Thien Theo Cach Phat Day Se Di Den Giai Thoat

7/24/2019 Thien Theo Cach Phat Day Se Di Den Giai Thoat

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Thin sAjahn Brahm 1

Thin s

Ajahn Brahm

THI N

Theo Cch Pht Dy

S i n Gii Thot

Ngi dch:

L Kim Kha

NH XUT BN HNG C


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2 Thin theo cch Pht dy si n gii thot

Cho m, vi ba v anh, em khut.


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Thin sAjahn Brahm 3

Ngi dch gibn quyn bn dch ny. Quyn sch ny c ngi dch in v n

tng min ph cho cc Pht t.; khng c in hoc sao bn, trkhi c sng

ca ngi dch (vi mc ch phi li nhun ca ngi dch).

Lin hgp hoc nhn sch n tng:Tel: 0909503993, email: [email protected]


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Thin sAjahn Brahm 5

NI DUNG

VQuyn Sch Ny

Li Gii Thiu

BNG VIT TT

9

13

18

Phn Dn Nhp: Bc Tranh LnThin & Mc Tiu Ca ThinCch SDng Quyn Sch Ny

21

Phn 1: Hnh Phc ca Thin

1. Phng Php Cn Bn ca Thin - IMt nn tng vng chc da trn bn giai onu tin ca Thin

2. Phng Php Cn Bn ca Thin - IIBa giai on cn bn cao hn ca Thin,trong Hi Th trnn p

3. Nhng Chng Ngi i vi Thin - IHai chng ngi u tin ca nm chngngi ngn gia ta v nhng trng thi nh suca ThinTham Dc v c

4. Nhng Chng Ngi i vi Thin - IIBa chng ngi cn liBun ng& n, Bt an & lo lng, v Nghi ng

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31

55

75

91

115


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5. Cht Lng ca Chnh NimChnh nim, ngi gc cng

Lm thno chng ta thnh cng trong Thin tp

6. Dng Nhiu Cch Lm Ti Mi Vic ThinNhng sThin lm thgin tm, gii tasbun chn, phin no (u), v to ra nim vui (h).

7. Hi Thpt n trng thi nh su ca ThinNhng tng thin nh, jhnaNhng tr tuminh st gic ng

8. Bn Nn Tng Chnh NimDng nhng mc tiu chnh nim t nVin Ngc nm trong li Hoa Sen

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161

Phn 2: i n Hnh Phc v Hn Na

9. Nhng Tng Thin nhJhnaI: Hnh PhcHi thp: bt u cuc hnh trnh

10. Nhng Tng Thin nhJhnaII: Hnh Phcchng ln Hnh PhcNhng du hiu Nimitta: ngng ca bcvo cc tng thin nh jhna.

11. Nhng Tng Thin nhJhnaII: Hnh Phc

chng ln Hnh Phc chng ln Hnh PhcCch chng c mt tng thin nh jhna,Ci g bn trong tng thin nh jhna

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Thin sAjahn Brahm 7

12. Bn Cht ca Tr TuThm Suiu g ngn cn chng ta nhn thy mi

sthnhchng ch thc l?Cch mt ci tm hng mnh nhThin nhthm su c thkhm ph ra chn l

13. Tr TuThm Su Gip Gii ThotTr tuthm su thay i mi sv dn dtchng ta n tri nghim sgic ng

14. Gic Ng: Bc Vo Dng Thnh oNit-bn (Gic ng) l g?Tri nghim u tin ca Nit-bnNhp Lu

15. Hng n SGic NgHon TonBn tng gic ngLm thno c thni mt ngi gic nghay cha gic ng?

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369

419

455

Phn Kt: Bung BCho n Cng . . .

Tm quan trng ca sBung BNhng rng buc v nhng ro cn chng tac thgp phiLm thno pht trin sbnh an v hnhphc trong cuc sng hng ngy ca chng ta

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Thin sAjahn Brahm 9

Vquyn sch ny

Knh gi cc Tng Ni, nhng Pht t, v c gign xa:

Ngi dch rt tm c vi quyn sch ny ca thin sAjahnBrahm. Trc nht, y l mt quyn sch rt hay, rt thcdng, v rt su sc. Vthin sni ting lun-mm-ci ny trnh by mt cch bi bn tt cnhng bc thin tp gip chongi thin d hc hiu, thc hnh i n nhng kt qu

nhanh hn ca thin. Phn cn bn ny l rt quan trng nnthin s ging gii v lp i lp li nhiu ln trong quynsch, theo kiu nhng cng-thc cn phi hon thnh, v nhngcch thc cng c ging gii rt su sc vmt nguyn-lv nguyn-nhn gip cho vic hon thnh cc bc .

Ngoi phn cc bc v phng php thc hnh thc dng, quyn sch cng cha ng nhng trit-l v thin hc ytnh kinh in vi nhng trch dn xc ng v r rt ttrong BaTng Kinh ca Pht gio Nguyn thy ghi li nhng li dy vtnh trit l ca thin v sthc hnh thin. Ni ng ra, nhnghng dn vthin tp trong quyn sch ny c dn dt datrn nn tng trit l vthin-hc v thin-tp do chnh c Pht

lch s ging dy. Tc l, nhng bc thc hnh thin [v itrchng ngi] u da vo tnh hp-l v tnh khoa-hc nhmgii quyt tng vn mt cch rt ro. l tnh kh-dng vkh-thi ca mt con ngo.

Quyn sch cao con ng Thin Pht gio vi mc tiudn dn t c s tnh-lng c ch tm v tr-tu minh st.

Thin vn lun gm c hai phn nh [samadhi] v tu[panna],chthc ra khng c loi thin no c thng ring mt mnhl Thin nh [samatha] hay Thin tuminh st [vipassana]. chl nhng cch phn bit m sau ny ngi ta c tch ri


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ra thnh nhng php mn tu tp khc nhau nhng xskhcnhau trong nn Pht gio thgii. c gistmnh c thy

nhng lun im quan trng ny tcch ging gii v trch dnkinh in xc thc ca vthin s.

Thc ra chng ta u bit c Pht tng tuyn dy rrng: Khng c thin nh no khng c tr tu. Khng c trtuno khng c thin nh. Nu ai c c thin nh v tr tu.Ngi y ang ng gn bn Nit-bn. Li dy ni ting ca

c Pht c lu truyn v cng nhn trong nhiu trngphi v nhnh phi Pht gio trn thgii, nhng chng ta cngchng hiu ti sao n tn by givn cn kh nhiu nhnh phivn tip tc bo thv bn ci nhiu vnhng iu nh: thinnh v thin minh st l khc nhau; thin nh khng phi lthin Pht gio; thin Pht gio l tr tunn chc tu tp thintuminh st mi l ng n, v khng cn thin nh; hoc cni nht nht chtrng tu tp thin minh st kh...V vy,c lchng ta shc c nhiu iu tquyn sch ny, v trt ra nhng g mnh c tht nim tin xc ng vo , v t tm cho mnh mt ng li thin tp ng n. iu honton ty vo ssuy xt, hc hiu, v thnghim ca qu Tng Niv c gi. Ngi dch hy vng rng, hu ht chng ta chc chn

s chn nhng cch tu hnh v phng php thin tp no mmnh suy xt v tin tng ng l cch tu hnh v l litruyn dy ca chnh c Pht lch s. Bi v, nhmt cu niqu v sc: ct li ca o Pht l nm ch s gic-ngcac Pht lch s.

Trong quyn sch, tc giv ngi dch xng h vi c gi

bng danh tchung l bn, c ngha cng l o-hu, cng lPht t, bn tu, trong bao gm cnhng bc Tng, Ni xutgia ng knh.


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Thin sAjahn Brahm 11

Phn gii thch thm trong ngoc vung [...] l ca tc gi.Cc tv ngng-ngha trong ngoc vung [...] l ca ngi

dch. Nhng li gii thch thm trong ngoc n (...) v nhngphn Ch thchcui trang l ca ngi dch.

Nu qu thy v qu vc gi c kin vquyn sch, xinvui lng lin htheo in thoi hoc email ghi trang trc.Xin chn thnh cm n.

Cu mong cho nhiu ngi trong chng ta tm thy nhngbc ng tu tp ng n v ph hp vi mnh mau tinn ngy c gii thot khi ci vng sinh tv nh.

Nha Trang, cui nm 2014giao tha Tt Gip Ng(PL 2557)

L Kim Kha


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Li Gii Thiu

Bn ang cm trn tay mt quyn sch hng dn thc shuch v su sc v Thin c vit bi mt s thy vi kinhnghim su rng vtu thin. Ajahn Brahm l mt trong nhng tusngi phng Ty hc tp, thc hnh, v nm vng mt bdy nhng gio l Pht gio, v by gimang ra trnh by licho nhng ngi tu nhit thnh khp ni trn thgii hin i.

Trong quyn sch ny, bn stm thy mt tp nhng li dyxuyn sut pht trin v lm su sc vic thin tp, hng nschng c cc tng thin nh (jhna samdhi), v t phtsinh nhng tr tuminh st. Thy Ajahn Brahm a ra shiubit thn trng v tinh t v cch chuyn ha nhng kh khnban u v cch hng tm t n hnh phc, an lc, nh sng,v sbn vng su sc ca tng thin nh. ri sau ngitu c thchiu sch tm trong trng thi nh su lm sng tbn cht ca sv ng, mang li shiu bit gii thot.

y l nhng li dy p. y l cm nang hng dn chocc thin sinh. Ajahn Brahm trnh by phng cch pht trinn cc tng thin nh (nh) v tr tu(tu) mt cch chn thc

v ng thc nhcch c Pht ging dy, v v vy lphng cch tt nht. l phng cch siu xut. Nhng cPht cng ging dy nhiu phng cch tt nhvy cho cchc tr v dng nhiu phng tin thin xo gip cc hctr gic ng. Nhng cch dy ca cc thin s khc da vonhng cch nhn khc nhau vcng mc ch gii thot. Ajahn

Brahm a ra mt gc nhn quan trng khc. V vy, tt c

nhng ai quan tm n thc hnh thin v nhng phn cao suca con ng o Pht: hy c quyn sch ny mt cch kcng. V ththc hnh li hng dn. Bn sthu c nhiu kt


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qutnhng li chdy khn ngoan v su sc, v hn na, tnhng kinh nghim ca vthy.

V nhc Pht v Ajahn Brahm u khuyn dy, hy thnghim nhng li dy, dng chng, v hc tp tchng, nhngng dnh mc vo chng. Hy chng dn dt bn n sgiithot, vt khi mi sdnh mc, sgii thot thc s.

Cu mong quyn sch mang li shiu bit, li lc, v nhng

phc lnh cho tt cbn c.

Vi tm t,Jack Kornfield

Trung tm Thin Spirit Rock CenterWoodacre, California


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Li Cm T

Trc tin, ti mun ghi nhn cng sc ca T kheoCulaka Bhikkhu (Tin sJacob Meddin), ngi bin cicc nhca mnh trthnh nhmt xng lm vic ca th

gii th ba: lm vic ht sc mnh trong nhiu thnglin, ngay c nhng lc bnh yu, to ra bn tho utin ca quyn sch hng dn ny c ng trn tp san

Gio Php ni b ca Hi Pht gio Ty c. Li cm ncng xin dnh cho Ron Storey, ngi nh my bn thonhiu ln, v hy vng anh cng thuc lng nhng li dy,v dnh cho T kheo Nissarano Bhikkhu, ngi sontho phn thmc tra cu cc thut t.

K tip, ti xin chuyn li cm t n ngi thy dythin u tin ca ti, s Nai Boonman thuc Hi Thinnh Samatha Society Anh, ngi cho ti thy c vp ca cc tng thin nh jhna khi ti cn l mt sinhvin tc di i Hc Cambridge nm 1970. Nhng trnht, ti chn thnh gi li tri n v hn n vthy m dishng dn ca thy ti sng mt cch hnh phc sutchn nm min ng bc Thi Lan. l ngi thin s

Ajahn Chah, ngi khng chging gii cho ti mt cch ttng con ng i n gii thot, m bn thn ngi cng i ht trn con ng cho n cui i.

Cui cng, xin gi li cm n n nh xut bn Wisdom

Publications, gm c cc anh David, Rod, v ngi bin tpca ti John LeRoy, v slm vic vt vca htp schny c hon chnh. Cu mong cho thin nghip ny ca


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h gip h c mnh khe v tip tc thc hin nhiuquyn sch qu gi khc cc Pht t.

Tc gi


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BNG VIT TT

Tn Kinh Pali: Cc sthhin:

AN

Dhp

Dhp-a

Anguttara Nikaya

Tng Chi BKinh

DhammapadaKinh Php C

Dhammapada-attakatha

Lun Ging Kinh Php C

stp & sbi kinh

sdng k

stp & trang theo nbn ca Hi KinhinPali (PTS)

DN Dgha NikayaTrng BKinh

sbi kinh, tp, & dngktrong Trng BKinh

Ja JatakaChuyn Tin Thnc Pht

stp & strang theo nbn ca PTS

Miln Milindapaha

Milinda Vnp

schng & sdilemma

theo n bn ca PTS

MN Majjhima Nikaya

Trung BKinhsbi kinh, tp, & dngktrong Trung BKinh

SN Samyutta Nikaya

Tng ng BKinhschng & sbi kinh

Sn Sutta Nipata

Kinh Tpsdng k


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Th-a Paramatthadpan

(Theragatha- atthakatha)

Lun Ging Trng Lo K

stp & strang theo nbn ca PTS

Thag Theragatha

Trng Lo Ksdng k

Thig Thergatha

Trng Lo Ni Ksdng k

Ud Udana

Kinh Pht TThuytschng & sbi kinh

Vin Vinaya

Lut Tngstp, chng, phm,tiu phm theo n bnca PTS

Vsm Visuddhimagga

Thanh Tnhoschng & mc trongThanh Tnho


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DN NHP

BC TRANH LN

Thin l ng li ca s bung-b. Trong thin, bnbung bci thgii phc tp bn ngoi t n sbnh

an hng mnh bn trong.

