This is Only for Nayan

8/9/2019 This is Only for Nayan

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THIS IS ONLY FOR NAYAN

Collocations and Set Phrases

A/an

Have a … take a …Have a drink/ have a bite/ have a laugh/ have a look/ take a lookHave a go/ have a talk/ have a say/ have a try/ have a rideHave a walk/ take a walk/ have a rest/ take a restA few/ a little/ a lot (of)A kilo/ a meter/ a dozen etcA coffee/ a fruit juice/ a Coke etcA hundred/ a thousand/ a million etcA year/ a week/ an hour etc

Allall say/ night/ morning/ afternoon/ evening etc.

all summer/ winter etc.all day long/ all night long/ all summer long etc.all year roundall the time= continuallyfor all time=for ever(Not) … at all= in any wayby all means (for giving permission)all in all (for summing up)all of a sudden = suddenlyfor all = despitefor all I/ we know (to say that something may be true, but it’s not important)

first of all..(to emphasize what comes first)after all (to say that something happens in spite of what has been said/done)

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am/ is/ areBe+done / made/ called/ put/ given/ taken/ used/ told

Laundry is done on holidaysIt is made hereHe is called ‘Raju’ It is put on the top of cupboardIt is kept all the time hereIt is given to all

It taken from hereIt used for all purposesare you(still) there? (when you are talking on the phone)where are you (frequently asked on mobile phones)where are you from? (to ask nationality, home town)what’s it called in Spanish / English/ French?

And And so on / and stuff/ and everything (for expanding a category)And/ or…(to say that two things, or only one of them, can exist or may happen)‘Go + and’

go and see / go and get/ go and have/ go and make/ go and buy ‘come + and’



come and get/ come and see/ come and sit/ come and say/ come and havecome and help/ come and stay‘try + and’

try and get/ try and find/ try and remember/ try and do/ try and make/nice and …..

good and … (to add some positive emphasis)and follows a hundred – a hundred and ten3

Any ‘any’ is used in negative and interrogative sentences and in ‘if’ clausesnever any = I never have any nice teachershardly any= I have hardly any blue shirtsseldom any= I seldom see any horror moviesrarely any = I have rarely gone to any movie alonenot any good/ use (to say something is not good or useful)in any case/ in any event = whatever the situation is or may be

‘at any rate’ (to say that at least one thing about the situation is true)by any chance ( to find out if something is true)

Asas for … (to change to another subject)such as … = for exampleas yet = until nowas it is/ as it was… ( to say what the real situation is or was)

serve asuse something asbe known asbe regarded asbe seen asbe considered asbe defined asoften to introduce clauses which point forward or back in written EnglishAs we have seen, the best method of preventing…As shown in the diagram …As we shall see in chapter 3 ….4

AskAsk a question / ask questions

Ask permissionAsk my opinionAsk the way/ the time/ the priceAsk a favour/ ask some advice‘…if you ask me’ (to show that you are stating a strong opinion

‘may I ask? (a polite, formal way of asking a question) ‘if you don’t mind my/me asking’ (to ask about a sensitive topic) ‘don’t ask ’ (to say, informally, that you don’t want to answer the question) ‘don’t ask me’ (to say, often with irritation, that you don’t know the answer)

AtAt the beginning, at the end, at the top, at the bottom

At home, at work, at school, at university, etcAt the doctor’s / at the hairdresser’s / at the drycleaner’s



At the bank/ at the station/ at the post officeAt a party/ at a meeting/ at a meeting/ at a concert/ at a weddingAt dawn/ at dusk/ at sunrise/ at sunset/ at noon/ at midnight/ at nightLook atlaugh at

stare atsmile atget atbe aimed at5

At (long) last = eventually At once= immediately, or, at the same time At least.. (to say that something is the minimum or that can be done) At the moment/ at present = now At its/ his/ her etc best= in its/ his/ her best state‘While you’re at it’ (to tell that someone should do something while he is at

someother work)

Backreverse movement:fall backhang backlean backlie backstand backstep backturn back

look backcut backkeep backset back6return movement:

arrive backbe backbounce backcome backget back

fight backdrive backfly backanswer backcallphone backbring backget backgive backpay backput back

take backwin back



If you back down from something what you have said earlier, you change your

mind.If you back into / out of , a parking space, you reverse your car into thatIf you back out of something that you agreed to do, you no agree to do thatIf you back someone up, you support them.

