task. These data, which are collectedseveral times a day (cloud permitting) at a ground resolution between 250 m and 1000 m, provide opticalsignatures that can be used to discriminate high particulate loading associated with stormwater andwastewater plumes, as well as characterize toxic bloom dynamics (e.g., Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and domoicacid production) via pigment properties. Our algorithms will be developed based on standard featuredetection and classification methodologies. Training sets will be extracted from historical data sets, and fromthese statistical models constructed to separately describe each type of hazard. The statistical models willthen be used as input to a standard classifier, such as the k-nearest neighbor or maximum likelihoodclassifier, to automatically detect and classify hazards in near-real-time data. Tracking algorithms will alsobe developed to map the development of the features through space and time from initial forcing andevolving dynamical processes, thereby enabling the monitoring and potential prediction of the transport ofthese coastal hazards.

In addition, empirical relationships will be established between these ocean color fields and key insitu environmental parameters (i.e., toxicity and bacteria levels) as monitored as part of the Bight ’03 WaterQuality Project (which will continue into late 2004) and ongoing agency monitoring. The satellite oceancolor data will be coupled with satellite sea-surface temperature fields to further feature tracking capabilities,as well as with satellite wind fields (QuikSCAT) and HF radar-derived current fields for determination oftheir forcing and transport. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) surface roughness fields will be used to developdemonstration capabilities and products for oil spills and seepage as well as stormwater and wastewaterplumes, but will not be utilized operationally given the tremendous costs of acquiring real-time SAR data;these data can potentially be acquired on an emergency basis by the state, however, should the need arise.Derived risk assessment products from non-SAR satellites will be generated in real-time, integrated with thecurrent monitoring data, and provided to the public using the internet.

Modeling

The proposed ocean model will be based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)developed at UCLA. ROMS solves the primitive equations in an Earth-centered rotated Cartesian system ofcoordinates. The Boussinesq approximation (i.e. where density variations are neglected everywhere except inthe gravitational force) is used. ROMS is discretized in coastline- and terrain-following curvilinearcoordinates. ROMS is discretized on a structured grid, so local refinement can be performed via nested grids(i.e., fixed high-resolution local models embedded in larger coarse-grid models). The interactions between


the two components are twofold: the lateral boundary conditions for the fine grid are supplied by the coarse-grid solution, while the latter is updated from the fine grid solution in the area covered by both grids (Blayoand Debreu, 1999). Long-term simulations have been made to obtain the equilibrium solution. The embeddedsolution shows no discontinuities at the nested domain boundary and a valid representation of the upwellingstructure, at a CPU cost only slightly greater than for the inner region alone.

Building on our recent success with a 3-level nested ROMS grid with spatial resolutions of 15-km, 5-km, and 1.5-km in the Monterey Bay, we have demonstrated a 4-level nested grid centered around the SantaMonica and San Pedro Bays with spatial resolutions of 21-km, 6.6-km, 2.2-km, and 0.75-km, respectively.Preliminary results from this 4-level nested ROMS with coupled physics and biology are very encouraging.In addition to the coastal upwelling and the associated variability, we have documented a number ofmesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddies including their generation, propagation and interactions with coastaland island topography. With a capability of coupling physics with biology, we have found a significantincrease in the biological production (reflected in surface chlorophyll concentration) in the center of thesecyclonic eddies.

One of the unique features of the proposed ROMS data assimilation method (based on the three-dimensional variational method or 3DVAR) is that it can propagate observational information, which is oftensporadically and irregularly distributed, in both space and time. Assimilation of HF radar measurements intoadvanced numerical oceanic models, while a challenging and not yet proven capacity in the modelingcommunity, should help to initialize and constrain the model when coupled with the other sub-surfacemeasurements planned. The data assimilation system planned for the operational program will allowinformation to be spread to data-void areas and extrapolate the surface information to depths.

The success of any data assimilation system depends to a larger degree on the quality of theunderlying prognostic model which represents the physics of water motion in the complex ocean surfacelayer. In addition to the traditional in situ and satellite observations, we plan to systematically evaluate theveracity of the proposed ROMS configuration through validations against the HF radar data (including boththe current vector and the raw radial current). The model evaluation will provide guidance to our ongoingmodel development work and experiment design. Over the course of the project we will carry out a numberof model sensitivity experiments exploring issues of resolution sensitivity, role of side boundary conditions,and surface forcing formulations. We also plan to rectify model biases that are revealed, and incorporateimproved forcing, numerics and parameterizations as they become available. While experimental in nature,outcomes of these efforts will improve the fidelity of the operational model and will be transitioned asappropriate.

The effectiveness of HF radar data assimilation depends upon the construction of covariancefunctions for the surface current. Realistic covariances need to accurately represent the scales and structuresof the observed HF radar currents. In the proposed project, we will use both observed currents and high-resolution ROMS simulations to estimate covariance functions and orthogonal functional representations(basis functions) that factor the covariances. These will be used both for the basic surface current product incollaboration with the HF radar group and for the assimilation of HF radar data in ROMS.