Trong tt cnhng dng tn gio thn b v trong nhiutruyn thng tn gio, ch c thin l con ng dn nmt bn tm trong sch v mnh m. Stri nghim ci tmtrong sch , c gii thot khi thgii hin hu, l v

cng hnh phc. l nim hnh phc tt lnh, hn citnh v tt cnhng hnh phc vt cht v tinh thn khc trn i.

Vic thc hnh thin lun c nhng iu kh khn, cbit vo lc ban u, nhng nu bn kin tr, th thin sdn

dt bn n nhng trng thi rt p v y ngha. Luttnhin l nu khng c gng th ngi ta khng bao gitin b. D bn l ai, l ngi ti gia, l Tng hay Ni xutgia: nu khng nlc th bn schng i ti u.

Nlc khng vn cha . Snlc cn phi kho lov ng n. iu ny c ngha l a nng lc vo nhngni ng n v duy tr n cho n khi nhim vc honthnh. N lc kho lo khng lm cn trhay ng vng,


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nhng thay v vy n to ra sbnh an p khi sthin c thm su.

Mc Tiu ca Thin

bit c mnh cn hng sn lc vo nhng chno ca thin, bn cn phi c s hiu bit r rt v mc

tiu tu thin. Mc tiu ca thin l sim lng, stnh lng,v strong sng ca tm. l nhng tnh cht p . Nu

bn bit r c mc tiu th vic p dng nlc v nhngphng tin t n mc tiu sc lm ddng hn.N lc l hng vs bung-b, hng v s pht trinmt ci tm nghing vst-b. Mt trong nhng cu ni

n gin nhng rt su sc ca Pht l: Mt thin sinh nubung-bc nhng th ln mt cch ddng th stc nh tm (samadhi)nh l stnh lng c chtm, l mc tiu ca thin (SN 48,9).1Loi thin sinh nhvy t c nhng trng thi an lc bn-trong mt cchhu nh t ng. c Pht ni r rng nguyn-nhn

chnh t c thin thm su v t n nhng trngthi mnh m ca tm chnh l kh nng bung-b, khnng t-b.

Bung-BNhng Gnh Nng

1[Nhng chtrch dn kinh nhvy l bn dch ca tc gi, v v vy stnhiu khc vi cch dch ca ngi khc. Chdch no khng phi ca tc gith sc ch thch v dn ngun r.]


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Trong khi thin, chng ta khng nn pht trin mt ci

tm tch gp hay nm gi nhiu th. Ngc li, chng taphi pht trin mt ci tm sn sng bung-b, qung inhng tt cmi gnh nng. Trong i sng bnh thng,chng ta phi mang theo gnh nng ca nhiu trch phn,ging nhnhiu gi hnh l, nhng trong khi thin tp thnhng hnh l l khng cn thit. Khi thin, bn cn phi

trt bnhng hnh l, cn li cng t cng tt. Cnghrngnhng trch nhim v thnh tu ging nh nhng gnhnng ang trn vai. Hy quay lng bung bht, khnghnhn li.

Thi ca tm thin v s bung-b s dn bn vo

nhng li thin thm su. Ngay ckhi mi bt u tp thin,hy xem thbn c thto ra bao nhiu nlc t-btcbao nhiu ch bung-b mi th. Khi bn bung bc nhiu th khi tm, bn s cm gic nh nhng hnnhiu v tdo hn. Trong thin, sbung-bdin ra trongnhiu giai on, tng bc, tng bc.

Ngi tu thin ging nh nhng con chim ct cnh vbay ln nhng nh tri cao rng. Chim chng bao gimangtheo hnh l c!. Ngi tu thin khn kho th bay lnkhi tt c nhng gnh nng v vn ti nhng nh caop ca tm. Khi no trn nhng nh cao ca nhn thcth ngi tu thin shiu c ngha ca ci m chng ta

gi l tm mt cch trc tip tstri nghim ca chnhmnh. Cng lc , hcng shiu c bn cht thc caci m ngi ta thng gi l ci ta, bn ng, thng


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, thgii, v tr, tt cnhiu th. Chnh lc htrnn c khai snggic ngkhng cn trong cnh

gii ca tduy ngh, m l trn nhng nh cao dn lnca sim-lng bn trong tm.

SQuyn Sch

PHN 1 ca quyn sch Hnh Phc ca Thindnhcho nhng ngi chmun thin trt bmt ssnngnca cuc sng chhkhng th theo ui vic tu hnht n nhng trng thi an lc v gic ng, do hcn bnhiu trngi v rng buc vi cuc i, hoc do thiu cnc tu hnh. Trong phn ny, ti mun chng minh rng,

ngay ci vi mt ngi mi bt u tp thin, nu thctp mt cch ng n th thin s to ra nhiu nim hnhphc ng k.

Chng 1 v 2 bn vnhng bc u-tin bt utp thin, mt cch r rng v bi bn. Tht ra, hai chng

ny l bn hiu nh li ca quyn sch nhca ti c tn lPhng Php Cn Bn ca Thin.2

Chng 3 v 4 ch ra nhng vn kh khn xy ratrong khi thin v nhng cch d dng i-tr nhngchng-ngi , sau khi nhn dng c chng l g.

2Quyn sch ny c ti xut bn in bng ting Anh tm ln, v n cng c pht hnh bng ting c, Tip Khc, Tch Lan (Sinhala), v ting

Nga.


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Chng 5 v 6 th ging gii v s chnh-nim theo

mt cch nht qun v sau mrng mt sknng cathin sinh bng cch a thm vo ba phng php thin,tt cu c chc nng trgip cho con ng t n s

bnh an bn trong.

n Chng 7 v 8 ti trnh by vnhng bi dy kinh

in ca c Pht c gi l kinh Chnh Nim v HiTh (anapansati) v kinh Bn Nn Tng Chnh Nim(satipatthna). Mc ch l xc nhn gi trhiu lc canhng li dy cho n tn hm nay v bi p thm gi trca nhng li dy bng nhng miu ty tr tu cachnh c Pht.

PHN 2, Hnh Phc v Hn Na, l mt vnghng dn tham quan qua ci thgii phc lnh vt thigian ca o Pht. Phn ny miu t cch thc m thinchuyn ha v thng hoa thnh nhng nim hlc cao quca nhng tng thin nh (jhna), v cch nhng trng thi

bung-bmbung bc mn gidi ca nm gic quan cho chng ta thy c ci thgii thc sca tm: lkhu vn ni-tm kdiu ni m sgic ngc chngc.

Chng 9, 10, v 11 m ra th gii ca ci tm trongsch, vi sging tchi tit vnhng tri nghim ca tng

thin nh (jhna), a ra nhng hng dn tng bc mtv cch tin vo nhng trng thi tng thin nh k diu.


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Tip theo, Chng 12 v 13 tip tc i ln nhng nh

cao ca stri nghim tm linh, ti trnh by cch m tr tuminh st da vo trng thi cc tng thin nh (jhna) cthmcnh ca ca khu vn tr-tugic-ng.

Ri Chng 14 v 15, ti m tcch thc m snghiptu hnh ca mt i ngi sdn n kt cuc huy hong,

a ra nhng chi tit r rng v xc thc v s gic-ngngha l g v lm cch no chng ngc n.

PHN Kt: Bung B n Tn Cng... l ipkhcli ci ng li hay cxe [tu tha] ca quyn sch,nhm mc ch a nhng thin sinh, tchang say m

trong cnh gii nhng tng thin nh v gic ng, quay trli vi cnh gii i thng ca mnh l nhng likhuyn nh sau cng dnh cho cc thin sinh v nhngngi tu. iu ny c ll khng tha. Mc d ti bit rngkhng phi l khng c nhng ngi c thnhy thng lunvo chung-cuc ca ci [tm gi l] ci v vi gii thot.Ni , vin-ngc , c xem nh l mn qu lunim cho cuc hnh trnh ny ca chng ta.

Chc chn sc nhng thin sinh i n schung-cuchuy hong .

Cch SDng Quyn Sch


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Quyn sch ny c ba mc ch. u tin, n nh lmt gio-trnh vthin. Nhng thin sinh c quyn schny mt cch ch tm v thc hnh nhng hng dn mtcch tn tm th lnhin l hang c c mt gio trnhy tu tin vThin; hang thc sthc hnh datrn cn bn nhng li dy ca chnh c Pht lch s.

Nhng gio l su sc vt thi gian sc din ttrongquyn sch ny theo mt cch thc thch hp vi li tduy

hin i ca chng ta thi nay.

Th hai, quyn sch ny nh l mt cm-nang giiquyt kh khn. N c bin tp gip ngi tu vtqua tng loi kh khn trong khi thc hnh. V d, nu c (sn) ang l mt chng ngi, th bn c nn chuyn n

Chng 3 Nhng Chng Ngi Trong Thin-I, bnstm thy nhng hng dn tu tp thin vtm-t itrv vt qua c-, sn gin. i vi c-, th nhng likhuyn gii quyt kiu khc l khng thng dngthm chl kh lm v him khi thnh cng. Hoc bn cn c thmChng 5, Tnh Cht ca Chnh Nim, trong c nhngchi tit hng dn qu gi vcch thit lp sphng hkim sot v bo vvic thin ca bn.

Chc nng th ba ca quyn sch l gip ngi ckhm-ph nhng phng-din ca Thin Pht giomh cha bit n nhiu. N cung cp nhng thng tin mngi c kh tm thy c. Nhng Chng 912 ging

gii v nhng trng thi h lc ca nhng tng thin nh(jhna). Mc d Thin-nh l phn thin nn-tng, da


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theo nhng li dy ca c Pht, nhng c nhiu ngi vnkhng hiu ng vn trong thi gian trc y v by gi.

Ti cng hi run tay khi gi quyn sch ny cho bnn hnh. Khi ti bt u tp thin Lun n trong nhngnm 1960, mt nh sThin Tng (Zen) ngi Nht bn ni vi ti: Theo quy lut nghip bo, ai vit mt quynsch vo Pht th ngi phi lm con la trong by

kip tip theo!. iu ny lm ti lo lng. Nhng d iu c thc hay khng, y l cam kt ca ti: Bt cai thin

tp ng theo nhng hng dn trong quyn sch ny,ngi st n gii thot khi sinh t, ch khng

phi bsinh thnh loi c tai di nhvy.

Trong kinh Maha-saccaka Sutta (MN 36), c Pht k li rng: Ta coi li rng:thin nh [jhna] cphi l con ng dn n sgic nghay khng?. Ri,ln theo tr nh, dn n snhn bit rng: l conng dn n sgic ng.3

3[Chny ti dng bn dch Trung BKinh ca ngi Nanamoli v BhikkhuBodhi, Nxb Wisdom Publication, 1995, trang 65.]


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Phn 1

HNH PHC CA THIN


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Chng 1

PHNG PHP THIN CN BNI

Trong chng ny chng ta si qua bn giai on banu ca thin. Bn c thmun lt qua nhanh nhng giai

on khi u ny, nhng bn phi nn rt cn thn nu bnlm vy. Nu bn lt qua nhng giai on ban u qunhanh, th bn s thy rng nhng cng vic chun b cha hon thnh. iu ging nhxy mt ngi nh trnmt nn mng tm bnh xy ln nhanh, nhng c thbsp nhanh!. C lbn nn khn ngoan dnh nhiu thi giancho cng vic p nn v lm mng chc chn trc, ri sau hy bt u xy ln nhng tng nh cao hnging nhnhng trng thi thin cao hnth lc nhng tng nh sc chc chn di lu hn.


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By Giai on Tu Tp Thin nh(theo hng dn Ajahn Brahm)

Giai on 1:

STnh Gic Vo Giy Pht-Hin Ti

Giai on 2:STnh Gic Im Lng Vo Giy Pht-Hin Ti

Giai on 3:STnh Gic Im Lng Vo Khong Khc Hin Ti ca Hi-

Th

Giai on 4:Duy Tr SCh Tm Trn Vn Vo Hi-Th

Giai on 6:Tri Nghim Nimittap

Giai on 7:JhnaTng Thinnh


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Giai on 1:

STnh Gic VoGiy Pht Hin Ti

Khi ti dy v thin, ti thch bt u bng bc ngin l bung-bnhng hnh l ca qu khv tng lai.Bn c thcho rng iu l dlm, nhng thc ra khng

phi vy. Bung bqu khc ngha l bn khng cn nghn cng vic, gia nh, nhng cam kt, nhng trch nhim,thi thu tt p hay bun ti...v vn vn. Bn bung btt cnhng tri nghim qu khbng cch khng cn quantm g n chng. Trong khi thin, bn trthnh mt ngikhc: khng c lch s, khng c qu kh. Bn khng nnnghvni mnh sinh sng, ni mnh c sinh ra, vcha

m, hay vsln ln...ca mnh na. Tt clch s bnu tb. Theo cch nhvy, khi bn ang ngi thin vinhng bn tu khc, tt cmi ngi u l tng ng nhnhauch l nhng thin sinh. Khng quan trng vic bnl mt thin sinh thm nin hay l mt ngi mi bt u.Nu bn bung bht lch sca mnh, chng ta l nh

nhau v t do. Chng ta t do khi nhng lo toan, khinhng nhn thc v nhng nghc thlm cn trchngta pht trin s bnh an c c t s bung-b. Cuicng, tng phn lch squ kh ca bn sc gii ta,ngay ck c vnhng vic va mi y. Bt cnhng g xy ra khng cn lm chng ta quan tm na. Khng cg cn vang vng trong tm chng ta na. Nhvy l bung

bqu-kh.