7 At the back/ in the back = in the rear part of somethingBack and forth = going and returningBack to front = with the back part at the frontBehind my/his back = without my/his knowing

BeLet (….) be ( to advise someone not to try to change a situation)To be fair/ to be honest/ to be frank etc.(to indicate how you feel about whatyouare going to say next)… as can be/ …. As could be = as much as possible

(…) to be = futureThe bride to-be was wearing pink

BeenHe has been here all day here/ for a long time/ lately/ since 8am/

‘It’s been one of those days’ (to say you have had a busy and tiring day) ‘It’s been ages since…’ (to emphasize the length of time since something lasthappened)It has been ages since I saw a good movie.

BeingBeing silly/

Being unfair/ rude/ stupid/ honest/ good/naughty/ ridiculous/ careful/ serious/ selfish/ and unreasonable.I hope you are not being serious; do you really think…For the time being = temporarily

All things being equal = if there are no other factors that will affect the situation

All things being equal, women are better language learners than men.8

ButI don’t like oranges, but I do like lemonWe didn’t see a drama, but we did go to a cinema

‘ yes, but…’ (to signal a difference of opinion in conversation)

The movie was good, wasn’t it? ~ Yes, but it was too long. ‘I’m sorry, but… / I’d love to, but …,(to introduce an apology or excuse) ‘but for… = except for/ if it hadn’t been for…But for your help, I would not have passed the exam.But then (again) … (to show that what you have just said is not surprising)

All but…. = almost completelyThe last but one = not the last one but the one before the last one

ByBy car/ by bus/ by train etcBy e-mail, by phone, by word of mouth etc.

By occurs with lots of verbs of movement such as:go by



pass byrun byfly byrush bywalk by

If you get by you manage to live or survive with minimal resourcesIf you put money by, you save it for later use.Drop by is an informal way of paying visit. I’ll drop by and see how you areIf you stand by or stick by someone, you give them your support.If you swear by something, you believe it is reliable or effectiveBy and large… (to talk generally about something)Bit by bit / little by little / step by step etc… (to say sth happens gradually)By the way… (introduce a new topic or comment, into the conversation)

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Can‘I can’t tell you how…’ (to express strong feelings)

I can’t tell you how relieved I was when they all left. ‘I can’t believe (it)!’ (to express surprise) ‘who can that be?’ (to ask about an unexpected guest, phone call etc

I can’t believeI can’t imagineI can’t understand ….

CouldIt could definitely be stress that is causing you headacheIt was so dark I could hardly see the shoreI couldn’t possibly agree to those terms… couldn’t be better… couldn’t be worse

‘ couldn’t agree more…couldn’t agree less

ComeIf you come across something or someone, you find it, or meet them by chanceIf someone comes at you, they move towards you threateningly.If something comes back , it returns.If something comes down, it crashes or collapses.If you come down with an illness, you catch that illnessIf you come into money, you inherit it.

If something comes off , something, it becomes detached.If something comes out, it emerges.If someone comes round, they became convincedIf a bill comes to an amount it adds up to that amount.If a job comes up, it becomes available.If someone comes up with plan or idea, they suggest it.

10Coming and going (to describe a lot of movement)

Where do you come from? ( to ask about someone’s nationality or place of origin… come as a shock …come as a surprise

…come as a disappointment etc (to talk about a news)come what may = in spite of any difficulties



‘How come?’ ( to ask for the reasons for something)

Forarrange forask forbargain for

care forfall forlong forlook forplan forprepare forprovide for (=look after financially)settle fortime forroom forspace for

need fordesire forhope forchance forreason forpurpose forcase forargument forarrangement forcure for11

use forright forwrong forhard fordifficult foreasy fordangerous forcommon fornormal forusual forunusual for

important fornecessary forpossible forfor ages = for a long timefor now / for the time being (to suggest something as a temporary solution)what for= whyif weren’t for / if it hadn’t been for …(to say that someone or something is solely

responsible for a situation

Getget it = understandit gets me / what gets me is …

to get there= to achieve your goalget + past participle



get marriedget lostget dressedget involved inget rid of

12good morning/ afternoon/ evening (for greeting)goodbye/ good nightfor good = for everwhat good…? ( to suggest that something has no benefit)…any good? = of any value/ of any interest?That’s no good = to say that something is not suitable

