The Spread of The Spread of Protestantism & The Protestantism & The Catholic ResponseCatholic Response

SS.A.3.4.2; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.2; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.B.2.4.1SS.B.2.4.1

The Zwinglian ReformationThe Zwinglian Reformation Ulrich Zwingli, priest from Zurich, Ulrich Zwingli, priest from Zurich,

convinces the city council to reform convinces the city council to reform churches in Zurichchurches in Zurich Abolishes relics and images in churchesAbolishes relics and images in churches

Paintings removed, replaces with all white Paintings removed, replaces with all white wallswalls

Catholic mass replaced by scripture Catholic mass replaced by scripture reading, prayer and sermonsreading, prayer and sermons

Attempt to unite with Lutherans in Attempt to unite with Lutherans in Germany fails, because sides cannot Germany fails, because sides cannot agree on importance of Communionagree on importance of Communion

John Calvin & CalvinismJohn Calvin & Calvinism War between Catholic and Protestant War between Catholic and Protestant

Swiss results in Zwingli’s deathSwiss results in Zwingli’s death John Calvin=new leader of Swiss reformsJohn Calvin=new leader of Swiss reforms

French, but forced to live in Switzerland French, but forced to live in Switzerland after he converts to Protestantismafter he converts to Protestantism Writes Writes Institutes of the Christian ReligionInstitutes of the Christian Religion

Shared many beliefs with LutheransShared many beliefs with Lutherans Calvin also believed in Calvin also believed in predestinationpredestination

Belief that God has already chosen the savedBelief that God has already chosen the saved Calvinists believe they always do God’s workCalvinists believe they always do God’s work

Calvin In GenevaCalvin In Geneva

1536: Calvin attempts to reform Geneva1536: Calvin attempts to reform Geneva Establishes new government based on churchEstablishes new government based on church

Consistory established as court to punish Consistory established as court to punish those who don’t follow church teachingthose who don’t follow church teaching

Geneva becomes a center of Geneva becomes a center of ProtestantismProtestantism

1550: Calvinism more influential than 1550: Calvinism more influential than Lutheranism; spreads to parts of France, Lutheranism; spreads to parts of France, the Netherlands, and Eastern Europethe Netherlands, and Eastern Europe

The English ReformationThe English Reformation King Henry VIII of England wants an King Henry VIII of England wants an

annulment, so he can marry another annulment, so he can marry another womanwoman First wife, Catherine of Aragon, births a girlFirst wife, Catherine of Aragon, births a girl Henry wants to marry Anne B., wants a sonHenry wants to marry Anne B., wants a son

Asks pope for divorce—FAILAsks pope for divorce—FAIL Asks Archbishop of Canterbury—winningAsks Archbishop of Canterbury—winning 1534: Parliament splits from Catholic 1534: Parliament splits from Catholic

Church with “Act of Supremacy”Church with “Act of Supremacy” Henry stays close to Catholic teaching, son Henry stays close to Catholic teaching, son

Edward VI’s priests like ProtestantismEdward VI’s priests like Protestantism Henry and Catherine’s daughter “Bloody Henry and Catherine’s daughter “Bloody

Mary” tries to bring England back to Pope, Mary” tries to bring England back to Pope, failsfails

The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists Disliked state control of church like Luther Disliked state control of church like Luther

and Calvin establishedand Calvin established Anabaptists: faith should be by adults who Anabaptists: faith should be by adults who

choose a spiritual rebirth, and are baptizedchoose a spiritual rebirth, and are baptized Adult baptism was a new idea, different than Adult baptism was a new idea, different than

those held by Catholics and Protestantsthose held by Catholics and Protestants Separation of church and state=importantSeparation of church and state=important Ministers elected by people, from the Ministers elected by people, from the

community since all Christians are equal (but community since all Christians are equal (but not women)not women)

Did not believe in war or holding political Did not believe in war or holding political officeoffice

Catholics & Protestants persecuted Catholics & Protestants persecuted AnabaptistsAnabaptists

The Protestant FamilyThe Protestant Family Protestants do not think celibacy= a Protestants do not think celibacy= a

special holinessspecial holiness Monasticism & celibacy for clergy abolishedMonasticism & celibacy for clergy abolished

Protestants believed in equality between Protestants believed in equality between man and womanman and woman But in practice, men were still dominant, and But in practice, men were still dominant, and

women were expected to be obedientwomen were expected to be obedient Main role of women=bare childrenMain role of women=bare children Reformation did little for women’s rightsReformation did little for women’s rights

Jesuits & The Catholic Jesuits & The Catholic ReformationReformation

Mid-1500s: Protestantism is spreadingMid-1500s: Protestantism is spreading Catholic Church begins to reform itselfCatholic Church begins to reform itself

Jesuits, papacy reformed, Council of TrentJesuits, papacy reformed, Council of Trent Jesuits “The Society of Jesus” was a Jesuits “The Society of Jesus” was a

religious order founded by religious order founded by Ignatius of Ignatius of LoyolaLoyola Swear loyalty to pope, used education as toolSwear loyalty to pope, used education as tool Reestablish Catholicism to eastern Europe Reestablish Catholicism to eastern Europe

and parts of Germany, Asia, Americas & Africaand parts of Germany, Asia, Americas & Africa Popes were no longer allowed to play an Popes were no longer allowed to play an

active role in politics, and military affairsactive role in politics, and military affairs

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent Pope Paul III sees need for change, Pope Paul III sees need for change,

appoints Reform Commission in 1537appoints Reform Commission in 1537 Commission blames problems on popes’ Commission blames problems on popes’

abuses of power, politics and wealthabuses of power, politics and wealth 1545: Pope, bishops, theologians, 1545: Pope, bishops, theologians,

abbots and cardinals meet to discuss abbots and cardinals meet to discuss Catholic faithCatholic faith Upholds: faith and good works needed for Upholds: faith and good works needed for

salvation, clerical celibacy, purgatory, salvation, clerical celibacy, purgatory, sacraments, Eucharistsacraments, Eucharist

Sale of indulgences is forbiddenSale of indulgences is forbidden

The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent

Chapter 10, Lesson 2 Review

On page 187, write and answer questions 1-5