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Ti mun m tvic tu dng tm ging nhmt tbom vy. Khi c bt k s tri nghim, nhn thc, hay

ngh chm vo thnh t bo, n khng b di li. N gmsu vo lp m v nm yn trong . Qu khkhng cnvang di li trong tm thc ca chng ta. Mt sngi nghrng nu hqun nim vqu khth hc thhc c tnhiu t gii quyt nhng vn kh khn. Tuynhin, nu chng ta nhn vqu kh th chng ta nhn qua

nhng lng knh khc nhau lm sai lch hnh nh. Nhng gchng ta ngh v n, thc s th n khng phi hon tonnhvy!. y l l do ti sao ngi ta hay tranh ci vmtiu g va mi xy ra rt rng trc mt h. Cng mtsth, nhng ci hnhli sau chc lt cha chc ngthc vi ci h thc schng kin.

Chng ta thng thy rng khi cnh st iu tra vmtv tai nn giao thng, c hai nhn chng trc tip v hhon ton tht th kli, nhng hai ngi c thkli theohai cch hon ton tri ngc nhau vcch tai nn xy ra.Bi vy, chng ta c thsuy ra rng k c ca chng ta vtri nghim qu khl khng ng tin cy, cho nn chng tang cao qu kh. Hy chn vi qu kh, nh cchchng ta chn mt ngi cht. Chng ta chn quan tihoc thiu xc thnh tro, v kt thc mi svngi .

ng tic nui qu kh. ng dnh kt vo qu kh.ng chp vo qu kh. ng cko l ci quan ti cha

y nhng khonh khc cht. Nu bn ang ko l qukh, bn hy bgnh nng xung, n khng cn thc s


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thuc vbn na. Khi bn bung bc qu kh, bnsc tdo trong giy-pht hin-ti. (Nguyn l l vy!).4

i vi tng lai l nhng phng on, suy on,vng tng, s st, toan tnh, v hy vnghy bung blun. c Pht c ln dy rng: Nhng g bn nghn

s l, th n s lun l th khc. (MN-113,21). i vingi c tr, tng lai l khng chc chn, l khng bit

c, v l khng th on c. Thng thng, s tinon vtng lai l v ch, v trong thin tp th iu lmt slng ph nhiu thi gian mt cch v dng.

Tm L KDiu v LThng!

Khi bn lm vic vi tm, bn sthy tm tht l kl.Tm c thlm nhng iu kdiu v bt ng. Nhng thinsinh ang thin mt cch kh khn, tm kh m c anlc, th thng bt u nghngi rng: Chn qu, by gimnh phi bt u li, thm mt gi thin chn nn na.

Nhng thng th iu lthng sxy ra: Mc d htinon l tht bi na, nhng hli chng t c trng thitm an lc ca thin. (Nhiu lc klnhvy!).

4

giy pht hin ti l chngi dch dng chung chhin ti, thikhc hin ti, khong khc hin ti. Thc s l khong khc hin ti,thi khc hin ti, l by-gi, ngay-by-gi; nhiu lc chl mt st-nahay mt giy khc, chkhng nht thit phi tnh bng nhiu giy hay nhiu

pht.


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Gn y, ti c nghe vmt ngi trong mi ngy utp thin. Sau ngy u tin, anh ta bau nhc v xin c

vnh. Ngi thy ni: Hy thm mt ngy na, shtau, ti ha vi anh . Vy l anh ta li thm mt ngy,nhng qua hm sau cn au nhc cng au hn. V v vy,anh li xin vnh. Ngi thy li tip tc khuyn: Chmtngy na thi, au nhc skhng cn. Ri cvo nhng

bui chiu ca chn ngy u tin, anh ta c gp thy v

nng nc xin v nh, v khng chu ni s au nhc. Vngi thy vn cn ni: Anh crng thm mt ngy na,sht au, v ti bit r nhvy m. Ri, anh ta honton ngc nhin: khi anh ta ngi thin vo bui sng cangy thmi, sau nhc khng cn na, mi sau n bin mt. Anh ta c thngi thin rt lu m khng hb

au nhc g na. Anh ta sng s trc skdiu ca tmv cch n to ra mt kt qubt ng. V vy, hy lunnh rng, chng ta khng th bit trc tng lai!. N cth tht l k l, l thng, v hon ton khc hn vinhng g mnh nghhay mong i. Kinh nghim nhv dny c thmang li cho bn mt tr tu, v mt nim khchl, bn c thdp-bv bung-btt cmi tng v

phng on vtng lai.

Khi bn suy ngh trong lc thin, Cn bao nhiu phtna mnh phi ngi?. Mnh phi chu ng cnh ny bao luna, th ch l s lang thang vo tng lai m thi.

Nhng bn u bit rng sau nhc hay cc thn c th

bin mt trong nhy mt. n gin l bn khng th noon trc c khi no iu s xy ra. (V vy, hy


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kin nhn ngi thin vo lc ban u. Ri khng sm thmun th iu kdiu sxy ra vi bn.)

Trng hp khc: Ngy u tin trong mt kha thinbn c thnghrng vic thin ca mnh c lchng mangli kt qutt p g. Nhng ngay trong githin u tin,ngay sau khi bn ngi xung, mi strnn rt an lc v ddng. V bn ngh rng: hay! By gi ti c th thin

ri!. Nhng cng c th ngay trong ln thin ngy hmsau, s thin li chng ra lm sao, chng ging nh ngyu tin. (iu cng hon ton c thxy ra.)

iu g ang xy ra y?

Vthin su tin ca ti tng ni mt iu m lc ti ngh l l lng. Thy ni rng: Khng c s thin noc thgi l s thin xu c. Ngha l, khng c s thinhay gi thin no l t, l xu, l v ch c. Thy ng.Tt cnhng githin m bn cho l tv chn nn chnhl nhng lc bn ang lm vic vt vc lnh lngsau . (Tht bi l m thnh cng). Ging nhmt ngilm cng nht ang lm cngy thHai nhng chng clnh lng vo cui ngy. Mnh ang lm g y?, anh tatngh. Anh ta lm tip cngy thBa, nhng cng chngnhn c g. Mi ngy vt vtri qua l mt ngy tbc.Cngy thTv thNm anh ta lm vic, v cng chngnhn c g, ngoi s cc nhc v m c ngi. Bn

ngy rng r lin tc, chng c g ngoi scc thn. Rin th Su. Anh ta cng lm ng vic y ht nh mi


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ngy, v cui ngy ngi chthu trtin lng cho anh ta.Sng tht!. c g ngy no cng l ngy lnh lng.

Ti sao mi ln thin khng phi l ngy c lnhlng?. Bn c hiu v dva ni trn khng?. Nhnglc thin tp vt v l lc bn tch im, im l nhngnc nguyn-nhn to ra s thnh cng ca bn. Nhngngy gi chu kh thin tp s to nn sc mnh, l ng

lc to ra sthanh bnh ca tm. V khi no bn tch im, tm ca bn si vo nhng githin tt p, to ktqutt p, v l ngy lnh lng ca bn. Nhng bnnn nh rng, tt cnhng thnh cng ca thin u cthc hin trong nhng gi thin thng b gi l thinxu. (Phi lm, phi vp, phi chu cc thn, phi tht bi,

th mi n c nhng thnh cng.)

Qu Khv Tng Lai l nhng Gnh Nng

Trong mt kha thin ti dy, trong lc vn p, mtngi phnni rng b y ni gin vi ti, nhng mi lnmt l do khc nhau. Trong nhng githam thin ban u,

b thin chng ra sao, cnhscc thn, v b ta gin tiv ti khng rung chung sm kt thc githin chnchng . Cn trong nhng ln thin sau, b ta tri nghimtrng thi an lc p ca thin, v b y gin tiv tirung chung kt thc githin qu sm. Nhng thc ra, tt

c nhng gi thin l u bng nhau, chnh xc mt tingng h.


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Khi bn c on v tng lai bng ngh, Cn baonhiu pht na chung srung ln, th bn ang hnh kh

bn. V vy, bn nn cn thn v ng nn vc ln mnh cignh nng Cn bao nhiu pht na? hay Ti phi lm gtip by gi? nh vy. Nu bn c ngh nh vy, bnchng cn ang ch tm vo ci ang xy ra ngay-by-gi.Bn chi thm b rc ri. Lm nhvy l bn khngang thin.

Ngay giai on ny, bn nn hng sch tm vo giypht hin ti, vo thi im m bn chng cn phi bit hmnay l ngy my v by gi l my gi. Bui sng?. Buichiu? khng bit!. Tt c nhng g bn cn bit lngay-by-gi. Theo cch ny, bn tip cn n thi gian

nh thin, ni m bn chthin trong giy-pht hin-ti.Bn khng ch tm vo bao nhiu pht qua ri v baonhiu pht cn na. Bn thm ch khng nhngy hm nayl ngy no hay thmy.

Khi cn l mt T kheo tr Thi Lan, ti thc skhng nh l nm no!. l lc tuyt vi, sng trongcnh gii phi thi gian, mt cnh gii tdo hn ci thgiichy theo thi gian ngoi kia m mi ngi ang sng.Trong cnh gii phi thi gian , bn tri nghimgiy-phthin-tiging nh cch m nhng bc hin tr tngang tri nghimgiy-phthin-ti trong sut my ngnnm qua. Bn n c hin thc ca hin ti, thc ti

hin tin, ca by-gi. Thc ti hin tin l rt k diu vkhc thng. Khi bn bung-btt cqu khv tt ctng lai, th cnhbn sng li. Bn ang y. Bn


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ang chnh nim. y l giai on ban u ca vic thin

tp, chcn schnh nim c duy tr vo giy-pht hin-

ti. Nu bn lm c giai on ny nh vy th bn thc hin c mt vic ln!. Bn bung-bc gnhnng u tin vn slun gy cn trcho s thin cao suhn vsau ny.

V vy, vic rt quan trng l bn phi b ra nhiu c

gng n lc lm cho bc u c mnh m, vngchc, v c bi bn v tt lnh nhvy.


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Giai on 2:

STnh Gic Im Lng VoGiy Pht Hin Ti

Trong phn gii thiu, ti c khi qut vmc tiu cathin l: s im lng, s tnh lng v s trong sng p ca tm c thai nghn cng vi nhng tr tuminh st.Bn bung-bxong gnh nng u tin vn lm cn trcho vic thin nh thm su. By gith bn tip tc i nsim-lng ch thc v p-ca tm.

SIm Lng C Ngha L Khng Bn Lun

Khi tho lun vGiai on thhai, sc ch hn nu taphn bit r skhc nhau ca stnh gic trong im lng vgiy pht hin ti v s suy ngh v n. V d nh khiang coi mt trn qun vt trn ti-vi. Bn c th ghi nhnhai trn u khc nhau ang xy ra cng lc: trn u trnti-vi v trn u do ngi bnh lun vin ang thuyt minh.

Li bnh lun th thng l thin v. Gi s, nu i Mang thi u vi i c, v ng bnh lun vin l ngi c(hay i ang pht sng cng l i ca c), th ng ta s

bnh lun khc t nhiu vi svic thc sdin ra trn sn,v khc vi ging ca ng bnh lun vin ngi Mtrn ikhc. Trong v dny, stheo di trn ti-vi m khng c li

bn lun (v dtt m thanh ti-vi) l stnh gic im lng

5

.

5Tnh gic l ch tm vo mi sthangdin ra trong giy khc hin ti.Tnh gic l lun bit, lun bit r, hng bit, lun thc vci angdin ra.


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Cn s ch tm vo li bnh lun l s suy ngh v n.Bn nn ghi nhrng khi bn quan st iu g bng stnh

gic im lng th bn ang gn vi stht v hin thc hnl khi quan st cng vi nhng bn lun v kin. i lcchng ta cho rng thng qua s bnh lun bn trong (tmnh bnh lun nh gi) m chng ta bit v th gii.Khng ng vy. Thc s nhng li c thoi bn trongkhng bit c g vthgii c. Chnh nhng li ni trong

tm qun ri nhng s ngu-mv si-m lm gy ra skh. Chnh si thoi bn trong mi khin chng ta sngin th ght vi nhng ngi mnh ght v to nn nhngrng buc i vi nhng ngi thn yu, l nhng rng

buc mang tnh nguy hi [cho sxut gia, sthot ly tutp]. S i thoi bn trong gy ra tt c mi rc ri v

phin no trong i. N to ra nhng s st v ti li, lolng v bc xc. N to dng nn nhng o tng, gingnhmt din vin ti ba khin cho khn giphi sst hayri nc mt khi xem vtung. V vy, nu bn mun tmthy s-tht th bn nn tu tp v trng dng s tnh gicim lng; ngha l khi thin, bnhy xem n l quan-trnghn bt k nghno. Ai cng xem trng nhng nghcamnh th iu cng l tr ngi cho cho s tnh gic imlng. Dp bci thi tm lun xem trng nghchquanca mnh v nhn ra chnh xc tt hn ca s tnh gicim lng th sgip bn mra cnh ca cho sim lng bntrong tm, l stnh lng ni ti. Cch hiu qudp

Tnh l tnh thc. Gic l bit. Tnh gic l bit, l nhn bit mt cch tnhthc vo ci ang din ra. Tnh gic l cng cv biu hin ca schnhnim.


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bnhng bn lun v nhng kin ny nbn trong tm lthc tp mt s tnh gic thun-khit vo giy pht hin

ti.