A good deal = a lotGood for him/her/them (to say that you are pleased about something good that

has happened to someone)It /this will do you good (to recommend something to someone)

Feel good/ be good/ look good/ seem good/ smell good/ sound good/ tastegood/become good/

GotGot many …Got lots of Got a few ….Have you got a (…) on you? ( for asking to borrow something)I’ve got no idea / I haven’t got a clue ( for saying you don’t know the answer)

You’ve got me there (for saying you don’t know the answer) You’ve got to be joking/ kidding (for expressing disbelief)

‘What’ve you got against…?’ (to ask why someone opposes or rejectssomething)where has/have (…) got to? (for asking where someone is or something is)what’s got into ….? (for asking what is the matter with someone)

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HaveI have already/never/always/just/also/now/ever/only/recently/actually done itMeals: have lunch/ have a snack/ have something to eatFood and drink: have a sandwich/ beer/ a cup of coffeeEnjoyable experiences: have fun/ have a good time/ a laugh/Unpleasant experiences: have a bad day/ have an accident/ have an operationDaily routines: have a bath/ have a rest/ have a walkOther expressions: have a look/ have a go/ have a try etcI have to admit (to speak honestly)

HowHow are you? ( to greet someone you know)How do you do? (to greet someone more formally)How are things? (to ask about news/ health etc)How’s it going? ( to ask if someone is happy with what they are doing)How about you? (to return a question or suggestion)How about…? (to make a suggestion)

How come? =why?How do you mean? (to ask for an explanation)



How oldHow bigHow fastHow highHow high

How heavyHow longHow oftenHow wellHow goodHow ever14

If If I were you… (to give advice)If only … (to express a regret)What if..? (to make a suggestion)

If you don’t mind / if it is all right with you (to make a request)I wonder if it is ready. I wonder if she will come hereSee if this fits.I doubt if the Director will agreeI don’t care if he comes here or notIt doesn’t matter if it rains because we can eat under the shelterI don’t mind if you come a little early

InArrive inbelieve inbe born inget inoccur inresult inbe used ininvolve yourself intrain someone ininterest someone inBreak income in

jump increep incrawl in15run inrush instep inOthers verbs:be ingive in

join insettle intune in

Ask someone inInvite someone in



Let something inShut something inTake something in = learn somethingFall in withGo in for

Keep in withZero in onNouns in the following groups commonly come after inEmotions:in lovein painin tearsin a bad moodDifficulty:

in troublein danger

in a mess16Places:

in bedin hospitalin prisonin town

Areas:

in the north of/in the south of…in front of..in the distance etc.Times:in autumn/ in spring etc.. in the morning/ in the eveningDimensions: in height/ length/ shape/ sizeThe following adjectives are followed by inInterested inengaged inactive ininvolved inLacking inrich inlow inFluent inskilled inexperienced inDressed inclothed inIn fact…. (to say that something is true, although surprisingIn case.. = in order to be prepared for a possible situationIn spite of …. ( to indicate that something may be surprising)The in-thing = the most fashionable thing17

ItIt is/was + NP / adjective



It is a miracle ….It is a disaster….It is a myth …It is no surprise…It is no wonder…

It is a safe betIt is my guess..It is your fault..+ to –infinitiveIt is a joy…It is a relief…It is a shock…It is a mistake …It is a surprise…It is our aim …It is my hope..

It is my decision …+that clause /+ to-infinitivea pity/ a shame/ a good ideaIt’s no wonder you are exhaustedIt’s a safe bet that your team will loseIt was a joy to hear her voice againIt was a shame not to have waited+that clauseIt is likely that..It is unlikely that….It is true…

It is obvious…It is lucky …It is unlucky…18It is hard/difficult / easy/ not easy / to –infinitive / V +ing

It is amazing how fast children growIt’s me/ it’s (….) here

‘we made it’ = we succeededI can’t help it = I’m not able to control my feelings

I am sorry I laughed at you, I couldn’t help it.