We plan to run the proposed ROMS configuration in within about six hours of real-time. Theproposed ROMS has capabilities of assimilating both in situ (e.g., gliders, ship CTDs, moorings, AUVs) andremote sensing (including satellite and HF radar) observations and coupling physics with biology. All themodel results can be accessed through a web site with analysis and visualization capabilities.

At UCLA, Rob Fovell and Alex Hall will produce high resolution (~ 3 km) winds for the SouthernCalifornia Bight region by initializing a mesoscale model with products downscaled from a coarserresolution atmospheric model. Initially, the high resolution model will be PSU/NCAR mesoscale model(MM5), building on existing capabilities with this tool at UCLA. Within one year, the MM5 model will betransitioned to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a more advanced mesoscaleatmospheric model being developed at NCAR. We will downscale two independent coarser resolutionatmospheric products: (1) the 9 km resolution COAMPS data, and (2) the 40 km resolution eta model datafrom NCEP, providing two high resolution wind products for ensemble runs of ROMS. We will also blendthe model winds with the QuikSCAT winds using the technique of Chao et al (2003), providing a third windproduct to add to the ensemble. Atmospheric model runs will be made once per day, with each run


containing a three-day forecast. Hourly output will be made available for ocean runs once per dayapproximately 24 hours behind real time.

3. System Integration

Sustained OperationsThe system elements described above fall under two categories of operation. The first category is a

mode of year-round, 24/7 real-time operations whereby elements will be developed to provide routinemonitoring of the coastal environment with maintenance tasks designed to be performed by skilled personnelon a 8-5, M-F basis. These elements include the surface current mapping, underwater gliders, satelliteobservations, real-time moorings, underway CTD, and surf-zone, wind field, and offshore modeling efforts.An outlined goal for COCMP deliverables is to make the above system elements operational in 3 years, andprovide integrated, informational products derived from these observations in real-time where applicable.

The second category of SCCOOS COCMP operation are intensive periods of observations that maypersist for 1-6 months. Data from these intensive observation periods will be used to tune, validate, andsupport the development of the ocean nowcasting and forecasting models. These special periods of operationare to take place at sites that were selected because they are regions where models presently have predictiondifficulties due to environmental complexity, the types of measurements required cannot be maintained on anoperational basis without great costs, and/or the sites are regions of enhanced management needs (eg.Imperial Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Monica Bay).

Data Management and CommunicationThe SCCOOS COCMP program will be served by a near-real-time data management system

developed through the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research (NSF ITR) program –Real-time Observatories, Applications, and Data management Network (ROADNet http://roadnet.ucsd.edu).The scope of ROADNet entails the integration of many different sensor types into a common data buffering,transport, and analysis system (referred to as a virtual object ring buffer - VORB). ROADNet is supportingmany additional sensor platforms including large number seismic sensors, sensor networks within the SanDiego Coastal Ocean Observing System (http://sdcoos.ucsd.edu/), UCSD's Climate Research micro-climateinvestigation array at SDSU's Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, meteorological sensors, geodetic laserstrain meters, and portions of the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN) (for example seeBock et al., 2004; Braun et al., 2002; Lindquist et al., 2003; Rajasekar et al., 2004; Vernon et al.,2003).. To support this network of networks, we have deployed a number of dynamic ring buffers based onthe Boulder Real Time Technologies Antelope software package. Historically, data transport for sensornetworks has been configured by hand. This has resulted in a tedious and expensive process and changes areoften subject to operator error and valuable investments of time.

To solve these and other problems, we have developed and deployed a dynamic routing protocol thattransports data reliably between various buffer and repository locations. This system enables self-healing ofdata transport paths should a buffer or network link fail in an existing path. The real-time data areimmediately integrated in to a larger data management system based on modern grid technologies. ForCOCMP, this would represent the statewide array of order 40 or more HF radar systems which will bereporting data back to regionally distributed nodes. Grids are distributed systems that enable the sharing,selection, and aggregation of resources distributed across "multiple" administrative domains based onavailability, capability, performance, cost and quality-of-service requirements Data grids enable sharing ofdata and information while computation grids (not proposed here) deliver computational resources ondemand. In particular, ROADNet exploits the capabilities of the San Diego Supercomputer’s StorageResource Broker Broker (Moore, 2004; Rajasekar et al., 2002). Figure 5 illustrates a grid that iscomposed of sensors (at bottom), the replication and sharing of these data onto distributed servers (lower tierof middle box), applications which can seamlessly interface to these distributed data (top tier of middle box),and access and publication of meta-data catalogs (left box). The data grid has an arbitrary number of servers.The bottom layer of the SRB comprises archives on various tape and disk media, file systems such as Mac


OSX, UNIX/Solaris, Linux, databases like Oracle, and, based on ROADNet, VORB providing real-time dataand metadata from sensor networks. The top layer provides a variety of applications programming interfaces(API) for WWW pages, web services, as well as the oceanographic community’s DODS/OpenDap system.ROADNet is fully compliant with the requirements of the Ocean.US Data Management and Communications(DMAC) report. While we intend to install the SRB at JPL to complement the server at Scripps, weanticipate that all the SCCOOS institutions will install local SRB’s and automatically replicate much of thedata available on the original SCCOOS servers.