Tc l bn quan st tng mi giy-khc mt cch thtsu st n ni bn khng cn c thi gian bn lun hay kin v ci va-mi din ra. Thc t, mi ngh cachng ta thng chl mt kin vci g va-mi xy

ra!. V dCi tt, vy tt . Ci th qu, ci khng tt. l ci g vy?. G y?. L sao y?. ci ny c. . . Tt cnhng kin hay nghu lvnhng ci va-mixy ra; bn cch tm n nhngth th bn khng cn khong trng no ch tm vociangxy n. Bn chlo tip nhng vkhch cvo

nh v khng tip nhng vkhch angn ca.

hiu thm v d ny, bn tng tng mnh l chnh ang ng cng n khch n d tic. Nu cmt ngi khch n, bn cho v c tip tc ni chuynny-nvi ngi , th bn skhng cho c nhng vkhch ktip, v do vy bn khng ththc hin nhimvn cho tng mi vkhch n d. Trc gikhai tic,phn ln khch s ln lt vo cng, bn ch nn bt taycho tng mt ngi, v ngay sau chuyn qua cho tngngi k tip. Bn khng thtr chuyn qua-li vi bt kmt vkhch no, v nu lm vy bn smt dp cho tngvkhch tip theo.

Trong thin, nhng tri nghim cng ln-lt n tngci mt qua cc cng gic quan i vo tm. Nu bn tip


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n mt tri nghim bng s ch tm v ri bt u nichuyn ny-n vi n, th bn s khng kp tip n tri

nghim ktip.

Khi bn trong giy-khc ca tng tri nghim mtcch hon ho, vi tng vkhch ang bc vo tm bn,th lnhin bn khng cn ch trng no cho si thoihay bn lun bn trong tm. Bn khng th no i thoi

vi chnh mnh v bn ang hon ton ch tm mt cchchnh nim vo tng mi thngay khi n ang n.

iu ny ang gip lm thanh tnh s tnh gic vogiy pht hin ti n mc n tr thnh s tnh gic imlng vo giy pht hin ti. Khi bn pht trin s im-lng

bn-trong, bn trt bc mt gnh nng ln khc. iu ging nhbn mang mt ci ba-l trn lng lin tcsut ba mi nm hay nm mi nm v i qua khng bit

bao nhiu dm ng. Mi n by gi bn mi c cmt cht can m v tr tubci ba-l xung t. Bncm thy c sgii ta, sao m nhnhng, v tht l tdo, by gibn trt bgnh nng.

Mt k thut hu ch tu dng s im lng bn trong l snhn bit khong-trng gia hai ngh [gia haichp i thoi bn trong]. Hy ch tm tht st sao bng schnh nim vo thi im khi mt nghkt thc v trckhi mt nghkhc bt ungay !. y l stnh gic

im lng!. N i khi chl mt khong khc vt qua, nhngkhi bn nhn ra sim-lng tri qua th bn trnn quen dnvi n. V khi bn quen vi n, s im-lng s ko di


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hn. Bn bt u thhng sim-lng mt khi bn tmthy n; v l l do n tng trng ln. Nhng nn nh

sim-lng thng hay mc c, nu n nghe bn ni hay bnlun vn, n stbin mt ngay lp tc!. (Bi vy chngta ni s im-lng l s khng li ni, khng bn lun...vn.)

SIm Lng L Th V(Im Lng Mi L Hay!)

Tht l kdiu nu mi chng ta c thbung-bctt cnhng i thoi bn trong v sng an tr vo stnhgic im lng lu chng ta c thnhn thy c iu

l th vv khoan khoi n mc no. Sim-lng th snsinh ra nhiu tr-tu v s minh-bch hn l s ngh suy.Khi mt ngi nhn ra c iu ny, s im-lng tr nnhp dn hn v quan trng hn. Tm snghing vs im-lng, v v vy s lun lun tm kim s im-lng n mcn chtham gia vo ssuy nghhay nghchkhi no

iu tht cn thit, chkhi no c vi l do xc ng ngh suy. Nu chng ta nhn ra rng hu ht nhng ssuy nghca chng ta thc sl v ch, snghsuy chngdn chng ta i n u v ch lmchng ta nhc u ritr, th lnhin chng ta svui vv sn sng dnh nhiuthi gian hn cho sim-lng bn-trong ca mnh. Nhvy,Giai on 2 ny ca thin l stnh gic im lng vo giy

pht hin ti.


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C lchng ta phi nn dnh nhiu thi gianch tutp hai Giai on thin u tin, bi v: nu thc hnh

thnh cng Giai on 1 v 2 u tin n mc nhnitrn, th chng ta i c mt on ng rt-xa trongtin trnh thin tp ca mnh!. Trong s tnh gic im lngvo [duy nht] giy pht hin ti, chng ta tri nghimc sbnh an, nim hlc, v kt qutr tu.


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Giai on 3:

STnh Gic Im Lng VoKhong Khc Hin Ti ca Hi-Th

Nu chng ta mun tu tin thm, chng ta khng pdng stnh gic im lng vo bt cthg, m chng tas chn cch p dng s tnh gic im lng vo mt thduy-nht. Chduy nht c thl Hi-th, c thlTm-t (metta), c thl mt ci a mu trn c quntng trong tm m chng ta gi lkasina, hoc l mt vinhng i tng khc dng lm mc-tiu ch tm. Trongquyn sch ny ti chn Hi-Th lm i tng casch tm im lng.

SHp Nht v SPhn Tn

Vic chn cch cnh sch tm ca ta vo mt svtl loi bsphn-tn tin ti hng ngc li l shp-

nht. Khi tm bt u hp nht v duy tr s ch tm vomt s vt duy nht, th s tri nghim v s bnh an, hlc, v sc mnh stng ln ng k. y, chng ta khm

ph ra rng sphn-tn [sa dng, skhc bit]6ca thccng l mt gnh nng ln. iu ny ging nhcnh bn c

6Tm [thc] khi thhin bng rt nhiu loi tm sinh dit khc nhau th cgi l tnh trng khc bit [sa dng v phn tn] ca tm hay thc. Khi cctm [thc] hi tli vi nhau, th gi l shp nht ca tm. Shp-nhtcng chnh l stp-trung, shi-tca tm [nh].


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su ci in thoi cng trn bn lm vic ca bn angku chung cng mt lc. Bn chng lm g c, nhng

bn cn phi bung b s a dng ca nhiu cuc gikhc nhau v chchn bt mt my in thoi m thi. l gii php trnh b s ri rm, l s gii ta mang li san lc. Bn cn nn hiu r rng: sphn-tnchnh l mt gnh nng. V nu bn hiu c nhvy, th l bc quan trng gip bn c kh nng tp trung

[hi t] mi sch tm voHi-th.

SKin Nhn Mt Cch Cn ThnL Cch Nhanh Nht!

Nu bn tu tp stnh gic im lng mt cch cn thntrong mt thi gian di, th bn s d dng hng s chtm tnh gic vo hi-th v theo di hi-th trong tngkhong-khc m khng b gin on. iu ny lm c

bi v bn vt quahai trngi chnh ca vic thin vhi-th. Trngi u tin l (i) ci thi-tm lng xng v

qu kh hay tng lai, v tr ngi th hai l (ii) s i-thoi bn trong tm m chng va din tnhng trangtrc. Chnh v vy m ti mun dy kvhai Giai on

ban u ca thin, l: (1) s tnh gic vo giy phthin ti v (2) stnh gic im lng vo giy pht hin tinh l hai Giai on chun b vng chc cho Giai onthin vhi th cao hn, su hn.

Rt nhiu, rt nhiu cc thin sinh vi v bt uthin vhi-thtrong khi (i) tm ca hvn cn chy nhy


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lng-xng gia qu khv tng lai, v trong khi (ii) schtm cn ang b nhn chm bi nhng i-thoi bn

trong. (Ai cng bvy khi ln u ngi xung thin vhith. Ci tm ban u lng xng chy nhy mt cch khngthtng tng!. iu l do h khng tu tp hai Giaion chun-bu tin mt cch vng chc). Nu khng cnhng bc chun bng n t ban u, th h s thythin vhi-th sao m qu kh, thm ch khng thlm

c. Ri a shbcuc mt cch chn nn chti v hxut pht khng ng ch, h khng chun bmt cchvng chc v bi bn trc . H khng thc hin victu tp hai Giai on chun-b ban u mt cch thnhcng trc khi chn Hi-Th lm i tng ch tm thin tp.

Ngc li, nu tm ca bn c chun-bmt cchbi-bn bng cch tu tp hon thnh hai Giai on u tinny, th khi bn chuyn qua giai on Thin v hi th,

bn s hon ton c th duy tr s ch-tm vo hi-thmt cch ddng. Nu bn thy kh m ch tm c tlu vo hi-thth iu l du-hiu cho thy bn ltvi v khng thc tp y- v thnh cng hai Giaion thin u tin ny. Hy quay tr li v thc hnhnhng bi tp u tin!. Skin nhn mt cch cn thn lcch nhanh nht!!!. l cch duy nht.

Quan St Hi ThChNo Khng Phi L Vn


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Khi bn ch tm vo hi-th, bn ch tm vo s tri-nghim v hi-th ang din ra. Bn tri nghim hi th

ang lm g, n ang i-vo hay i-ra, hay ang -gia. Mts s thy dy quan st hi-th ni hi-th tip xc chp mi, mt s th dy theo di hi-th vng bng

phng ln xp xung theo hi-th, mt s th dy quan sthi-thchny, sau chuyn qua quan st hi-thchkhc.

Theo kinh nghim ring ca bn thn ti, ti nhn thyquan st hi-thchno khng phi l vn . Thc t,cch tt nht l ng nn nh v hi-th mt ch no.

Nu bn nh vhi-thngay ni tip xc vi chp mi, thiu strthnh sch tm vo chp mi, thay v ch

tm vo hi-th. V nu bn chnh ni vng bng, th cthstrthnh sch tm vo bng chkhng phi l sch tm vo hi-th. Bn ch cn t hi chnh mnh ngay

by gi: Ta ang thra hay ang thvo?. Lm thno tabit c?. Ngay-!. Chnh s tri-nghim ni cho bn

bit hi-thang lm g, l ci bn hng s ch tmvo. Hy dp b s lo lng v im no? ni no? trnthn mnh tri nghim [cm nhn] hi-th. Ctp trungvo chnh s tri-nghim vhi-th. Bn lun lun c thtri nghim [cm nhn] hi-thca mnh.

Tp Qun Kim Sot Hi Th: Khng Tt

Vn kh khn ph bin trong Giai on ny l thiquen [khuynh hng, thi tm, ci tt, phn x] hay iu


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khin hi-th, v iu ny lm cho sthtrnn kh chu,khng thoi mi. vt qua ci tt ny, hy tng

tng mnh l mt hnh khch ngi trong chic xe angnhn hi-thqua ca knh ca xe. Bn khng phi l ti x,cng khng phi ngi-iu-khin-xe t gh sau. V vy,

bn khng cn chhng, chth, hay iu khin xe, hay chch ti x Hy bung-bv chvic thng thc chuyni. Hy hi-thtn thv bn chn gin ngi quan

st n.

Cho n khi no bn tp trung quan st hi-th mtcch thun thc v c thnhn bit hi-thang i-vo vang i-ra khong 100 ln lin tc, khng bgin on, vkhng blhi-thno, th lc bn t c ci m

ti gi l Giai on 3 ca thin: Duy tr s ch tm vohi th. Lc ny bn cng cm thy bnh an hn v hlchn scm gic hai Giai on trc. Tt c l ang ttp!. tu tp thin thm su hn, bn tip tc bc tiptheo qua Giai on 4: Duy tr ch tm trn-vn vo hith.


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Giai on 4:

Duy Tr SCh Tm Trn Vn VoHi-Th

Giai on 4 din ra khi sch tm ca bn mrng ra tip xc vi tng khong-khc ring-bit ca tng hi-th vo v hi-th ra. Bn nhn bit hi-th-vo ngay tgiy khc u, ngay khi ci cm nhn u tin vhi-th-vo khi sinh. Ri bn theo di lun nhng cm nhn cho n ht lung hi-th-vo, khng c lbt kmtkhc no ca lung hi-th-vo. Khi hi-th-vo xong, bnnhn bit ngay ci khc. Bn nhn thy trong tm phn-cui ca hi-th-vo. Tip ni, bn thy tip ni l mtkhc-dng gia hai hi th, ngay trc khi hi-th-ra bt

u. Bn nhn bit khc u tin ca hi-th-ra, v tngmi cm nhn theo lung hi-th-ra i ra cho n khi hi-th-ra xong v bin mt. Tt c vic ny c thc hintrong sim-lng v trong giy-khc hin-ti.

Bc Ra Ngoi

Bn tip tc tri nghim tng phn on ca tng hi-th-vo v tng hi-th-ra mt cch lin tc cho c vitrm hi-th lin tip. l l do chng ta gi Giai onny l giai on duy tr sch tm trn-vn vo hi-th.

Bn khng tht n giai on ny bng sthc p, bngsiu khin hay bng snm givhi th. Bn chc

tht c mc tnh-lng ny bng cchbung-bttcmi s thtrn i, chcn li duy nht s tri-nghim


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vhi-thdin ra mt cch im lng. Thc tl bn khngt n Giai on ny, chnh tm bn tt n. Tm t

lm cng vic ca mnh. Tm nhn thc c Giai onny l mt ni rt thanh bnh v dchu n an tr vo :ch mt mnh n cng vi hi-th. y chnh l ni cingi lm [ci Ta] ca ngi thin bt u bin mt.

Chng ta nhn thy Giai on ny s tin bdin ra

mt cch d dng, khng cn nhiu n lc, khng cn ctm. Chng ta chcn bc ra ngoi, bung-b, v chcnquan st tt cnhng g din ra. Nu chng ta yn chotm t lm, th n s tng hng v shp-nht thunty, s bnh-an v ngon-lnh ; l s hp-nht caring nvi hi-th, trong tng mi khong khc. l s

hp-nht ca tm, shp-nht trong tng khong-khc, shp-nht trong stnh-ti.