Just

Just frequently combines with the following wordsJust aboutJust beforeJust afterJust asJust enoughJust likeJust thenJust in time= with no time to spareJust a minute / just a second/ just a moment (to tell someone to wait for sometime

Just like that (to emphasize that something happens very easily)I’m just looking (to say that you don’t need any assistance in a shop



KeepKeep combines with particles to form phrasal verbsIf you keep away/back or keep something or someone away/ back you putdistance between yourself and themIf you keep something down, you prevent it from increasing

If you keep someone down, you prevent them form achieving thingsIf you keep on, you continue in the same direction, or you continue doing itIf you keep off something, you don’t go on it, or you avoid itIf you keep to something like a plan, you don’t deviate from it.If you keep something up, you maintain it.19If you try and keep up with someone, or something, you try to stay at the same

speed or level with them.Most frequent verbs coming after ‘keep’ are: come, get, go, say, tell, and tryKeep coming to the classes.

He kept trying until it started

‘How are you keeping?’ ( to ask about someone’s health)keep track of something = have up to-date information about something

‘it will keep’ ( to say that something can wait for later)

KnowKnow exactlyKnow for certainKnow full wellKnow perfectly wellKnow very wellLet me knowGet to know‘I know’ = I agree

‘I don’t know’ = I disagree‘ you know’ (to emphasize what you are saying)

‘ you know’ (to give extra information about something or someone) ‘ you know’ (to fill a pause) ‘ you know what I mean’ (to indicate that your listener knows what you are

talking about ‘ you never know’ ( to suggest that, although, the future is uncertain, things mayturn out for the better.

‘not that I know of ’ = I am not sure but I think not‘as/ so far as I know’ (to say what you think is the case, but that you may bewrong)‘for all I know’

knowing (….) =taking into account what this person is like20

LetIf you let someone down, you disappoint them.If you let someone in or out or back , you allow them to enter or leave or returnIf you let someone off , you release them, or you decide not to punish themIf you let on(about sth), you reveal something that you are not supposed to.If something like the rain, lets up, it slows down or stops.

Let alone….(to follow a negative statement with something even more unlikely)He can hardly walk, let alone drive.



There is not enough food for us, let alone six guests. ‘Let me see/ let’s see/ let me think ….’ (to give yourself time to think) ‘let’s face it’ = you have to admit ‘let’s hope….’ (to express hope) ‘let’s suppose / say…’ ( to suggest hypothetical situations)

Let’s say – for argument’s sake –that two and two make five.To let (to say that a house, flat etc is available for rent

LikeLike (verb) frequently occurs after these adverbs:Really like/ quite likeBefore the adverbsLike best/ very much/ at allLike (preposition) is often preceded by words like,Feel likeTastes likeSounds like

Looks likeSmells likeQuite likeRather likeJust likeA lot like21‘would you like…?’ (to invite or offer someone something)‘how do/did you like ….?’ (to ask people their opinions or preferences)

‘if you like’ (for making offers or suggestions) ‘what I (don’t) like about…’ (for stating opinions)

‘I (don’t) like it when …. / I (don’t) like the way….’ (to talk about the thingspeople do, or things that happen, that you enjoy)

‘what’s (….) like? (to ask for an opinion or description of someone or something)‘like I said’ (to refer back to something you have already said)‘like this / like so’ (to show someone how to do something)

LittleLittle hopeLittle chanceLittle changeLittle reasonLittle effectLittle useLittle pointLittle importanceLittle newsLittle evidenceLittle value

A little while later A little bit

A tiny little boy/ a pretty little girl/ a nice little thing/ a sweet little girl/A lovely little baby/ a poor little boy

‘Just a little’ (to respond to an offer of a quantity of something)

as little as possible = the absolute minimumlittle by little = gradually



little or no (….) / little or nothing = hardly any(thing)

22LongBe longLook long

Seem longLong timeLong wayLong distanceLong dayLong hairLong lifeReally long/ a bit long/ fairly long/ rather long/ too long‘long time no see’ (a humorous way of greeting someone after a long time)

