The Thermidorian Reaction

HWH UNIT 4CHAPTER 6.3

Jacobin clubs closed Paris Commune outlawed Economic restrictions lifted Churches reopened The “White Terror” Political instability and corruption Sans Culottes lose influence, bourgeoisie gain

influence Women lose rights

The Thermidorian Reaction

The Insurrection of Prairial (Year III, 1795) Paris mob attempted

to overthrow the Convention

The military is called into Paris

10,000 arrested or exiled

Threats to the Convention

Neither democratic nor royalist Bicameral

Council of Elders Council of 500

5 person executive The Two-Thirds Law

The Constitution of Year III (1795)

The Directory

Royalist uprising of Vendemiaire, Year IV

(October 1795) Opposed the Two Thirds Law

Napoleon Bonaparte

The “Whiff of Grapeshot”

Declaration of Verona (1795)

Threatened to return the Old Regime

Louis XVIII

Babeuf and the Conspiracy of

Equals (1796)

Elections of 1797 had produced royalists and

conservatives Original members of the Directory threw out the

election results Depended on Napoleon’s army for support

The Coup d’état of Fructidor(September, 1797)

Peace treaty with Austria and Prussia Solidified French gains in Italy and Belgium

The Treaty of Campo Formio (October, 1797)

Napoleon’s Coup d’état of 18

Brumaire (November 9, 1799)