This proposal provides the funding necessary to establish the ROADNet VORB/SRB for theSCCOOS HF radar data. The system is already working to integrate real-time HF radar data from Scripps,UCSB, and Rutgers University in New Jersey with expected expansions to include the Naval PostgraduateSchool, NOAA, and University of Connecticut this summer. The extension and scaled system supportthroughout SCCOOS will be straightforward. The same ROADNet systems will be installed in northernCalifornia through CenCOOS to allow statewide integration of the full suite of hf radar current data andcontinuity for statewide access to data. Given that the systems currently work efficiently with Rutgers, wewill propose to expand the connectivity as the national network grows. In SCCOOS, our existing fundingfrom NOAA is being used to incorporate other data within the Southern California Bight obtained byconsortium partners and agencies alike. (e.g. Southern California discharge community, CDIP, meteorology,water sampling, and hydrography) into ROADNet and the SRB. While the HF radar sensor network and datasets will be the most extensive set of systems in COCOMP which have commonality, the SCCOOS datasystem will also be configured to operate in a similar manner for the other observational and modelingcomponents to allow broad access and distribution of both real-time and archived data. The SCCOOS datamanagement program will also be responsible for specifying, designing, and implementing the data telemetrysystem for the HF radar systems to provide a stable and efficient statewide system.

Interoperability

All systems within COCMP will be integrated using the appropriate data management tools asdescribed above. Web interfaces which allow easy access to data and products will be provided to thepublic. A data integration component will support an expert user to interface with existing data provider/usergroups both within and outside of the COCMP implementation to determine best practices for integratingtheir data sources (static and dynamic) in the SCCOOS data system. Examples include mooring data from


existing agencies (eg. Orange County Sanitation District) that is telemetered to shore, generating archives forbottom mounted ADCPS that are operated by other discharge agencies, water quality data from public healthagencies, hydrographic data collected by NPDES permit holders, national water level and NOAA tidegauges, and networks of meteorological sensors operated by the National Weather service. This effort willalso include the generation of graphical tools that allow the examination of these data sets in the context ofregional data sets (both real-time and archives) created by SCCOOS.

Federal Integrated Ocean Observation System ProgramThe system elements, data management strategy, and operational goals of SCCOOS to plan, design,

build, and operate a science based decision support system are entirely consistent with the Ocean.US visionof an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). While the plans and protocols for IOOS are evolving, theSCCOOS Regional Association will be able to ensure interoperability of COCMP with IOOS due to theinvolvement of SCCOOS consortia members with IOOS and other federal ocean observing planning efforts.These members includes Dr. Stephen Weisberg who is a member of the GOOS steering committee, Dr. JohnOrcutt, Chair of SCCOOS and one of two SCCOOS representatives to the National Federation of RegionalAssociations (Marco Gonzalez, Esq. Coastal Law Group is the second representative), Dr. Paul DiGiacomo,NASA IOOS representative, Dr. Eric Terrill, principal investigator for NOAA sponsored SCCOOSorganization and outreach efforts, Dr. Russ Davis, southwest representative to the Pacific Coastal ObservingSystem (PACOS), Dr. John Hunter, Pacos Coordinator, and Dr. Libe Washburn, Ocean.US Surface CurrentMapping Initiative steering committee meeting. In addition, SCCOOS is receiving NOAA federal funds forthe implementation of a coastal observing pilot project which has been designed to complement COCMPand existing federally sponsored observing system components such as the California Data InformationProgram (CDIP), CalCOFI, and Santa Barbara LTER. The State focus of COCMP will also dovetail with theSurface Currents Mapping Initiative which seeks to develop operational support, infrastructure, and productsfor federal end-users.

