Theories and Personality

8/11/2019 Theories and Personality

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Name:

Personality

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers

the question.

1.

Id is to "Just do it" as supereo is to

a.

"!ait till later."

b.

"o your own thin."

c.

"on#t do it."

d.

"$h% sit on it."



&.

'he unconscious contains

a.

material that can easily be brouht to awareness.

b.

e(erythin we are aware of at a i(en moment.

c.

repressed memories and emotions.

d.

thouhts% perceptions% and memories.

).

*eha(ioral theories of personality are often critici+ed for their

a.

inability to test or (erify concepts.

b.

limited reconition of temperament% emotion% and sub,ecti(e factors.

c.

ability to e-plain beha(ior after the fact only.

d.

emphasis on the conditions under which beha(iors occur.



.

'he concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are

a.

bioloically determined.

b.

relati(ely permanent and endurin.

c.

situation speci/c.

d.

shared by a roup.

0.

'he /(efactor model of personality includes

a.

social interactionism.

b.

neuroticism.

c.

areeableness.

d.

sense of humor.



2.

3 personality theory is a4n5

a.

cateory used to describe personality.

b.

interrelated system of concepts used to e-plain personality.

c.

relati(ely permanent set of beha(ior patterns.

d.

sub,ecti(e e(aluation of a person.

6.

!hich of the followin is an unconscious personality structure made up of

bioloical ures see7in ful/llment8

a.

eo

b.

id

c.

supereo

d.

subconscious



9.

Criticisms of reud#s de(elopmental theory ha(e centered on

a.

the o(eremphasis on se-uality in personality de(elopment.

b.

reud#s treatment of fatherdauhter relationship.

c.

the need for a stern or threatenin mother in the de(elopment of conscience.

d.

the unimportance of the /rst years of life in the formation of personality.

;.

$ne problem psycholoists ha(e with personality types is they

a.

are hypothetical constructs.

b.

o(ersimplify personality.

c.

describe character% not personality.

d.

are not obser(able or measurable.



1<.

reud belie(ed that personality was typi/ed by

a.

a delicate balance of power amon the three personality structures.

b.

a lac7 of strule amon the three personality structures in the healthy

indi(idual.

c.

a lac7 of strule amon the three personality structures in the unhealthy

indi(idual.

d.

a state of strule amon the three personality structures in which the id

ets cauht in the middle.

11.

'o understand personality% trait theorists attempt to

a.

create traits that /t people.

b.

increase the number of basic traits that ha(e been identi/ed.

c.

classify traits and disco(er how they are related to beha(ior.

d.

reduce the common traits to measures of temperament.



1&.

3ccordin to reud% the enery from life instincts that dri(es personality is

called the

a.

eo.

b.

libido.

c.

life force.

d.

eros.

1).

3ccordin to reud% the id is o(erned by the

a.

pleasure principle.

b.

reality principle.

c.

eo ideal.

d.

creature comfort principle.



1.

=earnin theorists

a.

ha(e remo(ed the "person" from personality.

b.

emphasi+e situational determinants of beha(ior.

c.

stress the role of the unconscious.

d.

would (iew a trait as stable in all situations.

10.

In the reudian (iew of personality% which system is totally unconscious and

dominated by bioloical instincts8

a.

id

b.

eo

c.

supereo

d.

libido



12.

>>>>>>>>>> theory ma-imi+ed and >>>>>>>>>> theory minimi+ed the role of the

unconscious.

a.

'rait? humanistic

b.

Psychoanalytic? beha(iorist

c.

Psychoanalytic? humanistic

d.

'rait? beha(iorist

16.

3ccordin to reud% the eo is o(erned by the

a.

pleasure principle.

b.

reality principle.

c.

eo ideal.

d.

partial eo principle.



19.

'he /(efactor model of personality includes

a.

social interactionism.

b.

conscientiousness.

c.

sense of humor.

d.

neuroticism.

1;.

3ccordin to Jun% art% reliion% myths% and drama are important to indi(idual

functionin because they

a.

facilitate conscious de(elopment.

b.

are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes.

c.

pro(ide the means for achie(in control o(er a hostile en(ironment.

d.

transmit speci/c information for sol(in de(elopmental tas7s.



&<.

$ne of reud#s ma,or contributions was his

a.

belief that the /rst years of life help to shape personality.

b.

belief in the concept of libido% se-ual desires% and bioloical instincts.

c.

disco(ery of comple-es durin the enital stae.

d.

elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality de(elopment.

&1.