‘it’s a long story…’ (to introduce a complicated narrative)‘to cut a long story short…’ (to get to the point of a narrative)

long ago= a long time in the pastat long last ( to express relief after waiting a long time)before long = soonall day/ week/ year etc. long = whole day/week/yearno longer…./ not any longer (to talk about something that happened in the past

but does not happen nowbe long= take a long time to get readyin the long run = not now, but sometime in the futureas long as / so long as … = on condition that

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LookAdverbs that often go with look ( meaning ‘direct your eyes)Look carefullyLook closelyLook intentlyLook longinglyLook certainLook confidentLook hurtLook decentLook lostLook likely

Look unlikelyIf you look after somebody, you take care of themIf you look around a place, you walk and look at what there is in the placeIf you look forward to (doing) sth, you are excited about sth in the futureIf you look into something, you investigate itIf you look out for something, you pay attention, either to avoid sth badhappening, or in order to notice somethingIf a situation looks up it improvesIf you look up something, or look sth up, you search for particular informationIf you look someone up, you visit them when you are in the place where they

live

If you look up to someone, you respect them. ‘look …’ ( to draw attention to what you are going to say



‘I’m just looking‘look out’ = be careful !what does/do (….) look like?’ ( to ask about the appearance of someone or sth)

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MayMay well … India may well win the match.May possibly.. Australia may possibly win the world cupMay easily… It may not easily win the cup‘may as well’ (to suggest doing sth, because there is no better alternative)‘may I suggest / may I just say…’ (to introduce a remark or a suggestion, politelymay ….but (to say that, although sth is true, something else is also true.

She may be the boss, but she can’t do all that she wants to

MeanReally meanSimply mean

Always meanMeans somethingMeans absolutely nothing‘I mean… ‘ (to add a comment, explain, correct yourself, or fill a pause)

‘I mean it’ = I am serious, I’m not joking‘ you mean….?’ (to check if you have understood or interpreted correctly‘(do you) know what I mean?’ (to check that your listener has understood‘what do you mean…? ( to express surprise)‘I see what you mean’ (to say that you now understand)‘I didn’t mean to’ (to make an excuse for something you did)25

MoreSome moreAny moreNo moreMany moreMuch moreA few moreSeveral moreA bit moreA lot moreLots more

One moreTwo moreMore and more…= increasing numbers or an increasing amount of More or less = almostMore than likely = very likely(and) what’s more …. = moreover

MostMost + adjective

Most likelyMost importantMost beautiful

Most popularMost famous



Most successfulMost commonMost effectiveMost significantMost suitable

Most useful26Most + adjective + everMost handsome man everMost beautiful woman so farThe latest information available

At (the) most = most commonMost of all (to emphasize most)Most of the time = nearly all the timeMake the most of … = get the maximum out of

It is only a short holiday, make most of it.

MuchMuch chanceMuch differenceMuch difficultyMuch fun/ much hopeMuch money/ much space/ much time‘how much does it cost?/ How much is it?’ (to ask about the price)much the same as …= almost the same asmuch too much = an excessive amount of not much/ nothing much (to show that sth is not very interesting or important)thanks so / very much (to emphasize your gratitude)

so much for … ( to show you have finished talking about a topic)27

Needneed to knowneed to beneed to doneed to haveneed to makeneed to getbadly needneed a hand =require helpbe in need of =requireif need be = if necessary

NoNo needNo doubtNo wayNo reasonNo matterNo meansNo idea

No timeNo evidence



No good … / no use… / no point… (to say that sth is a waste of time or effortNo end = a lot

Yes and no (to answer two ways to the same question)In no time = very quicklyNo wonder … (to say that sth is not surprising)

28NotCertainly notMay be notProbably notPerhaps notOf course notStill notNot necessarilyNot evenNot really

Not yetNot exactlyNot fullyNot merelyNot possiblyNot quiteVerbs frequently followed by ‘not’ Bother, worry, realize, afford, know, want, seem, deserve, blame, forget,belong,remember, thinkNot at all (adjective) ( to emphasize a negative statement)

Not at all (to reply politely when someone thanks you)Or not (to show a negative possibilityIf not… (to make a conditional statement by referring to what has just been saidNot only…. (but) also/ too (to say that something else is also true)

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NowJust nowRight nowNot nowI can’t come right now/ just now= at this moment.I saw your neighbour just now = a moment agoBefore nowUp to now – up to now the weather has been great.Until now- until now, I’d never eaten non-vegetarian food.By now- she should be home by now.For now- that is enough for now.