4. Product Development, Outreach and Benefits to State of California Management PrioritiesThe operation, integration, and synthesis of the continuous observations of currents and related parameterssuch as temperature and salinity; satellite observations; and the operational model outputs as described by thesystem elements will provide informational products that will contribute to a range of State managementpriorities. A description of these products is presented, followed by their potential application to areas ofcoastal management and other users.Surface Currents• Maps of surface currents fields. These maps will evolve with COCMP in their level of sophistication. They willrange from quality controlled, hourly observations of the high resolution (1km) and long range (6-10km) resolution HFradar derived current fields to data-driven surface current maps from assimilating models that allow seamless currentmaps extend from the beach to waters offshore. Both real-time and archived data will be available to the public over theinternet.• Trajectory analyses will be conducted using the spatial surface current information to estimate the transport ofwater parcels as a function of time from particular origins. Trajectories will be available in realtime and archivesmaintained.Subsurface Currents• The three SCCCOS gliders and the Santa Monica Bay (SMB) mooring will provide new observations of subsurfacecurrents. These will be used to constrain the ROMS model but direct use of the data will be possible through a webpage that will show the recent time series of velocity from the SMB mooring and recently collected sections of velocityobserved by gliders. The NOAA-supported SCCOOS effort will gather other real-time velocity observations fromSCCOOS moorings near La Jolla and Santa Barbara as well as Orange County Water District and USGS currentprofilers along the coast. The SCCOOS data system will provide easy access to all integrated data sets.Surfzone and Nearshore Currents• For the Imperial Beach and Santa Monica Bay regions (15 km and 80 km alongshore reaches, respectively)interactive point-and-click web pages will be produced with real-time "nowcasts" of vertically-averaged alongshorecurrents in the nearshore, between the shoreline and about 2~km offshore. The alongshore resolution will be a few 100


m. The flow estimates, based on simplified models that are driven with observed (or modeled) winds, waves, andalongshore pressure gradients, will be updated at least daily.• The wave momentum stress which drives longshore, surf zone currents will be predicted for the SouthernCalifornia Bight as an extension of the California Data Information Program (http://cdip.ucsd.edu) using SCCOOSNOAA funding. Results from this effort will complement COCMP and be integrated.• During intensive month-long observations at selected sites, the fixed surfzone current meters, drifters, AUVs, andmoorings will provide complementary velocity products. The combined moored and AUV-mounted ADCPs willprovide estimates of the vertical, horizontal, and temporal variation of the flow field on the inner shelf (within 2 km ofshore, but seaward of the surfzone). Maps of inner-shelf drifter trajectories will be updated every 3 hours, and maps ofdaily averaged currents provided at the end of each sampling day. Surfzone flows will be mapped with fixed flowmetersand drifters. All products will be useful for model calibration and validation. Given experience, and knowledge of therelevant length and time scales, these velocity fields may be combined to produce full three-dimensional maps ofnearshore flows.Subsurface Water Properties• Density stratification data from the three SCCCOS gliders, the Santa Monica Bay (SMB) mooring, the UnderwayCTD sections from San Pedro to Avalon and Ventura to Santa Cruz Island will be published in near-real time by website.• ROMS assimilated products will provide 3-dimensional fields of temperature, salinity, currents and several selectedbiogeochemical parameters. The temporal resolution at which these products are available can spans scales rangingfrom hours to years.Sea Level• ROMS will provide sea level now casts and forecasts as driven by baroclinic and barotropic tides, local winds, andremote forcing. Sea Level predictions on the coastline will be available in real time on the web.Satellite Observations• Overlays of satellite observations of sea surface temperature and ocean color products such as primary productivity,total suspended matter, chlorophyll, diver visibility with surface current maps. Overlays will be created in near-realtime with an online archive.• Coastal hazard risk assessment fields for stormwater plume fields, red tide, harmful algal blooms will be producedin near-real time (=8 hours) and available daily on the internet.Surface Meteorology• Maps of surface wind fields and other meteorological properties (eg. air temperature, relative humidity) will beavailable at 3km resolution, 1 time per day. The daily report will include hourly predictions forecast over 3 days for adomain spanning the Southern California Bight.

Product Applications:Water QualitySource identification of the pollution which impacts the beaches and coastal waters that fall within thefootprint of the proposed Observing System when transport data is coupled with water quality monitoringresults.1) Observations of subsurface stratification indicating when outfall discharges may surface. Real-time predictions of

plume surfacing based upon EPA PLUMES model.2) Determination of the transport processes that carry bacteria or other pathogens to the beach, and thus identification

of periods when beach contamination is likely.3) Determining the transport and dispersion of plumes from known stormwater discharges and outfalls to identify

regions of impact4) Development of observational and management tools which may provide for early warning of the start and end of

beach contamination events to guide agency monitoring protocols and beach postings.5) Development of adaptive management protocols that may reduce the delivery of fecal bacteria to the region.

SCCOOS will be using NOAA funding to work with the water quality agencies in SouthernCalifornia to integrate agency monitoring data sets into the SCCOOS data system. The Southern CaliforniaCoastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) Commissioners Technical Advisory Group (CTAG) has beenidentified as the logical interface for SCCOOS in the generation of tailored products and transition ofSCCOOS products into their agency applications. This group will allow SCCOOS to directly communicatewith all existing agencies in the region.