!hat do psycholoists mean by the term traitsituation interaction8

a.

@ituations chane traits.

b.

@ituations create new traits.

c.

'raits determine situations.

d.

@ituations aAect how traits are e-hibited.



&&.

3n ad,ecti(e chec7list would most li7ely be used by a

a.

psychodynamic therapist.

b.

beha(iorist.

c.

humanistic therapist.

d.

trait theorist.

&).

'he "ama+in similarities" of identical twins may be a result of

a.

the fallacy of positi(e instances.

b.

deliberate deceit by the twins.

c.

deliberate deceit by the researchers.

d.

the *arnum eAect.



&.

Psycholoists who belie(e that people row and de(elop throuhout their

li(es and that people are inherently ood are

a.

psychoanalysts.

b.

radical beha(iorists.

c.

social learnin theorists.

d.

humanists.

&0.

Connie and @ue are identical twins reared apart and recently reunited. Carl

and red are unrelated students at a ma,or uni(ersity. !hich of the followin

statements is 'BD of these pairins8

a.

Connie and @ue will probably show a lon list of ama+in similarities% while

Carl and red will only share a couple of similarities.

b.

Connie and @ue will probably share many similarities? Carl and red may

share many similarities but are probably not moti(ated enouh to disco(er

them.

c.



Connie and @ue will not share as many similarities as will Carl and red.

d.

Connie and @ue will ha(e more diAerences than will Carl and red.

&2.

3ccordin to the humanists% >>>>>>>>>> occurs when people are free from

dependence on e-ternal authority or on other people.

a.

autonomy

b.

spontaneity

c.

pea7 e-perience

d.

tas7 centerin

&6.

3 psychiatrist who e-plains patholoical beha(ior as a conEict between

underlyin psycholoical forces is usin the >>>>>>>>>> model.

a.

psychoanalytic

b.

beha(ioral



c.

medical

d.

humanistic

&9.

3ccordin to beha(iorists%

a.

hostile% enerous% or destructi(e impulses arise in the unconscious.

b.

personality is acquired throuh conditionin and obser(ational learnin.

c.

personality is stronly inEuenced by one#s selfimae.

d.

personality de(elops from initial feelins of inferiority.

&;.

'he part of the mind that is beyond awareness is called the

a.

unconscious.

b.

conscious.



c.

postconscious.

d.

preconscious.

)<.

'he >>>>>>>>>> contains material of which you may be unaware but that can

easily be brouht to awareness.

a.

subconscious

b.

preconscious

c.

unconscious

d.

conscious

)1.

3ccordin to reud% the 7ey to mental health is

a.

an o(erpowerin supereo.

b.

an unrestrained id.



c.

dominance of the pleasure principle.

d.

balance amon mental processes.

)&.

If you 7now the personality of an identical twin% you can e-pect the

personality of the other twin to be

a.

unrelated.

b.

similar.

c.

identical.

d.

conEictin.

)).

'he >>>>>>>>>> beins with puberty and ends with a mature capacity for lo(eand the reali+ation of full adult se-uality.

a.

latency period

b.



$edipal and Dlectra conEicts

c.

enital stae

d.

phallic stae

).

!hich is included as one of the traits Maslow theori+ed were possessed byselfactuali+ers8

a.

eocentrism

b.

e-tra(ersion

c.

superior intellience

d.

capacity to lauh at oneself

)0.

!e each ha(e a perception of our own personality traits. 'his perception

stronly inEuences our beha(ior. Psycholoists call this perception

a.

selfe(aluation.



b.

inner concept.

c.

selfconcept.

d.

selfesteem.

)2.

3 7ey element of Carl Boers# personality theory is the concept of

a.

metaneeds.

b.

the self or selfimae.

c.

selfreinforcement.

d.

the pleasure principle.

)6.

3ccordin to reud% the $edipal and Dlectra conEicts end when a child ta7es

on the (alues and beha(iors of the same se- parent in a process called

a.

/-ation.



b.

imitation.

c.

obser(ation.

d.

identi/cation.

)9.

*etween the aes of 1 and ) years% the child is said to o throuh the

>>>>>>>>>> stae.

a.

phallic

b.

latency

c.

anal

d.

enital

);.

'he position that personality is composed of learned patterns is held by

a.

neoreudians.



b.

humanists.

c.

beha(iorists or beha(ioral personality theorists.

d.

psychoanalytic theorists.

<.