SBtu Ca Hi Thp

Giai on 4 ny ti gi l bn-p ca thin, bi v t thin sinh c th bt nhy ln vo nhng trng thithin y hlc cao hn. Khi chng ta n thun duy tr shp-nht ny ca tm thc bng cchkhng can dvo n,th hi-thsbt u bin mt. Hi-thsbt u phai binkhi tm chuyn hng tp trung vo ch tm-im ca stri nghim v hi-th, l sbnh an, tdo, v h lc.

Ngay lc ny, ti a vo mt thut ngl Hi Thp.V lc ny tm nhn thc rng hi-thbnh an l p mtcch lthng. Chng ta ch tm vo hi-th-p ny mt


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cch lin tc, trong tng khong khc ni tip nhau, khngc sgin on no trong chui tri nghim. Chng ta ch

ch tm vo hi-th-p , mt cch khng gng gng vtrong mt khong thi gian di.

By gi, nh ti sgii thch thm chng tip theo,khi hi-thbin mt, tt cnhng g cn li l Ci p.Ci p-la-khi-thn [ci p thot thn] ny tr thnh

i tng duy nht ca tm. Tm by giang ly chnhtm lm i tng ca n. Chng ta khng cn ch tm vohi th, thn, ngh, m thanh, hay thgii bn ngoi na.Tt cnhng g chng ta ch tm l vp, sbnh an, hlc, nh sng, hay bt k danh t g m s nhn thc cachng ta gi tn. Chng ta chang tri nghim v-p, mt

cch lin tc, mt cch nhnhng, vi ci tnh-khng p!. (Ci khng-c-g l p ). Chng ta t lu dpbnhng c thoi lng xng, khng cn m t, khng cnnh gi. Lc ny tm tht l tnh lng nn khng th niln iu g. Cn thin sinh th ang bt u tri nghimnim an lc ang nrtrong tm ca mnh. Nim h-lc spht trin, tng ln, v trthnh vng chc v mnh m.V lc ny, thin sinh c th tin vo trng thi cc tngthin nh (jhna).

Ti m tvbn giai on thin u tin. Mi giaion phi c thc hnh thnh cng trc khi bc quagiai on ktip. Bn hy bra nhiu thi gianthc tp

bn giai on ban u ny, tu tp cho chng c vngmnh v n nh trc khi tin ln nhng giai on sau.


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Nu u tthi gian v nlc tp luyn nhvy, bn cthduy tr c trnh Giai on 4 ny mt cch ddng:

duy tr sch tm hon ton vo hi th trong tng mikhong khc ca hi-th, khng gin on mt ln, khng

b l mt khong khc no trong sut chng 200-300 hithvo-ra (!).

y khng phi ti ni cc bn phi m r shi th;

ch l gi v bn c thc lng mt khong thigian bao nhiu pht bn c 200-300 hi thvo ra. giaion ny, nu bn gic sch tm trn vn v lin tcvo hi thcng lu, th trnh thnh cng ca bn cngvng chc chun bbc qua nhng giai on thin caosu hn.

Trong thin, nhti ni trc y: skin nhn mtcch cn thn l cch nhanh nht bn thnh cng!.


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Chng 2

PHNG PHP THIN CN BNII

Trong chng ny chng ta s xem xt ba giai onthin cao hn. Gm c:

Giai on 5: Duy tr s ch tm trn vn vo hi thp;

Giai on 6: Tri nghim nimittap;Giai on 7: Tng thin nh (jhna).


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Giai on 5:

Duy Tr SCh Tm Trn Vn VoHi Thp

Thng thng, giai on ny tri chy mt cch tnhinv thng sut t giai on Giai on 4 trc . Nhgii thch ngn gn trong chng trc y: khi sch tmtrn vn an trmt cch ddng v lin tc vo tng tringhim hi th, m khng c th g lm gin on dngchy u n ca sch tm [tnh gic], th lc hi-ths tng lng lng xung. N chuyn i t loi hi thth-tbnh thng thnh mt loi Hi Thp rt m duv rt bnh an. Tm nhn bit hi-th-p ny v tm thch

th iu ny. Tm cm nhn mt shi lng su sc. Tncm thy hnh phc [lc] khi n ch cn quan st hi-th-p , v n khng cn phi bthc p. N tnhin.

Khng Lm G C

Bn thn bn khng lm g c. Nu bn clm iu gtrong giai on ny, th bn sph hng ton btin trnh.Ci p s bin mt. Nu bn xa vo l coi nhtrng thi hi thp tn bin mt, do vy bn phi ngli li. Tgiai on thin ny trvsau, ngi lm hay

ngi thin phi bin mt. Bn ch cn l ngi bit,ch l ngi quan st mt cch thng v v t. Ch cmt th thut c ch v cn thit trong giai on ny l ilc ta cn ngt sim lng bn trong trong mt giy khc


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v nh nhng ni vi mnh: Bnh lng. Ch vy thi.Trong giai on thin ny, tm thng rt nhy cm n ni

tng ng thi nhnht cng khin n chy theo ng thi mt cch ngoan ngon nh bng chy theo hnh vy.Hi-thlng lng xung v hi-th-p ni ln. Khi chngta quan st hi-th-p mt cch th ng trong tngkhong khc, th ci nhn-thc vsvo, sra, hay sbt u, gia, hay kt thc ca mt hi-thcng cn

phi bin mt. Tt cnhng g cn li chl stri nghimvhi thp ang din ra. Tm khng cn ch tm nnhp hi thang phn khc no (u, gia, hay kt thc),v cng khng quan tm n hi ththhin chno cathn. Lc ny chng ta angn gin ha i tng thin.Chng ta tri nghim hi thtrong khong khc ny, lt b

tt cchi tit khng cn thit. Chng ta vt trn si ivo-ra, v chng ta chcn thc tnh gic vmt hi-th-p, m du v lin tc, u n v khng thay i.Tuyt i khng lm g c, ch nhn xem hi th m du,p v phi thi gian nh thno. Nhn xem bn yncho n tnh lng nhthno. Dnh thi gian thng thc vngt lnh ca ci hi-th-ptnh lng hn, ngt lnhhn...hn bao giht.

ChCn Li Cip

Ngay khi hi-th bin mt th ch cn li du hiu ca

ci p; iu khng phi l do chng ta mun m doc stnh lng.


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Mt on vit trong vn hc Anh c l gip lm r stri nghim khi hi th bin mt l nh th no. Trong

quyn Alice xThn Tin ca Lewis Carroll, mt c gitn Alice nhn con mo tn Cheshire ang ngi trn nhnhcy st bn v ang ci, nhe hm rng ca n ra tn haimang tai. Nhng con mo cbin i v xut hin nhanh nni Alice khng hay bit. Alice ni vi n (i nhsau):Tao khng mun thy my cxut hin v bin mt thnh

lnh c nh mt a ham chi lng xng. Con mo nic ri, v ln ny n li mnh tt, ci ui bin mttrc v cui cng l khun mt vi ci ming nhe ci.Hnh nh ci ming nhe ci ca n bin mt sau cng.Alice ni rng, trc gimnh chthy con mo chkhngthy snhe ci. By gimi thy snhe ci chkhng

cn thy con mo.

Tht k l, cu chuyn ny ging chnh xc nhs tringhim thin ni trn!. Cng ging nhcon mo Cheshire

bin mt v chcn lici nhe ci ca n, thn v hi thca ngi thin cng bin mt, chcn li vci-p. ivi Alice, l mt trong nhng iu ng t m nht trongi. i vi ngi thin, iu cng tht k l, ch cntri nghim r rng Ci p ang tri-nh, m khng cg, kcmt hi thcng khng c. Ci p, hay ni nghn l du hiu ca ci p, l giai on tip theo ca conng thin. Du hiu ny trong ting Pali gi lnimitta. V vy, giai on thin tip theo, Giai on 6,

c gi l S tri nghim v du hiu p, hay nimittap.


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Giai on 6:

Tri Nghim Nimitta p

Giai on 6 ny c c khi ngi thin bung-bthn, ngh, v nm gic quan (bao gm cstnh gic vohi th) mt cch hon ton, chcn li mt du hiu ptrong tm, c gi l nimitta.

i tng tinh khit ny trong tm l mt i tngthctrong cnh gii ca tm (citta), v khi n xut hin lnu, n tht s l qu k li vi ngi thin. Lnhinngi thin cha bao gi tri nghim thg nhvy trcy, nn khng th no nh ngha c. Tuy nhin, mt

chc nng ca tm l nhn-thc, chnh snhn-thc lctm khp ngn hng b nh lu cha nhng tri nghimtrong i sng ca chng ta tm xem c th g gingging hay ta ta vi du hiu n c th dng ciging ging ta ta m tvci du hiu nimitta.

i vi hu ht thin sinh, th ci v-p thot-thn ,tc nim khoan khoi ca tm [nimitta], thng cnhn thc nh l mt thnh sng p . Mt s thinsinh nhn thy nimitta nh l nh sng trng, mt s nhnthy nhnh sng kim hong, mt sthynimittanhmtht trn chu mu xanh..., v vn vn. Nhng, khng

phi l nh sng thc. Bi v, hai mt thng ngi thin ng, v nhn thc [thc ca mt, thc nhn, nhn thc] tt tlu. Du hiu [nimitta] chnh l tm thc [thc catm] ln u tin c t do khi th gii ca nm gic


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quan. Du hiu ging nh mt trng trnv nh citm sng tang i ra khi m my m. l s hin

thca ci tmchn khng phi l nh sng thc, nhngi vi hu ht thin sinh th n xut hin nh mt nhsng. Nimitta thng c ngi thin nhn thc nh nhsng chvcch miu tny l cch nhn thc v miu ttt nht m hc tha ra.

i vi nhng thin sinh khc, chc nng nhn thc catm hth chn cch miu tnimitta[du hiu ln u tinxut hin trong tm] theo nhng thut ng thuc cm nhnvthn: v dnhl: mt stnh lng rt su, mt skhoilc ngy ngt, skhoi cm cao . Tuy nhin xin nhc li,thn thc [thc ca thn, cm nhn nhng th sng-

kh, nng-lnh...vn vn] bng tt tlu, cho nn duhiu cng khng phi l mt cm gic ca thn. ngin y n chc nhn thc l tng ng vi scm khoi ngy ngt m thi.

D cho mt sthin sinh tri nghim du hiu nimitta bng scm nhn, cn thin sinh khc th nhn thy nhnh sng trong tm, (nhng) thc ra tt c h chang cmiu t cng mt hin tng trong tm m thi. (Nimmitaca hl cng mt th, cng mt hin tng nhnhau). Hcng tri nghim cng mt i tng tinh khit ca tmnhnhau, nhng nhng chi tit miu tkhc nhau chl donhng cch nhn thc khc nhau ca mi ngi.

Nhng Tnh Cht Ca Nimitta


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Mt thin sinh c thnhn bit mt du hiu nimittabi

su (6) c im sau y:

1.N chxut hin sau Giai on 5 ca thin, tc l saumt thi gian kh lu sau khi ngi thin t cHi Thp;

2.N chxut hin sau khi hi-thbin mt;

3.N chc mt khi tt cnm gic quan [nhn, nghe,ngi, nm, v chm xc] u khng c mt;

4.N ch hin th trong ci tm im lng, khi nhng nghm thay suy l [i thoi bn trong] honton khng cn c mt;

5.

N rt l, nhng tht l hp dn; v

6.N l mt i tng gin-d: gin d mt cch vcng p .

Ti a ra su c im ny cho cc bn c th

phn bit c u l nimittathc v u chl mt nimittado tng tng.

Nhiu lc, khi nimittami xut hin ln u tin, n cth rt mnht. Trong trng hp ny, thin sinh phi lptc quay tr li giai on thin trc: duy tr s ch tmhon ton vo hi thp [Giai on 4]. Nhiu ngi

i n giai on du hiu nimittaqu sm. Lc , nimittal sng t, nhng cha n nh, n cchp chn, sng ttnh ngn hi ng, v sau th bin mt lun. iu ny


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cng l do thin sinh vi ri b giai on s ch tmtrn vn hi thp [Giai on 5] qu sm. Thin sinh

nn lp tc quay trli giai on . Mt thin sinh phi ckhnng duy tr sch tm ca mnh vo hi-th-p mtcch ddng trong mt khong thi gian lu, tht lu, trckhi tm c khnng duy-tr sch-tm thun khit voi tng nimittavn vi thn nhiu. Do vy, bn nn tpluyn tm tnh gic vo hi-th-p. Tu tp mt cch kin

nhn v nhit thnh. n lc bn tu tin n nimitta, nsc trong sng, n nh, v dduy tr.

Bung-B

To sao nimitta xut hin mt cch m nht?. L dochnh du hiu nimitta xut hin m nht l mc hi-lng cn qu nng cn. Bn vn cn mun thm g .Thng thng, bn mun c nimitta sng t, hoc munchng c c tng thin nhjhna. Do vy, bn hy nndp bci tm ham mun . Tu dng sbit hi-lng vohi thp, v sau th nimittavjhnastxy ra.

Ni mt cch khc, du hiu nimitta khng n nh lbi v bn, ci ngi lm, ckhng chu ngng can thip.Ci ngi lm l ngi iu khin, ngi chth, l ngiiu khin xe tghngi pha sau, lun lun xa vo nhngthkhng phi vic ca mnh v lm ri tung mi th.

Thin l mt tin trnh tnhin i n nghngi, vn i hi bn phi bc tri ra ngoi mt cch hon ton.


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Thin thm su chc th thc hin c nu bn thc sbung-b c tt c. iu ny c ngha l s bung-b

thc sbung ht n mc m tin trnh din ra khngcn nm trong tm tip cn ca ngi thin.