The Beneficial Uses as identified in the State Water Resources Control Board California OceanPlan and the Basin Plans Regions 3,4,8,9 include Industrial Service Supply (IND), Navigation (NAV),Contact and Non- Contact Water Recreation (REC-1 and REC-2), Commercial and Sport Fishing (COMM),Marine Habitat (MAR), Wildlife Habitat (WILD), Preservation of Biological Habitats of SpecialSignificance (BIOL), Aquaculture (AQUA), Migration of Aquatic Organisms (MIGR), Shellfish Harvesting(SHELL), and Spawning, Reproduction and/or Early Development (SPWN). The beneficial uses that will bespecifically addressed in this project include Contact and Non-Contact Water Recreation (REC-1 and REC-2). The water quality goals associated with this project will ensure that beach waters are suitable for theREC-1 and REC-2 designated beneficial uses.

Oil Spill Response1. Real-time surface currents and trajectories for the tracking of spills.2. Real-time wind and wave fields for oil spill response operational needs.3. Statistical descriptions of circulation, wind, and waves for assessing risk to existing and future sites where spills

have a high probability of occurring.SCCOOS will provide products to federal (USCG, NOAA HAZMAT, USN, EPA), state (CA Office of SpillPrevention and Response) , and local (port districts, shipping and oil industry, marine safety offices)agencies.

Natural Resources1. Deriving trajectory statistics for estimating pathways of connectivity for coastal marine communities along the

California coast.2. Determining dominant flow patterns for fisheries modeling and stock assessments.3. Mapping current fields for locating and monitoring marine protected areas.SCCOOS will provide products to federal (National Marine Fisheries), state (CA Fish and Game), and otherinterested parties, including non-governmental organizations.

Coastal Erosion1. Analysis and prediction of wave climate changes along the coastline to assess risk for regions of high erosion.2. Application of the prediction of surf zone currents to forecast the longshore transport of sediments and define

regions of accretion and erosion within littoral cells.SCCOOS will provide products to local municipalities, the California Coastal Coalition, State agencies(Department of Resources), and Federal (Army Corp of Engineers, FEMA, NOAA, MMS).

Vessel Traffic Aids1. Sea level predictions are used to understand available draft of vessels entering/leaving port.2. Observations and predictions of waves, winds, and currents are of practical use to mariners for safe and efficient at-

sea operations.SCCOOS will provide products to California Department of Boats and Waterways, Souterhn California portdistricts, USCG, NOAA, and USN.

Search and Rescue1. Surface currents, wind, and wave products are useful to Search and Rescue (SAR) operations.SCCOOS will provide products to local marine safety offices, port districts, FAA, USCG, USN.

5. Internal Program ManagementAll financial matters related to contracts, grants, and accounting for the SCCOOS COCMP program

will be executed by the business office of the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), working with theappropriate offices at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California, San Diego. MPLwill also serve as the parent contracts and grants office for all SCCOOS consortium sub-awards. The MPLbusiness office is home to the NOAA Joint Institute of Marine Observations, and acts in a similar businesscapacity for SCCOOS NOAA funding.


The current SCCOOS governance structure which defines the Regional Association is shown belowin Figure 6. This architecture of this regional association has been designed to coordinate and leverage theexisting expertise with the Ocean Science Trust, observational efforts within the State, and provide flexibilityto meet the needs of the broad suite of data providers/users in Southern California. NOAA has fundedSCCOOS to strategically position the organization for certification within the federal Integrated OceanObserving System (IOOS) efforts in the coming years and as the certification is defined. For implementingCOCMP, SCCOOS has established an Operating Board, chaired by Dr. Russ Davis and filled by sixrepresentatives from the various COCMP system elements [HF radar, data management, satelliteobservations, nearshore, subsurface, and modeling]. The Operating Board is charged with system design,proposal planning, and resource allocation based upon system element relevance. This operating board willcontinue as an internal review panel to the system elements to ensure reasonable progress and performance.Components not meeting the original work plans may be subject to changes in funding that would besubmitted to the SCCOOS Board of Governors chaired by Dr. John Orcutt; the project PI. Anyprogrammatic changes would be communicated to the COCMP executive committee by representatives Dr.Mark Moline, Dr. Yi Chao, or Dr. Eric Terrill. A kick off meeting for COCMP implementers will be held inOctober 2004, followed by annual "all-hands" meetings to review COCMP efforts that will provide a forumfor broad comments on deliverables. It is anticipated that these meetings will also serve as an opportunityfor outside review by the State Coastal Conservancy. Implementers of components will be required to self-manage their progress and document performance. System elements that share multiple implementers (eg.the HF radar component), will have regular communication internally, and with those with parallel efforts inNorthern California. Data standards, as defined by working groups (or federal standards), must be adheredto.

Figure 6. The organizationstructure for the SouthernCalifornia Coastal OceanObserving System(SCCOOS) RegionalAssociation.


6. Program ScheduleProgram Component Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

HF radarparticipants: Cal Poly, UCSB,USC, SIO

* installation plan calls forinstallation of 22 HF radar sitesover the first 2 years averaging

• site assessment,permissions, frequencyallocation, site preparation, orderequipment, begin install• define standard operatingpractices

• continue installation,operation, and integration of HFradar systems• continue productdevelopment

• complete installations• continued integration withSCCOOS components• continued operation,validation, and productdevelopment.