!hich theory of personality was de(eloped by @imund reud8

a.

psychoanalytic

b.

beha(ioristic

c.

humanistic

d.

psychosocial

1.

reud became interested in the study of personality when he reali+ed that

a.

his patients lac7ed physical causes for their problems.



b.

the treatment of psycholoical disorders was more ad(anced than those for

physical disorders.

c.

many of his patients were fa7in symptoms.

d.

no comprehensi(e theories of the mind were widely accepted.

&.

Jun belie(ed that there are basic uni(ersal concepts in all people reardless

of culture called

a.

persona.

b.

collecti(e consciousness.

c.

archetypes.

d.

mandalas.

).

'he description of a person#s character implies

a.



the use of ratin scales.

b.

the use of multiple obser(ers.

c.

the use of situational testin.

d.

,udment about the desirability of traits.

.

'he main criticism of humanistic theory is that

a.

it emphasi+es the neati(e dimensions of personality.

b.

it is research rather than e-perience oriented.

c.

its concepts are imprecise and diFcult to study ob,ecti(ely.

d.

its approach is more empirical than philosophical.

0.

If selfesteem is too hih% the person may be

a.



borin.

b.

ineAecti(e.

c.

dull.

d.

arroant.

2.

*eha(iorists are to the e-ternal en(ironment as humanists are to

a.

stress.

b.

personal rowth.

c.

human7ind.

d.

internal conEicts.

6.

reud belie(ed that at each psychose-ual stae a diAerent part of the body

becomes

a.



id/-ated.

b.

archetypical.

c.

an eroenous +one.

d.

a source for modelin.

9.

@elfactuali+ation refers to

a.

a tendency that causes human personality problems.

b.

what it is that ma7es certain men and women famous.

c.

anyone who is ma7in full use of his or her potentials.

d.

the requirements necessary for becomin famous% academically

distinuished% or rich.

;.

'he term personality refers to

a.



the hereditary aspects of one#s emotional nature.

b.

unique and endurin beha(ior patterns.

c.

fa(orable and unfa(orable personal characteristics.

d.

charisma% character% or temperament.

0<.

>>>>>>>>>> theories stress pri(ate% sub,ecti(e e-perience and personal rowth.

a.

'rait

b.

Gumanistic

c.

*eha(ioristic

d.

Psychodynamic

01.

urin the /rst year of life% the child is said to o throuh the >>>>>>>>>>

stae.

a.





selfreinforcement and resolution of unconscious conEicts.

b.

identi/cation and imitation.

c.

toilet trainin and early feedin contacts.

d.

(aluin and selfreard.

0.

!hich of the followin is P$$B ad(ice for a person who wishes to promote

selfactuali+ation8

a.

@ee7 pea7 e-periences.

b.

'a7e responsibility.

c.

*e willin to chane.

d.

'ry to li(e up to what others thin7 you should be.

00.

If you were as7ed to describe the personality of your best friend% and you said

she was optimistic% reser(ed% and friendly% you would be usin the >>>>>>>>>>



approach.

a.

psychodynamic

b.

analytical

c.

humanistic

d.

trait

02.

'he halo eAect refers to

a.

the technique in which the frequency of (arious beha(iors is recorded.

b.

the use of ambiuous or unstructured stimuli.

c.

the process of admittin e-perience into consciousness.

d.

the tendency to enerali+e a fa(orable or unfa(orable /rst impression to

unrelated details of personality.

06.



3ccordin to Boers% the >>>>>>>>>> self represents a (ery ideali+ed self

imae.

a.

phenomenal

b.

inconruent

c.

archetypal

d.

ideal

09.

In reudian theory% the >>>>>>>>>> is the "e-ecuti(e" structure that is directed

by the reality principle.

a.

id

b.

eo

c.

supereo

d.

libido

0;.



3ccordin to reud% the $edipus and Dlectra conEicts occur durin the

a.

anal stae.

b.

oral stae.

c.

phallic stae.

d.

enital stae.

2<.

Characteristics that are shared by most members of a culture are termed

a.

cardinal traits.

b.

ethnic traits.

c.

eneral traits.

d.

common traits.

21.



'he role "possible sel(es" play in our li(es is to

a.

pro(ide a basis for comparin selfimae and true self.

b.

i(e us models for identi/cation.

c.

direct our beha(ior toward an imained future.

d.

remind us that all thins are always possible.

2&.

In 3dler#s (iew% the main stri(in of personality is for

a.

dominance.

b.

sophistication.

c.

instincts.

d.

superiority.

2).