Mt phng tin thin xo t n mt sbung-bsu sc nh vy l bn nn c tng mt mn qu chonimitta, gi gm s tin-tng vo n. [Nh vy: bn ang

thin v ang trong trng thi im-lng su lin-tc. Cchbn duy tr v pht trin nimittamt cch hiu dng lcny l phi to ra mt s tin-tng tm mnh. Bng cchny:] Hy tht nhnhng ngt sim-lng trong mt giy-khc v ni thm trong tm rng bn tin-tng hon tonvo nimitta, nh ci ngi lm s bung-b mi s

iu khin v t bin mt. Ci tm, c phn chiu binimittam bn ang thy, s tip tin trnh [mt cch mxui] khi bn ngi quan st.

Bn khng cn phi lm thg khc y, bi v v-pmnh m ca nimitta tha kh nng gi ly [hp dn] sch-tm ca bn m khng cn bn phi tr lc hay tcng [to duyn] cho vic . Hy cn thn lc ny, ng

bao gibt u hi nhng cu nh l Ci g y?, Phiy l tng thin nh jhnakhng?, Ta phi lm g tiptheo? l nhng cu hi t ngi lm ang c xavo li tin trnh. Nhng s vn hi nh vy s lm ngnhiu tin trnh. Bn chnn nh gi bt cthgsau khi

kt thc hnh trnh ca n (tc l chnn nh gi [suyxt li] sau khi thot ra khi trng thi thin nh). Nhngnh khoa hc tt lun lun nh gi sau khi cuc th nghim


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xong, lc h c sliu nh gi, hoc tiptc nghi vn iu tra thm.

Ngi thin khng cn ch n hnh-dng hay nhngcnh-nt ca nimitta: N trn hay bu dc?, Cnh n rhay m?. Tt cnhng cch hi chl v ch, chng chdn n sphn bit i i bn trong v bn ngoi, vcng lm thm rc ri. Hy cho tm tnhin hng v

chno n mun, thng th l tm-im ca nimitta.Tm-im l ni m nhng phn p nht nm , nim nh sng l sng tnht v tinh khit nht. Hy bung

bv chngi thng thc chuyn i trong khi sch-tmang bthu ht vo phn tm-im, hoc trong khi nh sngang m rng ra v bao trm ht bn. Hy tm t ha

nhp vo nim hlc hnh phc lc . V ri, hy choGiai on 7 ca con ng thin nh din ra: l giaion bc vo tng thin nhjhna.


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Giai on 7:

JhnaTng Thin nh

C hai tr-ngi chnh ngay ngng ca tin vo trngthi tng thin nh (jhna): l nim vui-mng v ni-s.Khi c nim vui hn hoan, tm trnn bphn khch: ,n y ri!. Nu tm nghnhvy, thjhnaskhng xyra. Ting hn hoan cn phi c kim chto ras thng tuyt i ca ngi thin. Bn phi dp b ttcting trong tm, dp btt cmi smng vui, phnkhch. Chnhvy bn mi c thtin vo tng thin nhtheo l t nhin ca tin trnh. [Ch n sau khi bn chng c c tng thin nh, trong tng thin nh, v

thot ra khi tng thin nh; vchsau khi thot rakhi tng thin nh th bn c th tha sc m mng vui, hoanh. V yu thoan h(h) sc mt ni bt trong trng thitm sau khi chng c tng thin nh thnht].

Mt thtr-ngi thng c mt hn l ni s-hi. Ni s

pht sinh tsnhn ra ngun lc to ln v nim h-lc catng thin nhjhna; hoc ni sl khi nhn bit rng: saukhi hon ton tin vo tng thin nh, th c thphi b

bli l l bn!. [ l ci Ta, ci ngi lm]. Cingi lm th im lng trc khi tin vojhna, nhng dim lng, ngi lm vn cn . Tuy nhin, bn-trongtrng thi tng thin nhjhnath ci ngi lm binmt hon ton. Ch cn ci ngi bit th vn ang cmt. Lc ny thin sinh vn hon ton thc tnh gic,nhng tt cmi s kim sot u vt ra ngoi tm tay.


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Thin sinh thm ch khng thto ra mt nghno, cngkhng quyt nh c g. ch bng bng, v iu

ny c thl ng si vi nhng thin sinh mi, hchabao gi kinh nghim b tc mt ht s kim sot; v/tuynhin cng cha bao gic tnh thc n nhvy. (Mtkim sot, mt iu khin, mt ngi lm nhng vn honton tnh gic, hon ton bit, vn cn ci ngi bit). Nisl sbmt i mt phn no ca danh tnh ci Ta

ca mnh. Ni shi ny c thc i trbng lng-tinvo Gio Php ca c Pht, v nhvo snhn bit nimh-lc7 hp dn ang c trc mt. c Pht thng dyrng: Nim hlc [ca jhna] khng phi bshi,

m nn c theo ui, nn c pht trin, v nn cthc hnh thng xuyn... (theo kinh Latukikopama

Sutta, MN 66, 21). Nh vy, trc khi ni s pht sinh,bn hy thhin stin tng hon ton vo nim hlc, vtin tng vo Gio Php ca c Pht, v tin vo nhngthnh tngy xa tu hnh theo li dy Pht v tn gii thot. Hy tin tng vo Gio Php ca Pht v yn cho trng thi thin nh jhna bao trm ly bn trongmt tri nghim nhnhng, siu thot, v ng, v y hnh

phc; l trng thi su sc nht trong cuc i ca bn.Hy can m bung-b hon ton mi s kim sot trong

7Nhn tin, nim hlc bao gm hoan h(h) v hnh phc (lc). Nhng tnhcht ny u c trc v sau khi chng c tng thin nh thnht (NhtThin) v thhai (NhThin).

Tuy nhin, yu thoan h(h) skhng cn khi tm tin ln chng c tngthin nh thba (Tam Thin), v lc chcn li yu thnh phc (lc) vnhng yu tkhc trong jhna. (Gi bn cng c thm quyn Chnh nhqua ngn ngthng thng ca thin sBhante Gunaratana).


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chc lt v tmnh tri nghim trng thi thin nh su sc cho chnh mnh.

Nhng Tnh ChtCa Tng Thinnh (Jhna)8

Mtjhnako di trong qung thi gian lu. Nu n ch

ko di trong vi pht th n khng xng c gi l mttng thin nh. Nhng tng thin nh cao hn thng kodi trong nhiu gi. Khi trong tng thin nh, thngi tu khng cn chn la. Mt ngi thot ra khi tngthin nh ch khi tm sn sng thot ra, khi m nhngnng lng c c t s bung b c dng ht

trong . Mi tng thin nh l mt trng thi tnh-lng vtha-mn ca tm thc, cho nn bn cht ch thc ca nl ko di trong mt qung thi gian lu.

Mt c im khc ca jhna l n ch xy ra sau khinimitta c nhn thc mt cch r rt, nh gii thch

trc y. Hn na, thin sinh nn bit rng trong sut thigian nhp nhjhnath thin sinh skhng cn cm nhnv thn (v d: ch au), khng cn nghe m thanh bnngoi, khng cn to ra ngh, ngay c l nghtt. Chcn duy nht s r rt ca s nhn-thc, mt tri nghim

8

Jhna: (i) tng thin nh, (ii) trng thi tng thin nh, (iii) trng thinh ca tm trong tng thin nh, (iv) tng thin, ni chung. Trong schny, ngi dch dng cc chtng thin, tng thin nh, v jhna lhon ton ng ngha vi nhau; ty theo ngcnh m dng chno cho gnv dc.


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phi-i-i tip tc ko di chuyn nht trong mt qungthi gian rt lu. y khng phi s hn m, m l mt

trng thi tnh-gic cao.

Ti ni ra nhng c im nh vy bn c th tkim chng rng mnh ang trong mtjhnathc, hay chl mtjhnado tng tng. Ti sni r thm chi tit vcc tng thin nh jhnatrong cc Chng 9, 10, v 11.

Cuc Tranh Bin Ln VThin Minh St v Thinnh

Cc trng phi Pht gio thng ni vhai dng thin,

l Thin Minh St Tu (vipassana) v Thin nh(samatha). Thc ra, hai dng thin ny l hai mt khng thtch ri nhau ca mt tin trnh thin. Stnh-lng [nh] lnim hnh phc v bnh an c sinh ra t thin; tr tu[tu] l s hiu bit r rng [minh st] cng c c tthin. Stnh lng dn n tr tuv tr tudn n stnh

lng.

Nhng ai c tt c nhng hng dn trong quynsch ny v nhn lm rng: y ch l Thin nh(samatha) ch khng lin quan g n Thin minh st tu(vipassana) th xin cc bn nh rng tt c nhng hngdn trong quyn sch ny khng phi ch l thin nh(samatha) cng khng phi chl thin tu(vipassana). yl chl thin. Thin l stu dng tm, l thin (bhavana).Phng php thin ny c chdy bi chnh c Pht


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(AN IV, 12527; MN 151,1319), v c ti thc hnhli trong truyn thng Thin Trong Rng [Lm Thin]

vng ng Bc Thi Lan, trong c v thy ca ti lthin sAjahn Chah tu theo v truyn dy.

Thy Ajahn Chah thng ni rng Thin nh (samatha)v Thin minh st tu (vipassana) l khng th tch rinhau, ccp cng khng thc pht trin nu khng c

chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh gii hnh o c, vnvn. nh v Tu ging nh hai mt ca bn tay. Theotruyn thng o Pht Nguyn thy, chng khng th tchri nhau.

ch thc, tu tin c 7 Giai on m ti m t

trn y, ngi thin cn c mt shiu bit v chp nhnnhng gio l ca c Pht, v c hnh ca ngi thinphi c trong sch.

Thin tu [Thin minh st, Thin minh st tu, Thinqun] l mt phn tt yu ca phng php thin ctrnh by tu quyn sch n gi. c bit, dng thinny c thsn sinh ra loi tr tuhiu bit [tri kin] vbavn quan trng:

Tr tu nhn vo nhng vn kh khn [kh au,chng ngi] nh hng n hnh phc i thng;

Tr tunhn vo cch thc thin tp; v

Tr tunhn vo bn cht ca ci Ta ca bn.


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By gi, chng ta hy xem qua vba vn quan trngny mt cch r ngha hn:

Tr tunhn vo nhng vn kh khntc ng n hnh phc i thng

Khi mt vn kh khn khi sinhcht, bnh, mtmt, hay thm ch mt cuc ci v lm tn thngth n

khng chl au khm cn lm ri tung mi s. N gingnhblc m trong rng su nguy him. Khi ai blc trongrng, ngi y nn tro ln ngn cy cao hay chno caonht quan st nhng cnh tm xa, chng hn nhmtcon sng, con ng dn n chan ton. Khi mt ngi c c tm nhn tng qut ca tnh th, th ngi y s

khng cn bri tung hay lm ln.

Trong v d ny, rng rm tng trng cho nhng vnri ren trong i sng hng ngy. Leo ln ngn cy haych cao tng trng cho vic thin tp, n dn n khngkh tnh lng, mt m ni m tr-tu hay tm-nhn sinh ra.

Nhvy, khi bn c vn kh khn g, bn khng nn suynghcanh cnh mi vn. Nu csuy ngh, th bn chcngthm lan man ritung trong khu rng rm. Thay v vy, bnccn thn lm theo nhng hng dn vcch thc thintp c m ttrong Chng ny v Chng trc, v bnsc ththot khi nhng vn kh khn ca mnh. Bns leo ln c ngn cy bn trn khu rng rm, v t li

th bn c tht c tr tunhn vo bn trong nhngvic mnh slm, nhng vic cn phi c lm. Khi bn blc hng hay b ri ren trong cuc i, th gii php hay


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cu trli cho sng ph sxut hin ttrong ci tm bnhtnh v tnh lng. Cu tr li chnh l tr tu nhn v

nhng vn kh khn nh hng n i sng ca bn.

Tr tunhn vo cch thc thin tp

Khi kt thc mt phin thin, bn hy dnh vi pht

xem li, n nhli tt cnhng g xy ra trong thi gianngi thin. Bn khng cn phi ghi nhn trong khi angngi thin, bi v bn s d dng nh li nhng c imquan trng sau khi kt thc gi thin. Bui thin c an lchay khng, hay n ch l chn nn?. Gi th bn c th thi mnh l do ti sao c an lc hay chn nn. Bn lm g

tri nghim san lc, hay iu g gy ra schn nn?.Nu tm bn lang thang vo min t thn tin, iu lc bnh an v c ch g khng?. Cch xem xt li hay truy

vn li nhvy chnn thc hin vo lc sau khi kt thcgi thin, v vic spht sinh tr tunhn vo (i) cchthc thin ca bn, v nhn thy (ii) sthin nhvy l g.Bn hy tp thi quen t tnhvy, khng ai c th thinmt cch hon ho ngay tln u.

Nhng tr tuc c bng cch xem xt li vic thinca bn sau khi kt thc githin sgip lm su sc thmtri nghim ca bn vthin, gip bn cm thsu sc hnv vic thin ca mnh, v t c th i tr vt qua

nhng chng ngi. Vic pht trin loi tr tuminh st nhn vo vn thin ca bn l thc squan trng, v tisni li vn ny trong PHN 2 ca quyn sch.


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iu mun ni rng bn cn c tr tu thnh t

mi giai on m ti va ging gii. bn c thbung-btt cmi th, v dnhnhng ngh, bn cn c mtstr tuhiu bit csbung-bng nghal g. Khibn cng tu tp thnh thc nhng giai on ny, tr tucabn s cng thm su sc. V n khi bn tin n chngc tng thin nh, lc n s thay i ton b s hiu

bit v tr tuca bn.