Nearshore and Surfzone• observations: coastal drifter,deployments, AUV deployments,nearshore moorings, surfzonecurrent observations• surfzone and nearhosremodelingparticipants: Cal Poly, UCSB, SIO

• instrumentation purchasedand prepared for deployment• begin nearshore andsurfzone modeling efforts

• month long deployment ofnearshore and surfzoneinfrastructure at Imperial Beach• real-time data distributionon the web• continue modeling efforts,assimilate data

• deployment of transitionzone infrastructure (moorings,AUV, drifters) in the SantaMonica Bay/ Huntington Beacharea.

Subsurface Observations• glider array• Santa Monica Bay mooring• underway CTDmeasurementsparticipants: UCLA, UCSB, SIO

• build 3 gliders, set up dataQC and data relay to datasystem/models• deploy UCLA mooring• build underway CTDsystem, deploy on 2 vessels ofopportunity

• continue glider effort,QA/QC of data• maintain UCLA mooring• continue operation of CTDsystems, QA/QC data

• same as year 2, makingadjustments based on lessonslearned• maintain UCLA mooring• continue operation of CTDsystems, QA/QC data

Satellite Observationsparticipants: JPL, SIO

• begin algorithmdevelopment, coordinate withNOAA SCCOOS remotesensing program

• continue feature trackingalgorithm development,interface with water qualitycommunity

• generate risk assessmentmaps based upon remote sensingdata on the internet

Regional Ocean Modeling• operational modeling system• data assimilation• wind field generationparticipants: UCLA, JPL, SIO

• Develop HF radar dataassimilation scheme• Implement real-timeoperation ROMS withassimilation of both in situ andsatellite data

• Test and validate ROMSagainst available observations• Assemble and process thereal-time HF radar data andother complementary data setsfrom SCCOOS data system

• Implement real-timeoperation of ROMS modeling,assimilation, and forecasting.• Develop data productsusing ROMS output. Preparetransition of ROMS operations.

Data Distribution andManagementparticipants: JPL, SIO, SDSC

• begin implementation ofreal-time networking, telemetry,and data storage• support web page andproduct development

• continue development ofreal-time data access andinformation transfer• support web page andproduct development

• continue development ofreal-time data access andinformation transfer• continue support web pageand product development

7. Development of Operational FundingSCCOOS and the State of California are well positioned to create and respond to opportunities that

would provide for operational support of the COCMP infrastructure. While many observing system startupsaround the country have had difficulty in obtaining operational support after their establishment by federalfunds, COCMP is in response to monitoring needs in regions which have already demonstrated their capacityto support an observing system. An example might include the estimate $32M/year spent in SouthernCalifornia by NPDES permit holders to maintain compliance, the Bight regional monitoring programs, andthe Southern California Wetlands Restoration Program. The SCCOOS approach to developing operationalfunding will include:• The establishment of collaborative partnerships with data provider/user groups and operational data users

at the local, state, federal, and private level. Support for data integration efforts between their monitoringmissions and COCMP products will assist in the required outreach efforts necessary to generate support.This support may come in the form of both operational resources from private and public end users aswell as advocacy of the public good of SCCOOS to state and federal agencies. Examples may includedata products required for discharge permit compliance, real-time data used by safety personnel, andsupport for oil spill trajectories. Demonstration of COCMP utility in resource management programswill dovetail the program into the planning process for long term monitoring programs such as MarineProtected Areas. In addition, SCCOOS has already provided briefings to the USCG, DHS, NOAA, andUSN describing the utility of supporting observing system infrastructure in their missions.


• The generation of tailored products for users on a project specific basis. Resource allocation directedtowards these products must include fractional support towards the observing system operationalinfrastructure upon which they depend.

• SCCOOS will position the COCMP infrastructure for support in federal ocean observing systeminitiatives including the National Science Foundations Ocean Observatory Initiative ($208M), theIntegrated Ocean Observing System (annual support is estimated at $30M-$50M per RegionalAssociation), the NOAA sponsored Pacific Coastal Observing System (PaCOS) which is focused onmarine resource management, and the Ocean.US Surface Current Mapping Initiative.

8. Cost SharingThe following programs are existing programs conducted by SCCOOS consortium members that have directrelevance to COCMP and monitoring in coastal waters of Southern California.

Institution Description agency amountSCCOOS 1. resources to the SCCOOS Regional Association to begin the

implementation of a pilot Coastal Observing System (3 yrs)2. resources for SCCOOS outreach (3 yrs)

1. NOAA CSC2. NOAA CSC

1. $8000k2. $300k

Cal Poly, San Luis Obisbo 1. REMUS AUV systems (2)2. system calibrations

1. ONR,NASA 1. $570k2. $10k

University of California, SantaBarbara

1. six existing HF radar sites sponsored by MMS, Packard, Pisco,and others

2. drifter observations and statistical analysis in the Santa BarbaraChannel

1. MMS, pvt.foundations

2. NSF

1. $720k2. $420k

University of SouthernCalifornia

1. Federally approved overhead at the University of SouthernCalifornia is 62%. Dean of Research has agreed to subsidizeoverhead to enable 25% overhead inline with UCOP.