Any minute/ day/ time now = very soonNow and then / now and again = occasionallyFrom now on … (to announce a change starting from now)now what? (to express frustration at some new developments)

Of

Many nouns are typically followed by of Sort of /Kind of



Lack of / Shortage of Advantage of/ Disadvantage of Front of / Back of / Top of A lot of / Lots of / A bit of The following nouns are often followed by ‘of + ing’

The way of verb +ingThe way of doingThe chance of ….The idea of ….The cost of…30The intention of …The hope of …The means of …The task of …The danger of…

The possibility of …The effect of …The problem of ….The risk of …The point of…..The following adjectives are commonly followed by of Fond of Proud of Afraid of Sick of Tired of

Bored of Certain of Sure of Aware of Brave of Clever of Kind of Stupid of Rude of Sweet of Thoughtful of Guilty of Innocent of Of course (not) (to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ strongly, and to give, or refuse permission31

OnHand sth onPut sth onPass sth onSwitch sth onTurn sth onTake sth on

Try sth onMany nouns follow on



On board, on footOn disk, on line, on the phoneOn TV, on the radioOn business,on duty,

on call,on holiday, on strike,On time, on track, on the wayOn purposeOn sale, on ice, on tapOn a dietOn and on (and on) = continuing for a long time‘what’s going on?’ (to ask about what is happening)‘what’s on (at …) (to ask about films, plays etc.have a lot on / have nothing on = be very busy/ have nothing plannedstraight on = continuing in the same direction

32OneThis oneThat oneThe other oneWhich oneOne by one / one after another= first one then the otherOne another = each otherOne morning/ one evening/ one day = a particular morning/evening/day

All in one (to refer to sth that has several functions)One or two… (to refer to a small number of people or things

OrKnow whether …orDecide….See….Wonder….Don’t mind ….Don’t care …Say ….Remember ….‘or so’ = approximately

It takes an hour or so A (….) or two / one or two / two or three etc (to express an approximate

quantity)‘or something/ or anything’ (to say vaguely that you mean another thing of thesame type)‘or not?’ (to make a yes/no question more emphaticor else… = otherwiseor rather… (to correct or explain what you have said)33

Othereach other

any othersome other



no othermany otherother one/onesother peopleother things

other side just anotheryet anotherother than = apart from, except forthe other day/ afternoon etc (to talk vaguely about some time in the past)every other day/ week etc = every second day/weeksomeone or other / something or other ( to talk vaguely about a person, thingetc)on the other hand (to give a contrasting point of view)in other words (to say something in another way, usually more simply)

Own Very own: At last we have a car of our very own.Be + jointly/ partly/ wholly/ privately/ publicly + ownedIf you own up to something, you confess that you did it.Through no fault of my/his own (to say that someone is not responsible for amistake)As if he/they etc. own/owns/owned the place (to say that someone behaves overconfidently)For your / her etc own good = for personal benefit

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PlacePlace combines with a number of verbsIf something takes place, it happens.If you take your place, for example at a table, you go to the place chosen for

youIf you get a place on a team, or at a university, you become a member, student.If you lose your place, for example, in a book, you don’t know where you

finished.If someone saves or keeps a place for you, they guard until you arrive.Good place/ best place/ safe place/ right place/ wrong place/ nice place/ busyplace/ quiet place/ meeting place/ hiding place/ market placePlace an orderPlace an advertisementWell placedIdeally placedUniquely placedConveniently placedIn place = ready, or in the correct placeIn the first place (to talk about the beginning of a situation, especially to criticizeit)

All over the place = in many different places, in a state of disorder

In his/her etc place / in place of ……= instead of (if I was/were) in your place… (to give some one advice)

it’s not my place to … (to say that something is not appropriate for youout of place = inappropriate or uncomfortable



no place for/ to …= not an appropriate placehow are you placed? (to ask if someone is available for a meeting)35

PutPut pressure

Put strainPut stress on someonePut somebody in a difficult/ awkward/ embarrassing situationPut a case (for something)/ a point of view/ suggestions

Put an argument/ an idea etc. clearly/well/in writingPut something into practice/ action/ operation/ effect