Nhn tin, nhng tr tuca thin sng dng c chonhng rc ri v kh khn ca i sng thng ngy cangi tu. Bi v, nhng khuynh hng [gng cm] to ranhng chng ngi trong thin th cng ging nh nhng

thi ny nvn gy ra nhng kh khn trong i thng.Thin cng ging nhtp thdc, nhng bn tp luyn cccbp mnh mca tm to ra stnh-lng v tr-tu;ri bn dng chai [nh v tu] tu tin hn v ngdng vo trong i sng hng ngy mang li hnh phcv thnh t.

Tr TuNhn Vo Bn Cht Ci Ta Ca Bn

S thu hiu su xa nht v kh nm bt nht l tr tunhn vo bn trong bn thn Ta ch thc l g. Tr tuny khng thc c tnim tin hay suy ngh, m chc

c nh vo vic thin, bng cch tu tp tr nn tnhlng tuyt i, bng sgii ta tm, v bng cch hiu bitv tm. c Pht v tm ca chng ta ging nh mt


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trng rm bche khut bi nhng m my m. Nhng mmy tng trng cho nm gic quan v ngh. Trong trng

thi thin thm su, nm gic quan ln mt v hin lraci tm tinh khit v sng t. Trong trng thi tng thinnhjhna, bn thc sc thquan st ci tm tinh khit.

bit c nhng b mt bn trong ca tm, bn phitip tc quan st n trong trng thi tnh lng ca tng thin

nh jhna trong mt thi gian rt lu, lc khng cn nghno trong c.

Mt v dkvmt hoa sen c mt ngn cnh xp livo ban m v nra vo bui sng. Khi nhng tia nng mp u tin ca bnh minh ri vo lp cnh bn ngoi, chng

nxe ra, cho nhng tia nng tip tc ri vo lp cnhbn trong. Lp cnh li nra, cho tia nng m ri volp cnh tip theo, v cnhvy. Nhng nu c m myen xut hin v che khut mt tri, hoa sen tng khptt ccnh sen li. Phi tn mt thi gian lu, mt tri cn

phi chiu sng lin tc rt lu hoa sen mht n tnlp cnh hoa trong cng ca n, v mlra nhng iu bmt.

Hoa sen trong v dny tng trng cho tm; hi mmt tri tng trng cho s ch tm tnh lng; v mmy tng trng cho ngh [ ngh, vng tng, skchng trong tm] lm ph tan s tnh lng. Ti sm rng

thm ngha v d ny phn sau. Nhng y, ti chang mun ni rng nhng b mt bn trong l vt trn xangoi s tng tng ca bn. Mt s thin sinh chdng


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li mt lp cnh bn trong no , v d lp gia, v ngnhn nghrng: y, n y ri. B mt l y. Ngay

lc , s tnh-lng lin b ngt ngang, v hoa sen ngngay tt ccnh hoa li trong chp mt. y l sgic nggi. Cha ti u. (Stnh lng [nh] ca tm l v cngnhy. Khi bn ngh, ni, khi nim, gi tn hay xa von, th n lp tc bin mt. nh rt ngay!).

Khi no sthin ca bn thc sthm su, bn c thduy tr stnh lng trong nhiu ting ng h, quan st citm khng cn nhng chng ngi, v quan st lp trongcng ca cnh hoa sen m ra hon ton lm l ra vinngc qu nm trong li hoa sen, v ri chng ngtr-tutt-cng: stht ci Ta l ci g.

Cc bn hy ttm thy n, cho chnh mnh!.

Trong Chng trc, ti tvn rng:skin nhn lcch nhanh nht trong tu thin!. Skin nhn cng ti cnthit cho ba giai on thin m chng ta bn trongChng ny. Tt cnhng giai on ny u l nhng giaion bung b, mi giai on ph thuc vo s thnhcng cn thn ca giai on trc n. (Khng c kiu nhyvt, v dtgiai on 1 ln giai on 3 hay 7. Cng nhy lcng chm v bn cng phi quay li bc u). Cui cng,khi no bn chng c tng thin nh th lc bn mithc s bung-b ht. y mi chnh l s bung-b su

sc c c tvic tu tp cn thn v chuyn cn.


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Cn rt rt nhiu thvthin hn tt cnhng iu mti ni cho n lc ny. Trong hai chng u tin ny,

ti chni vphng php cn bnca thin: l 7 Giaion tu tp n tng thin nh th nht (Nht Thin).Cn rt nhiu iu cn phi ni vnhng chng ngi, vnhng tnh cht ca chnh nim, vnhng i tng thinkhc na (ngoi i tng hi-th) v nhiu th na.Chng ta hy bt u nghin cu chi tit vnhng chng

ngiv nhng cch i trvt qua chng.


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Chng 3

NHNG CHNG NGII VI THIN - I

Trong chng ny v chng ktip ti sging gii chi

tit vnm chng-ngi, l nhng trngi cho vic thinv bn shc cch i-trvt qua chng.

Nhng chng-ngi ny c gi trong ting Pali lnivarana. Ngha en l ng ca, l cn trkhng chovo, l ngn tr, v iu ny chnh xc l ngh ca

chng. Chng cn trkhng cho chng ta tin vo trng thinh tm v tng thin nh. Chng ngn tr, lm suy yu trtu, v lm tng ssi-m ngu m. Do vy, trong o Pht,nu c ai mun ni g vnhng kth ca thin, ngi yc thni rng nm chng ngi chnh l KTh SMtcho tt cmi ngi tu thin. Chng cn trkhng cho mi

ngi tin n gic ng, v vy r rng vic hiu r chngv i trchng l cng vic chnh ng v rt htrng mchng ta cn phi lm. Chng no chng ta cn cha hiur c chng, th chng ta khng thno i tr v vtqua chng. l nguyn l.

Mt ssthy khng ging gii vcc chng ngi mt

cch r rng v y , c bit i vi cc loi chngngi rt vi t. Nhng chng ngi vi-t[kh thy, mi clt bphn th tdthy bn ngoi] sngn trbn tu tin


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vo phn thin thm su. Nu khng chu c gng nhndng chng v i tr chng, chng s thng tr trong tm

bn. Bn sbcn tr, khng thhng c nim an lctrong tm v khng pht trin c tr tu ln lao gicng.

Vcn bn, nm chng ngi ng ngn gia bn v sgic ng. Khi bn bit r vchng, bn sc chi tt

i tr chng. Nhng, nu bn cha chng c c tngthin nhjhna, th c ngha l bn vn chahiu r honton vchng. Cn nu bn chng c nhng tng thinnh thm su , th c ngha l bn vt qua chng.

Nguyn l n gin l nhvy.

c Pht t tn cho nm chng-ngi l:

Tham dc(kma-cchanda)c (vyapada)

Bun ngv n(thna-middha)Bt an v lo lng(uddhacca-kukkucca)

Nghi ng(vicikiccha)

y l trt tthng thng m Pht xp, v theo thtny, chng ta bt u xem xt tng ci.

Chng Ngi thnhtTHAM DC

Tham Dc (kma-cchanda) l chng ngi u tin vtnh h trng ca n trong danh sch nm chng ngi


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chnh. N l chng ngi ln ngn cn ngi tu tin vothin nh su. Mt sngi tu hiu r hon ton vphm

vi hot ng ca chng. Chng khng phi ch l nhngtham mun gic quan theo cch hiu thng thng. Trctin, trong ting Pali, kmac ngha l nhng ththuc vnm gic quan: nhn, nghe, ngi, nm, v chm xc. Cnchanda c ngha l sa thch, s tham mun, s khoi.Cho nn, tghp ca hai tny l kma-cchna c ngha

l s khoi lc, s thch th, s dnh lu vi th gii canm gic quan: nhc dc.

V d, khi chng ta ang thin v nghe mt m thanh, tisao chng ta khng thpht ln?. Ti sao n quy nhiuta nhvy?. Nhiu nm trc kia Thi Lan, c my ngi

lng nm xung quanh tu vin ca chng ti, htchc tictng. m thanh t nhng ci loa rt l ln ting, hu nhph vtt csan bnh tnh lng ca tu vin. Khi chng tithan phin vi ngi thy ca chng ti, thin s AjahnChah, rng ting n quy nhiu s thin ca chng ti.Vi strli rng: Khng phi ting n quy nhiu ccthy, m chnh cc thy ang quy nhiu ting n!.

Trong v d trn y, tham dc l ci tm dnh lu voci m thanh . Tng t, khi sthin ca bn blm ginon bi mt chau, chng hn chn, th lc khng

phi s au quy ry bn m chnh bn quy ry s au.Nu bn c chnh nim, th lra bn nhn thy stnh-

gic ca bn ri khi tm v hng vo thn, v n liang ch n nhng cm gic. l tham dc ang cmt.


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Rt kh m i trtham dc bi v chng ta qu dnh lu

vo nm gic quan v nhng hnh vi ca chng. M lthng th khi ta bdnh mc hay rng buc vi thg thhu nhkhng thno chng ta c th thot ra c khin. hiu c sdnh mc hay rng buc, chng ta nnxem xt skt ni gia nm gic quan v thn ca chng ta.Thng thng ngi ta ni rng nm gic quan bo

v thn ca chng ta, nhng tr tu th ni ngc li: rngci thn cung cp chic xe cho nm gic quan do chitrong th gii. Bn s nhn ra rng, khi nm gic quankhng cn, th thn cng khng cn. Bung bci ny cngha l bung bc lun ci kia.

Bung-BTham Dc Tng Bc, Tng Cht

Khng phi n gin, khng phi bn c thquyt nhbung-b nm gic quan v thn ch bng mt vi n lcn l. Vic bung-b tham dc trong thin phi c lmmt cch tt, tng bc, tng cht mt. Bn hy bt uchn mt ni thoi mi, yn tnh ngi thin. Bn c thngi trn ghnu vic lm bn thoi mi hn, nn nhrng ngay cc Pht cng c lc ngi trn gh thin.Khi bn va nhm mt c thbn cha thcm nhn cnhiu vthn ca mnh. iu ny cng ging nhvic bnmi ngoi sng i vo trong bng ti, phi mt vi pht

bn mi quen dn v bt u cm nhn c nhng cmgic ca thn. Do vy, cng phi mt vi pht sau khi nhm


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mt th bn mi c thiu chnh xong tthngi n nhcui cng.

Vic nung chiu tham dc theo cch ny s gip takhng ch c n trong chc lt. Thn ca bn s cmthy thoi mi v nm gic quan c tha mn, nhngkhng c bao lu. Bn phi dng stdo thoi mi utin ny t tm ln trn nm gic quan, khng cho nm

gic quan vi ti .

Bt u, bn bt u bng (a) stnh gic vo giy phthin ti. Lc ny, phn ln hay tt cqu khv tng laiang b chim ch bi nhng th thuc nm gic quan.

Nhng k c ca chng ta l ang thuc v nhng cm

nhn v thn, nhng mi v, nhng m thanh, nhng mihng, hay nhng cnh sc. K hoch ca chng ta angcha ton nhng vic ca nm gic quan. Nhng nhc[thin] sch tm tnh gic vo giy pht hin ti, chngta sct bc nhiu tham-dc.

Giai on thin tip theo l (b) sch tm im lng vogiy pht hin ti. Trong giai on ny, chng ta bung-btt-c ngh. c Pht nh dng c mt kha cnhca tham dc c gi l kma-vitakka: ttng tham dc,c ngha l s ngh hay t tng v th gii nm gicquan, vnhc dc. (ch vitakka c ngha l t tng pdng, thng c gi l tm. Bn s c thm v n

trong phn ni v vitakka v vicara). i vi thin sinhmi, dng ttng r rng nht ca tham dc l tngvtnh dc. Ngi ta thng tn mt rt nhiu thi gi, c


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bit l trong kha thin, vi loi t tng tnh dc ny.Chng ngi ny i vi tin trnh thin nh c thc

i trbng snhn thc ng n, nhtr tuhay lng tin,rng: s t do hon ton khi nm gic quan [khi nhcdc] l sung sng hn, ngy ngt hn v su sc hn sovi nhng tri nghim sng nht ca khoi lc tnh dc. Vd nh trng thi tng thin nh jhna ca tm th chcchc l h lc v thanh cao hn nhiu so vi nhng khoi

lc nhc dc. Mt Tng hay Ni tbi sng tnh dc lkhng phi bi v hbtrm cm hay sst, m v hnhnthy [hay tin tng] c mt thkhoi lc khc cao qu hn( l tng thin nh, l sgii thot). Ngay cnhng nghvba cm tra cng thuc vtham dc tha mngic quan ca thn. Chng quy ri stnh lng. V t ngi

tu nhn ra rng sch vo nhng cm nhn ca thn cngl mt phn ca chng ngi tham dc (kma-cchna) vtrngi cho vic tu tin: v dnhssuy nghvbn thnmnh ang thvo, ang nghe mt m thanh, hay cmgic au nhi...l thuc v t tng tham dc (kama-vitakka) v trngi cho vic tu hnh.

Lo T, gio chLo gio ca Trung Hoa, thng chophp t i bch b chung vi ng vo bui chiu viiu kin ngi y phi hon ton im lng. Vo mt chiun, khi h i n gn sn ni, ngi t nhn xt:Hong hn p qu. T , Lo T chng bao gi ngi t i theo na. Khi ngi ta hi ti sao, ng

lin ni: Khi anh ta ni Hong hn p qu th anh tachng cn nhn ngm hong hn, m chang nhn ngm lini ca mnh. V vy, bn cn phi bung bsnhn xt


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[ghi nhn] v bn khi quan st li ni th bn khng cn chtm chnh nim vci m bn ang csc m tn. Trong

s tnh gic im lng vo giy pht-hin ti, th iu nyging nh thgii nm gic lc ny bnht trong lng,khng thi lang thang, khng cn gy phin nhiu g na.K tip, bung b nm gic quan, cng vi thn, mtcch hon ton, bn nn chn cch tp trung schnh nimca mnh vo mt phn nhca thgii gic quan, cch ly

khi nhng phn cn li. Phn nhca thgii gic quan lHi Th. Bn tp trung schnh nim vo cm nhn cathn vo Hi Th, khng ch tm vo bt cthg khctrong thn, hay bt cm thanh no, bt ci tng nokhc...Hi th trthnh mt bc ta bc tthgiinm gic quan ln cnh gii thanh cao hn ca tm.