1. USC 1. $237k

University of California, LosAngeles

1. Modeling of water quality on the San Pedro Shelf2. Study of Meso-scale processes in controlling the upper ocean

carbon cycle in the coastal environment – Santa Monica Bay3. Modeling of sediment transport on the Santa Monica, Palos

Verdes, and San Pedro Shelves4. Simulating and assessing the carbon cycle off the west coast of

North America

1. OCSD2. NSF3. USGS4. NASA

1. $90k2. $623k3. $75k4. $586k

Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1. Coastal Upwelling Study2. Usage of terabyte disk storage array system (remote sensing)3. Computer processing support from the JPL Physical

Oceanography Distributed Active Archive CenterPO.DAAC4. 12-processor SGI Origin 350 computer hardware, maintenance

and 300TB storage space dedicated to the ROMS real-time

1. NASA2. JPL3. JPL4. JPL

1. $150k2. $30k3. $90k4. $300k

Scripps Institution ofOceanography

1. Development of Spay Glider for operational use and borrowingof gliders from that program to enable continuous samplingalong three tracks that using only three COCMP purchasedgliders

2. Advanced ROMS data assimilation development3. High resolution ROMS development, adjoint development4. Objective mapping techniques for multiple data types including

currents.5. Wireless networks and real-time data management6. Real-time Data Aware System for Earth, Oceanographic, and

Environmental Applications7. Optical networking, Internet Protocol, computer storage,

processing and visualization technologies development(OPTIPUTER)

8. California Clean Beaches Initiative – SDCOOS9. SDCOOS – adaptive sampling for microbial indicators10. Development of at-sea wave measurements from ships in

California waters.11. Dispersion Analysis of surfzone drifters and numerical

modeling, drifter release experiments during COCMP12. California Data Information Program (per year)

1. NOAA OGP2. NSF – ITR3. ONR4. NSF5. NSF6. NSF – ITR7. NSF – ITR8. SWRCB9. SD DEH10. ONR11. SEAGRANT12. ACOE

1. $980k2. $150k3. $300k4. $180k5. $1758k6. $2344k7. $13500k8. $750k9. $112k10. $100k11. $234k12. $600k

total relatedfunding

$33,209,000


9. References Cited

Bock, Y., L. Prawirodirdjo, T. I. Melbourne, "Detection of Arbitrarily Large Dynamic Ground Motions with a DenseHigh-Rate GPS Network," Geophysical Research Letters, 31(L06604), doi:10.1029/2003GL019150, 2004.

Braun, H.W. and T. Hansen, K. Lindquist, B. Ludäscher, J. Orcutt, A. Rajasekar, F. Vernon (2002). "Distributed DataManagement Architecture for Embedded Computing." 6th Workshop on High Performance Embedded Computing,MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Sept. 2002.

DiGiacomo, P. M., L. Washburn, B. Holt, and B. Jones. Coastal pollution hazards in Southern California observed bySAR imagery: Stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps. In Press, Marine PollutionBulletin, 2004.

Chao, Yi, Z. Li, J.C. Kindle, J.D. Paduan, and F.P. Chavez, A High-Resolution Surface Vector Wind Product forCoastal Oceans: Blending Satellite Scatterometer Measurements with Regional Mesoscale Atmospheric ModelSimulations, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(1), 1013, doi:10.1029/2002GL015729, 2003.

Lindquist, K.G. and R.L. Newman, A. Nayak, F.L. Vernon, C. Nelson, T.S. Hansen, R. Yuen-Wong (2003). "DynamicWeb Expression for Near-real-time Sensor Networks." Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract ED32C-1205.

Moore, R., Evolution of Data Grid Concepts, Reagan Moore, submitted to the Global Grid Forum Data AreaWorkshop, January, 2004.

Rajasekar, A., M. Wan R. Moore,A. Jagatheesan, and G. Kremenek, Real-life Experiences with Data Grids: CaseStudies in using the SRB, The 6th International Conferenceon High Performance Computing (HPCAsia-2002)Bangalore, India, December 16-19, 2002.

Rajasekar, A., F. Vernon, T. Hansen, K. Linquist, J. Orcutt. "Virtual Object Ring Buffer: A Framework for Real-timeData Grid." HDPC Conference 2004.

Vernon, F. and H.W. Braun, T. Hansen, B. Ludaescher, J. Orcutt, A. Rajasekar, K. Lindquist (2003). "ROADNet: Real-time Observatories, Applications, and Data-management Network." Presented at the 2nd International Workshop onInformation Processing in Sensor Networks, Palo Alto, CA, April 22-23.

