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Theoretic and artistic research
studying opportunities of symbiosis of Western and non-Western
musical idiom
Olmo Cornelis
Goal of this lecture:
– Introduce my research
– Possibilities for PhD
Outline
Introduction• Background
Problem
Definition
Methodology
Case studies
Conclusion
Background
Olmo Cornelis- Musicology @ Ghent University
- Composition @ University College Ghent
- PhD @ University College Ghent / Ghent University
Previous work: DEKKMMA
“Digitization of the Ethnomusicological Sound Archive of the Royal Museum for Central Africa”
DEKKMMA
• Digitization of the sound archive:- Audio: 50.000 sound recordings – 3.000 hours of
music - 33.000 items digitized.- Meta-data : 35.000 items digitized- Provide contextual data
• Development of database and website
• Exploration of MIR-techniques.
http://music.africamuseum.be/
Deliver detailed descriptions of music from another culture- Different from Western musical idiom- (till now) Western concepts were used
- Correct descriptions are needed for:- Online collections- Research- Respect cultural heritage
Actual problem
Objective measurement:
- Not using Western musicological assumptions
- Approach actual characteristics
Music Information RetrievalSignal based research
Computer assisted analysis
Method
Music Information Retrieval
Nowadays:
- audio is a digital object
- huge online collections
- personal consumption
=> Music discovery!
Music Information Retrieval
- MIR: describes content of music
- Many applications
- Search/retrieve/organize
- Three levels- Signal => physical- Symbolic => musical symbols- Semantic => metadata
Music Information Retrieval
Many applications:
- Identification, plagiarism detection, copyright monitoring, version detection, melody finder, alignment, recommendation, sounds like, genre detection, segmentation, instrumentation, organization by metadata, mood, artist…
– domain specific techniques is required to approach the particular characteristics and constraints of different ethnic music styles.
– Need for an interdisciplinary research field.– Automated approaches are needed because of large
archives.
MIR considerations
MethodEthnic music?
Three categories:– Ethnic music (in strict sense)
From cultures without written tradition
– Non-Western classical music– Religious and court music from cultures with a written – tradition outside Europe
– Folk music– From written culture, but not part of a classical
tradition
Specifities
– large variability of music, users, search intentions and expectations.
– Metadata, content-based description, musical concepts are fundamentally different from Western standards.
Method
Work PathStudy field of problem
Definition (definiëring en afbakening)
Theoretical analysis / set up framework (methodology)
Cooperation musicologist and computer engineer
Testing existing applications
Build platform for ‘objective’ analysis
Case studies
Result
Composition
Composition
Composition
Composition
Concert
Methodology TARSOS- Pre-processing:
- Audio signal improvement:- Noise reduction- Signal optimization
- Source separation (ONO2010)- Band pass filters
- Processing:- (existing) algorithms- Annotation optimization
- Post-processing:- Interpretation- Visualization- Export
- Data- Graphical
SIGNAL LEVEL• Test of available pitch trackers.• Representation of output• Real-time analysis• Optimization results
SYMBOLIC LEVEL• Peak extraction (automated and manual correction)• Peak analysis
– Correlation
OUTPUT• Sonification• Export
Pitch Analysis
Periodicity Analysis of African Rhythms
Periodicity Analysis of African Rhythms
SOM
SOM
Meta data
Web tagging
- Power of quantity
- Recommendation
http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/interactive_map.html
TshisaasjTshisajiTshisanjiChisanziSanziSanzaSansaEsanzoIssanjiKisanziKassandjiKassayo
NgombiKombiKembeEkembeIkembeDikembeLikembeKalimbeMalimbaMarimbaIrimbaIlimbaLimbaKadimba
Metadata
Rethinking of the MIR research practice:– Need for opening up the culturally biased MIR tools
to all types of music.– More close collaboration between engineers and
(ethno)musicologists is required.– Reduction to familiar Western musical parameters
(e.g. score notation) can be useful for providing high-level access to collections, but may loose much of the rich and lively texture of this music.
– Often no ground truth.
Audio might not be sufficient to describe and/or retrieve ethnic music:
-> The idea of separating sound from the rest of its physical environment (movement, smell, taste, colour) may well be a weird “invention” of the West.
=> We cannot understand ethnic music correct without its social function and context!
Next step
Bachelor => acquire
Master => apply
PhD => generate
Possibilities- At University College Ghent
- 2-4 projects- PhD
- At University Ghent- Bof, internal projects…
- National scholarship- FWO, IWT, Hercules
- Abroad- Fulbright, BAEF