Khi bn lm c vic duy tr sch tm trn vn vohi th th bn s chng cn nghe thy bt c m thanhno. Bn khng bao gi nhn bit s nghe tt t lcno, bi v bn cht ca snghe l phai bin tt. Sphai-

bin l mt tin trnh chkhng phi l mt skin, tintrnh cng ging nhscht-dn-i ca thn xc chngta trong qung thi gian di hn vy. Thng thng, bn cthpht hin li khi kt thc gingi thin [nh ti hng dn Chng 2: rng trong mt khong thi gianno (v d20 pht) tm khng cn bit hay nghe btcm thanh no]. Bn cng pht hin li lc ngi thin rngthn cng bin mt, lc bn khng cn cm gic c

chn, cng khng cn nhn c thng tin g thai chn.Tt c nhng g bn cn bit [lc ngi thin] l duy nhtcm-nhn vhi-th.


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Mt s thin sinh trnn hong-ht khi nhng bphn

thn mnh dng nhbin mt. iu cho thy sdnh-mc vo thn ca hcn qu m, hcha bung bcthn. l chng ngi tham dc ang c mt, vn anghot ng v ang lm cn tr tin trnh thin tp ca bn.Thng thng th bn squen dn vi cm gic phai binca nhng cm nhn ca thn, v bt u thch th vo s

tnh lng tuyt vi vt trn nhng cm nhn. l mt sgii thot v nim hoan hc sinh ra tsbung b, vchng l nim khch l cho bn tip tc bung b nhngrng buc dnh mc ca mnh.

Ri chng bao lu th hi-th bin mt v du hiu

nimittakdiu xut hin trn y trong tm bn. y chnhl lc bn hon-ton bung-b c tt c tham dc(kma-cchna)tc l bung bc sdnh mc ca bnvo th gii nm gic quan. Bi v khi du hiu nimittac xc lp th tt c nm gic quan u b trit tiu vthn ca bn nm ngoi vng ph sng. Lc ny,chng ngi Tham Dc [chng ngi ln u tin] cvt qua, v iu l nim hnh phc. Bn ang ngngca bc vo tng thin nhjhna.

Phng php ny l bung btham dc tng bc vtng cht. iu ny cng l l do cc Giai on thin c lp ra v ging dy theo cch tng-bc nhvy. Nh

li c Pht ni c ghi trong b kinh Jatakas (Ja4,173), (Chuyn Tin Thn Ca c Pht), nhsau:


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Khi bn cng bung b th gii nm gic quan, th

bn cng tri nghim nim hnh phc. Nu bn mun

tri nghim ton b nim hnh phc, th bn cnbung bton bthgii nm gic quan.

Chng Ngi thhaiC

Chng ngi th hai l c (vyapada), hay c thdch l c cm [sn gin, ght b], cng l mt chng-ngi ln cn trsthin nh su. Chng ngi ny c bitl ln i vi ngi phng Ty hay ngi c t tngsng cnh tranh sinh tn. Thng thng ngi ta hayngh c ging nh s gin ght i vi ngi khc.

Nhng iu cha ni ln y cc kha cnh ca chny, bi v c ca thin sinh y thng l sc cmi vi bn thn mnhv i vi i tng [ch] thinca mnh.

C CM i vi Bn Thn Mnh

Sc-cm i vi bn thn mnh thng thhin bngtm l khng mun cho mnh c hng hnh phc (lc),hay c bnh an (an), hay c thnh cng (chng c)trong vic thin tp. (iu ny nghe c v l!). Nhng rtnhiu ngi bnhvy, bi v hc nhng mc cm ti

li rt su bn trong. iu ny cng rt phbin i vinhng ngi phng Ty, do cch h c nui nng vtrng thnh trong nhng nn vn ha phng Ty. c


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vi bn thn mnh l nhng thi canh chng, d chng tbn ngoi trong khi ang ngi thin. y c th l mt

chng ngi lm cho bn khng tht ti nh su.

Nhiu nm trc ti c nghe mt ni c ngi u ni viti rng ni thin nh rt su bc vo cc tng thinnh. Nhng khi ni n ngng ca tng thin nh th ciu g ngn bn thn ni li, ging nh mt cm gic

mc-cm l mnh khng xng ng c chng c nimhnh phc vy!. chnh l s c cm vi bn thnmnh ngn chn tin trnh chng c , n to ra sngingng bn trong . i khi, khi s thin ca chng ta c bnh an, yu thnh phc (lc) khi sinh, chng ta lingh rng c iu g bt n. Chng ta c c cm [mc

cm] vi bn thn mnh nn chng ta ngn cn, khng chobn thn mnh c hnh phc v tti. Trong trng hpca ni , ni hiu r c mt dng chng ngi c rt vi tngn cch gia ni v tng thin nh jhna. Ni khng nghrng mnh xng ng c nhiu hnh phc nhvy.

Thc ra, ai trong chng ta cng xng ng t cnim hnh phc ca tng thin nh!. Ti sao khng?.Chng c g cn trvic tt p . Trn i c nhng nimhnh phc bt hp php. Cng c nhng ngi vi phm giihnh o c, gy nn nhiu iu khng lnh, gy nnnhng tc ng xu xa kinh khng. Nhng trng thi thinnhjhnath u phi l tc ng tiu cc, u phi l bt

hp php, cng u phi sai tri vo c, v chnh cPht c bit khuyn khch tu tp cc tng thin nh.

Nu bn chu kh nhn k li cch thin ca mnh, bn c


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th thy mnh ang i u vi chng ngi c cm ny,ng nn cho n khi gn n ngng ca tng thin

nh ri mi nhn ra iu , nhtrng hp ca ni c nitrn.

Chng ta nn i din vi chng ngi c cm ngay tgiai on u, i trn tkhi n bt u cn trs thchth ca chng ta v s thin nh tnh lng tnhng ngy

u. Nu khng i trn ngay th c lbn chang thchngi thin vi ni kh au hn l mun th hng nimhnh phc v bnh an ca thin. C th bn ngh mnhkhng xng ng vi hnh phc, phc lnh, v s tdo tti. Sc cm vi hnh phc ni tm l du hiu chc chcca ti li g . Khi mt ai b bt ti, th sau l hnh

pht no , c thl do ta n lut php quyt nh. Ti liv hnh pht l mt cp i i trong nn vn ha v thcca chng ta. Do vy, khi chng ta nghvmt ti li no, iu tip theo chng ta nghl hnh pht i vi chngtatc tchi khng cho mnh c thnh thi, hnh phc,hay sung sng. (Kiu nh mc cm ti li, cm gicngng ngng, xu h, n nn, ray rt, cm gic mnh lkhng trong sch). c bit tm l nhng ngi phngTy chay i tm hnh pht cho mnh. iu tht l inr!.

THIN CM i vi Bn Thn Mnh

iu ny l ngc li vi c cm i vi chnh mnh. i tr chng ngi c cm vi bn thn mnh, bn c th


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thin tp v Tm T [i vi bn thn mnh] nh trongnhiu kinh sch v ging lun hng dn. Hy thgin.

Tnhrng: Cnh ca n tri tim c mrng cho bnthn mnh. Ta cho php mnh c hnh phc. Ta cho phpmnh bnh an. Ta c thin cm vi bn thn mnh, thin cmcho bn thn mnh c bnh an v hnh phc trongthin. Nu bn khng th thc tp tm t vi chnh bnthn mnh, bn nn hi ti sao. C thc mt mbng dng

ti li nm su bn trong tm thc, v bn nghsc hnhpht. Bn khng c mt stha thv iu kin dnh chocho bn thn mnh.

Mt kha cnh o c p ca Pht gio l khngchp n nhng g ngi khc lm vi mnh, d cho h

lm hoi, lm qu nhiu ln; v iu h lm l qu btcng, tn c, v v l i vi mnhvy m bn cn c ththa thc, nu bn ng l mt Pht tchn chnh, vyti sao bn khng th tha thc cho chnh mnh?. Tithng nghe nhiu Pht t ni rng c nhng iu lkhng th tha thc. Cch ni nh vy khng phi lo Pht!.Khng c iu g, tuyt i khng c iu g mta khng ththa thc, theo o Pht!.

Nhiu nm trc, c ngi tdng n mt trng tiuhc nc Sct-len (Scotland) v git cht nhiu trem thngy . Trong bui lnh th sau v thm st , mtgio s ni ting xin Cha hy ng tha th cho k st

nhn ny, ng cho rng nhng iu hn lm l khng ththathc!. (i vi tm l chung ca chng ta vsthngxt, shn lng, v vsan ninh cuc sng, th syu cu


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nghe c vhp l, c bit gip rn e nhng kbtlng khc). Tuy nhin, khi nghe vy, lng ti bng nh

chm xung, khi nghe vng u tn gio vng kinquyt khng tha th v khng m mt li i no lmlnh vt thng ca mi ngi sau thm kch . Theo nho Pht, bn c ththa thmi th. Stha th gii tac nhng kh khn cv khng to ra nhng vn khkhn mi. Cng nhi vi chnh mnh, nu bn c lun

lun nhc nhv khng tha thcho bn thn mnh th cngkhng gii ta c mc cm ti li, m cn tip tc to rakh khn mi. i lc, vn nm chn su trong bndi. C lc bn qun n ri. Nhng bn chay nhlici g nm bn di tm thc v li cm thy ti li, cngha l bn khng th tha thcho mnh. Bn cc l do

cn trmnh t n s t do gii thot, cn trmnh tn cc tng thin nh v sgic ng. Nhiu lc y l ldo chnh khin cho vic thin tp ca bn khng thnhcng. Hy xem xt li v loi bl do ny.

C CM i vii Tng Thin Ca Mnh

c cm [skhng a thch] vi-tng thin ca mnhl mt kh khn phbin i vi ngi ang thin vhi-thm cha thnh cng g c. Ti dng chcha, v nchl vn thi gian m thi. Bt cai cng u c ththnh cng nu hlm ng theo hng dn tu tp. Nhng

nu bn vn chalm c th c thdo bn vn cn nhngc cm hay s khng thc s thch vic thin hay itng thin ca bn. Bn c th ngi xung v ngh rng:


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nghen, lu qu mnh phi ngi vi nhau ti cn hi thmanh lu nay sng ra lm sao ch...Ti tr hn khng quan

trng. Thin cng ging nhngi bn ctri m bn lundnh thi gian gp. Bn c thmun btt cnhng thkhc c ngi bn ngi bn yu qu . Nu bn nghethy ngi bn [thin] cch ccy s, bn hy chy n,m chm ly anh bn thin, mi thin mt ly c-f u ngi ni chuyn vi nhau.

V i vi i tng thin l hi-th, bn cng nn trnqu nhngi bn, hn na hi-thchnh l ca bn, l ssng ca bn. Chng ta v hi-th ca ta l i bn thnthit nht. Nu bn bit trn qu hi-thca mnh, th bns thy vic thin ch tm vo hi-th s tht d dng.

Ngc li, nu bn thy mnh khng thch hi-thchn ngtny, th bn sthy kh khn khi thin vi tng hi-th.Ging nh bn nhn thy mt ngi bn ght bn kiang, bn ni rng: G na y, gp li thny na ri,v bn n vo ct n cho th bn khng nhnthy bn. Bn chng mun gp n. Nhvy l kh ri, khi

bn khng thch th rt kh. Tnh trng ny cng ging nh phng tp th dc. Bn phi c sc, nghin rng, nhnmt ctcho n khi au khng nng tc na. Bnkh tp nh vy ch v trng i kt qu c bp s snchc ln sau thi gian chu ng khluyn. iu ny c thng vi s tp th dc. Nhng iu ny khng ng vithin. Nu bn ngi thin v hi-th vi thi c chu

ng n c thnh cng, th bn chng cn hy vng gu. V vy, bn cn phi tu dng thin-cm i vi itng thin. (Cng i vi nh thc n m bc, bn phi


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nghng n l lnh mnh v tt cho sc khe, th bn n sthy ngon lnh. Chkhi n ci g m bn khng a thch n

th lm sao m bn n thy ngon c). Hy lp trnh bnthn mnh yu thch thin. Nghrng: , tuyt vi!. Tt cchl ngi xung v khng lm g khckhng vng bnthg, khng cn vit th, khng cn gi in thoi cho ai.Chngi xung, vi ngi bn thn qu lu nm, l HiTh. Nu bn chlm nhvy, bn sdp bc chng

ngi c cm i vi hi-th, v bn tu tp c tm tyumn dnh cho hi-thca chnh mnh.

Ti dng phng php sau y i trbt kc cmno i vi hi thca ti. Ti nhn vo hi-th nhmta con mi sinh ra. Bn c thno b ri mt a con

siu th?. Bn c bao gibri a con trn ng i haykhng?. Bn c bao giblhay khng canh chng n mtlc lu hay khng?. Vy th sao chng ta khng thch n hi-thca chng ta?. (Hi thca chng ta thuc vtatrong tng giy pht, cn hn c con ca chng ta). Nuchng ta khng th n hi-thth chc bi v ta khngc lng tt vi n, chng ta khng thch th vn, v chngta khng trn trng n. Bn nn coi trng hi-thnhmta con tr, hay mt ngi thn yu ca bn, bi v n rthu cvi bn, v n rt db tn thng; do vy, bn skhng bao gibung l, bqun hay bung bn. Bn slun ch tm [chnh nim] vn. Ngc li, nu bn c ccm vi n bn sthy mnh clng xng, lan man khi n

v qun m

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