The Soviet Union The Soviet Union

Stalin IStalin I

Death of LeninDeath of Lenin

• In 1924 Lenin died.In 1924 Lenin died.• The rule of the first The rule of the first

Communist leader Communist leader was over.was over.

The Rise of StalinThe Rise of Stalin

• Born into poverty.Born into poverty.• Not well educated.Not well educated.• Was seen a a crude Was seen a a crude

man. Was also cold, man. Was also cold, hard and cruelhard and cruel

• Would use brutality Would use brutality and murder to enforce and murder to enforce his reign as dictator.his reign as dictator.

• Stalin will become one Stalin will become one of the most brutal of the most brutal leaders in history.leaders in history.

Stalin Takes PowerStalin Takes Power

• In 1928 Stalin In 1928 Stalin obtained control of obtained control of the government.the government.

• Stalin turned the Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.totalitarian state.

• Stalin was the Stalin was the dictator and dictator and controlled the one controlled the one party system of party system of government.government.

Stalin as a TotalitarianStalin as a Totalitarian

• Totalitarian leaders Totalitarian leaders – centralize the government centralize the government – control every aspect of public and control every aspect of public and

private lifeprivate life– appear to provide a sense of directionappear to provide a sense of direction– limit values such as freedom, dignity limit values such as freedom, dignity

and individual worth.and individual worth.

Life in a Totalitarian StateLife in a Totalitarian State

Economics•Growth of industry•Growth of military

•Low standard of living•Food shortages

Society•Use of secret police•Communist Party

members are the upperclass

•Free education•Free health care•Jobs for women

Religion•Gov’t hates religion•Takes over places

of worship•Controls religious

worship

Politics•One party system

•Dictatorship•Gpv’t controls lives

of the citizens•Gov’t controls

Industry and agriculture•Use of propaganda to

Win gov’t support

Arts•Censorship of art,

books, music.•Use art to praise

Communism•Artist are watchedby the secret police

Stalin and the Secret PoliceStalin and the Secret Police

• Dictators use Dictators use terror and terror and violence to violence to enforce their rule.enforce their rule.

• Stalin created his Stalin created his totalitarian state totalitarian state by getting rid of by getting rid of his enemies.his enemies.

Stalin and the Secret PoliceStalin and the Secret Police

• Stalin carried out the followingStalin carried out the following– Used tanks and military to stop riotsUsed tanks and military to stop riots– Used the secret police to spy on Used the secret police to spy on

peoplepeople– Children were encouraged to turn in Children were encouraged to turn in

disloyal parentsdisloyal parents– Millions were arrested and executedMillions were arrested and executed

The Great PurgeThe Great Purge

• In 1934 Stalin In 1934 Stalin turn on anyone in turn on anyone in the Communist the Communist party who party who threatened his threatened his power.power.

The Great PurgeThe Great Purge

• Bolsheviks who had help start the revolution Bolsheviks who had help start the revolution were arrested, placed on “trial” and were arrested, placed on “trial” and executed.executed.

• ““Crimes against the state”Crimes against the state”• All types of people were arrested for petty All types of people were arrested for petty

crimes and never seen againcrimes and never seen again• By 1939 Stalin had complete and total By 1939 Stalin had complete and total

control of the government and the control of the government and the Communist Party.Communist Party.

• Between 8 to 11 million people were Between 8 to 11 million people were murdered during the purges.murdered during the purges.

RussificationRussification

• Stalin was a strong Russian Nationalist.Stalin was a strong Russian Nationalist.• He did away with individual cultures.He did away with individual cultures.• Stalin promoted Stalin promoted

– A common Russian history, language, culture.A common Russian history, language, culture.– Appointed Russians to key posts in Gov’t and Appointed Russians to key posts in Gov’t and

the secret police. the secret police. – Re-drew the boundaries of Russia to ensure non Re-drew the boundaries of Russia to ensure non

Russian republics would not become bigger Russian republics would not become bigger then Russia.then Russia.

– The ruling class of Russia was to be Russian.The ruling class of Russia was to be Russian.

PropagandaPropaganda

• The spreading of The spreading of ideas to promote ideas to promote a certain cause or a certain cause or damage and damage and opposing causeopposing cause

Stalin and PropagandaStalin and Propaganda

• The government The government used propaganda to used propaganda to – Encourage people Encourage people

to accept the to accept the Communist ideas.Communist ideas.

– Glorify Stalin and Glorify Stalin and the Communist.the Communist.

– Praise the Praise the Communist Communist reforms.reforms.

CensorshipCensorship

• No individual No individual creativity was creativity was allowed.allowed.

• All published works All published works conformed to the conformed to the Stalin and Stalin and Communist idealsCommunist ideals

• The Government The Government controlled the radio, controlled the radio, newspaper, and newspaper, and other means of other means of information. information.

ClassworkClasswork

• Both Lenin and Stalin had similar Both Lenin and Stalin had similar and different ideas on how to and different ideas on how to achieve the goals of the achieve the goals of the Communist Party.Communist Party.

• Using the notes from the handout Using the notes from the handout create a Venn diagram for both create a Venn diagram for both Lenin and StalinLenin and Stalin

HomeworkHomework

Read pages 775-780 and answer the Read pages 775-780 and answer the followingfollowing

1.1. What is totalitarianism?What is totalitarianism?

2.2. What is a command economy?What is a command economy?

3.3. What are collective farms?What are collective farms?

4.4. What was the Great Purge?What was the Great Purge?