French RevolutionStage 3

Thermidorian Reaction

Conservative1795 - 1799

Year new constitution was written - year of Napoleon’s coup

Thermidorian Reaction• Paris Commune was dismantled

• Thermidor was month Committee of Public Safety was overthrown

• People involved in the original Terror were now attacked - “White” Terror

• Rule by rich bourgeoisie liberals

• Revival of Catholicism

New government: The Directory

Government:

only men of property voted a smaller amount than in republic or stage 1

Two-house legislature

Constitution of 1795 or Constitution of the Year III

Both houses elect the Directorate

Council of 500proposed legislation

Council of Ancients250 member

voted on legislation

The economy was liberalizedHarsh 1795 winter = prices shot up.

Economy

Attempts to overthrow The Directory:

Francois-Neol BabeufConspiracy of the Equals

1796“communist” revolt

Royalist attempt an insurrection in Paris

1795

Next . . .1797 elections bring royalists to the Council of 500

Meanwhile . . . France still at war with Austria.

Meanwhile . . . Napoleon Bonaparte is fighting for the French and

Second Coalition is formed: Britain, Russia and Austria

The 18th Brumaire coupNovember 9, 1799

Emmanuel Sieyes invited Napoleon to lead the coup d’etat

on the Directory

New government: the Consulat

3 consuls replaced the 5 directorsConstitution of 1799 or Constitution of the Year VIII

• notables (only ones able to hold office) elected by universal male suffrage• A Senate appointed by the consuls• A Tribunate chosen by the Senate• Constitution approved through a plebiscite (yes/no)• France divided into districts (departements) with prefect to oversee it - rational planning of government - Enlightenment

plebiscite - “authority from above, confidence from below”Napoleon will censor the presswill reduce the number of newspapers in Paris from 73 to 13

Is Napoleon upholding or betraying the values of the revolution?

The Catholic Church•Concordat of 1801

• Declared Catholicism “the religion of the majority of citizens”

• state paid clerical salaries

• Pope appointed bishops but Napoleon had to recommend them

• Church could not reclaim land that had been confiscated and sold

• Gregorian calendar replaced

• freedom of worship for Protestants and Jews granted

• Organic Articles - places church under state control, creates a “minister of religion”

Napoleon’s Empire

1802

1804

1801

1803

1805

1806

Haiti proclaims independence

“Consul for Life”Restores control of Haiti

Crowned emperornew constitution

Louisiana Territory sold

The Third Coalition: Russia, Austria and Britain

Holy Roman Empire replaced by Confederation of the Rhine

1807 Treaty of Tilsit

Civil Code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code

The Continental System

1812invasion of Russia

1808 - 1813

Peninsular War

1814abdicated, exiled to Elba,

1815 100 days, abdicates again, exiled to Saint Helena

1821Napoleon dies - Happy Winter

Break!

Goya’s Third of May

After Napoleon . . .Congress of Vienna

1815