11. Budget and Justification

Budget Summary

component name participating institutions year 1 ($K) year 2 ($K) year 3 ($K) Total ($K)

Short-Medium-Range Resolution/Long-Range HF Radars SLO, Cal Poly - Mark Moline 31.8 26.1 26.7 84.6

USC - Burton Jones 237.3 272.4 285.4 795.1UCSB - Libe Washburn 268.1 283.6 293.1 844.8SIO - Eric Terrill 3655.3 631.0 652.0 4938.3

Remote Sensing Products for Tracking Contaminants and Pollutants JPL- Paul DiGiacomoo 99.4 104.4 111.2 315.0ROMS Operations for Synthesis of SCCOOS Data and Prediction of Fields JPL - Yi Chao 204.0 206.0 210.0 620.0UCLA Model Research and Development with focus on nearshore UCLA - Jim McWilliams 123.8 71.6 71.6 267.0Producing High Resolution Wind Product for use by ROMS UCLA - Jim McWilliams 41.8 24.1 24.1 90.0Covariances and Objective Mapping of HF Radar and Direct Observations SIO - Bruce Cornuelle 67.5 69.6 72.2 209.3

Modeling Wave Evolution and Currents to Nowcast Surf-zone Currentsl SIO - Bob Guza, Falk Fedderson 55.5 61.1 43.4 160.0Two Bight-Scale Sections using an Underway CTD UCSB - Libe Washburn 72.4 27.9 28.3 128.6Bight-Scale Monitoring Using Underwater Gliders SIO - Russ Davis 198.5 164.9 161.6 525.0Transition Zone Observations — AUVs, Moorings and Drifters SLO, Cal Poly - Mark Moline 8.5 107.7 102.3 218.5

UCSB - Carter Ohlman 48.5 41.1 42.5 132.1SIO - Dan Rudnick 60.0 30.0 30.0 120.0

Wave and Current Observations to calibrate Surf-zone Current Model SIO - Bob Guza, Falk Fedderson 101.7 187.5 30.8 320.0Maintenance of SMB Mooring for physical variables — U, T, S, Wind, etc. UCLA - Keith Stolzenbach 142.1 137.3 140.4 419.8Information Technology for HF Radars & Data Management SIO - Frank Vernon, John Orcutt 481.6 341.6 349.9 1173.1Data Quality Control and User-Product Interface SIO - Eric Terril 114.7 114.6 103.6 332.9Administrative Budget SIO - Eric Terrill 73.6 76.2 78.8 228.6Sub Total 6086.1 2978.7 2857.9 11922.7

SIO/UCSD Indirect on Subawards (13% on $25K):

California Polytechnic State University 3.3 3.3Jet Propulsion Laboratory 3.3 3.3University of Southern California 3.3 3.3Total 6096 2978.7 2857.9 11932.6

Cal-Poly UCSB UCLA UCSD USC JPL TOTALSalaries & Fringe 131,733$ 598,446$ 369,768$ 2,541,146$ 405,045$ 212,900$ 4,046,138$

Tuition Remission -$ -$ -$ 140,147$ 60,100$ 200,247$ Equipment 24,000$ 97,698$ 154,000$ 3,645,370$ 10,000$ -$ 3,931,068$ Supply and Materials 21,000$ 25,200$ 32,283$ 253,973$ 10,800$ -$ 343,256$

Travel 41,000$ 48,300$ 11,710$ 50,670$ 25,220$ 15,000$ 176,900$

Participant Costs -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 383,300$ 383,300$ Consultant Services -$ -$ -$ 37,539$ -$ -$ 37,539$

Computer Services -$ 6,000$ 5,400$ 3,600$ 9,100$ 24,100$

Publication Costs -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 12,000$ 12,000$

Other 29,600$ 128,418$ 93,000$ 805,692$ 43,313$ 32,500$ 1,100,023$

Direct Costs 247,333$ 904,062$ 660,761$ 7,339,790$ 638,125$ 724,900$ 10,254,571$

Indirect Costs * 55,834$ 201,592$ 116,116$ 676,986$ 157,031$ 210,100$ 1,207,559$ 303,167$ 1,105,654$ 776,877$ 8,016,776$ 795,156$ 935,000$ 11,932,630$

TOTAL COSTS

*Cal Poly IDC rate is 25% of $223,333*UCSB IDC rate is 25% of $806,370*UCLA IDC rate is 25% of $464,457*UCSD IDC rate is 25% of 1,569,908 and 13% of 1,911,421*USC IDC rate is 25% of $628,125*JPL IDC rates vary - see budgets for details

BUDGET SUMMARY BY CATEGORY

October 1, 2004 through September 30, 2007

Documents

The Southern California Coastal Current Observing Systemneocoweb.ucsd.edu/sccoos/docs/SCCOOS_COCMP_draft.pdf · 2004-05-05 · The Southern California Coastal Current Observing System