3n o(erly strict or harsh supereo will cause

a.

increasin le(els of primary process thin7in.

b.

an antisocial personality.

c.

inhibition% riidity% or intolerable uilt.

d.

a brea7down of the libido.

2.

Concernin pure e-tro(ersion and pure intro(ersion% it is most accurate to say

a.

a person is either one or the other.

b.

most people fall somewhere between these e-tremes.

c.

these terms were coined by the famous @wiss psycholoist% Hordon 3llport.

d.

they represent basic physical traits.

20.



Classifyin people as ha(in either a 'ype 3 or 'ype * personality has been

used to predict

a.

competency as a parent.

b.

chances of suAerin a heart attac7.

c.

success in education.

d.

chances of de(elopin a serious mental illness.

22.

Boers calls the imae of the person you would li7e to be the

a.

eo ideal.

b.

self archetype.

c.

ideal self.

d.

reinforced self.

26.



!hich personality theories attempt to e-plain beha(ior by focusin on the

inner wor7ins of the personality includin internal conEicts8

a.

trait

b.

beha(ioristic

c.

psychodynamic

d.

humanistic

29.

elayin action until it is appropriate describes the eo#s use of the

a.

pleasure principle.

b.

morality principle.

c.

eo ideal.

d.

reality principle.

2;.



'he psycholoical situation% e-pectancy% and reinforcement (alue are

important concepts in

a.

social learnin theory.

b.

Hestalt theories.

c.

radical beha(iorism.

d.

instrumental conditionin.

6<.

>>>>>>>>>> theorists belie(e humans ha(e free will.

a.

Gumanistic

b.

*eha(ioristic

c.

Psychoanalytic

d.

'rait

61.



In psychoanalytic theory% conscious control is e-perienced by the

a.

pleasure principle.

b.

id.

c.

eo.

d.

libido.

6&.

'emperament refers to

a.

charisma or character.

b.

unique and endurin beha(ior patterns.

c.

learned traits of emotional response.

d.

hereditary emotional traits.

6).



3braham Maslow de(eloped the concept of selfactuali+ation by initially

studyin

a.

the ma+elearnin abilities of rats with subcortical lesions.

b.

his own patients.

c.

how children reacted to (iewin aressi(e role models on tele(ision.

d.

people who li(ed unusually eAecti(e li(es.

6.

reud called an unresol(ed conEict caused by o(erindulence or frustration

a4n5

a.

/-ation.

b.

retenti(eness.

c.

inconruency.

d.

e-pressi(eness.



60.

'he messy and disorderly person is described by reud as bein

a.

orally retenti(e.

b.

anally retenti(e.

c.

a phallic personality.

d.

anally e-pulsi(e.

62.

>>>>>>>>>> traits are personality traits the comprise a person#s unique

indi(idual qualities.

a.

Central

b.

@econdary

c.

Cardinal

d.

Indi(idual



66.

!hich personality theorist stronly re,ected @imund reud#s claim that males

are dominant or superior to females8

a.

3lfred 3dler

b.

aren Gorney

c.

Carl Jun

d.

Drich romm

69.

or reud% the time durin which psychose-ual de(elopment is interrupted is

called the

a.

phallic stae.

b.

latency period.

c.

$edipal period.

d.

enital stae.



6;.

3t what ae does personality become quite stable8

a.

&<

b.

)<

c.

<

d.

0<

9<.

@uppose the eo were a hunry person in a crowded cafeteria. 'he eo would

most li7ely

a.

do nothin.

b.

wait in line.

c.

push to the head of the line.

d.

feel uilty about bein so hunry.



91.

!hich of the followin is the correct orderin of reud#s psychose-ual staes8

a.

anal% phallic% oral% enital

b.

oral% anal% phallic% enital

c.

enital% phallic% oral% anal

d.

anal% oral% phallic% enital

9&.

'he popularity of politicians who are physically attracti(e may be a

consequence of the

a.

androyny eAect.

b.

Gawthorne eAect.

c.

halo eAect.

d.

ordinal eAect.



9).

!hich of the followin could account for a ma,or personality chane in middleadulthood8

a.

mo(in to a new city

b.

chanin your loo7s

c.

ma7in new friends

d.

a personal traedy

9.

3ccordin to Jun% a mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and imaes

shared by all humans is

a.

the persona.

b.

the personal unconscious.

c.

the collecti(e unconscious.

d.

the anima.



90. 3 de/nin characteristic of traits is that they are

a./-ed.

b.obser(ed.

c.e(aluati(e.

d.endurin.

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Theories and Personality