Put somebody out of work/ a job/ businessPut somebody into a good / bad moodPut something right / straight;

Put combines with many particles to form phrasal verbsIf you put something back , you return it where it was, or you postpone it

If you put something off , you postpone itIf you put someone off something, you do something to discourage themIf you put out a fire, you extinguish it.If you put someone through, by phone, you connect themIf you put something up, or down, in or out, you put it in that directionIf you put something together, you reassemble itIf you put someone up, you accommodate them.If you put up with something, you tolerate itPut yourself in my place / position ( to appeal for sympathy, understanding)To put it bluntly (to warn someone you are going to speak honestlyTo put it another way (to make something easier to understand)

How can I put it?… (to prepare a listener for something that may soundunpleasantPut simply (to say that you are going to give just the basic facts about sth…. Put together = all includedput yourself out = inconvenience yourself

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SaySay aloud/ Say out aloudSay at last/ Say finallySay again/ Say repeatedlySay angrily/ Say cheerfully/ Say vaguelyBe about to say/ Be going to sayWant to say/ Hate to say/ Be fair to say

‘Let’s say…’ = for examplehaving said that… / that said… = despite thatthat’s not to say… ( to add sth that corrects or qualifies what you have just said)

‘don’t say ….’ ( to show surprise)

SeeCan see/ could see/ be able seeBe surprised to see/ be amazed to see/ be glad to see/ be pleased to seeBe relieved to see

Hardly see/ clearly see/ dimly seeIf you see someone off , you accompany them to their point of departure



If you see through something, you are not deceived by itIf you see something through, you continue doing it until it is finishedIf you see to something, you deal with it.

If you have something seen to, you get someone to deal with it.‘I see’ = I understand

‘ you see’ ( to say that you are explaining something)’see you (later)/ I’ll be seeing you’ (to say good bye, informally)

’as I see it’ = in my opinion ‘let me see/ let’s see (to show you are thinking about, or trying to remember)‘we’ll see’ (to say that you will decided later)‘ you’ll see’ (to tell someone that they will find out that you are right

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SeemSeem odd/ Seem strangeSeem pleased/ Seem surprisedSeem possible/ Seem impossible

Seem certain/ Seem likelySeem clear/ Seem reasonableSeem to be/ Seem to knowSeem to do/ Seem to haveSeem to makeSeem to getIt seems ages since…. (to emphasize the time since something happened)So it seems = it appears to be the case/ people say soI can’t seem to…. (to say that you can’t manage to do sth

ShouldShould be able/ Should be possibleShould be grateful/ Should be clearShould be encourage/ Should be consideredShould be avoided/ Should be treatedI should think/ hope so (to strongly agree with something)

You shouldn’t have! (to show surprise when someone has given you a present You should have seen… (to emphasize how surprising or funny something was

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SoSo long/ So angry/ So bad/ So pleased/ So easySo beautiful/ So worried/ So glad

So far/ So much/ So badlySo quickly/ So long/ So frequentlyEven so … = despite thatIf so … ( to make a conditional statement by referring to what has just been said… or so (to be vague about an amount or quantity)…and so on, and so forth = et cetera… like so (to demonstrate something, with a gesture or action)

SomeSome information/ advice/ accommodation/ evidence/ experience/ help/knowledgeSome news/ some progress/ some research/ some success/ some work

‘some kind of … ‘some (…..) or other’ (to talk about sth vaguely)



some more = an extra amount of somethingsome time = a fairly long period of time

SortBest sort/ worst sort/ right sort/ wrong sort/ funny sort/ odd sort/ strange sortIf you sort something out, you organize it

If a problem sorts itself out, it stops being a problem without anyone having totakeaction39Of sorts = not a physical or good example of a thing… (and) that sort of thing = and more things or that general typeout of sorts (an informal way of saying you are ill)it takes all sorts… (to say that someone is behaving unusually, but that thisbecause people are different

Start

Start a new career/ Start a new life/ Start the day/ Start the engineStart the process/ Start the season/ Start the weekStart the things/ Start workIf something starts off , it begins, or it begins to movingIf something starts out, it begins as one thing and change into something elseIf you start out on a journey, you begin itIf you start something up, like an engine, you cause it to workIf you start up a business, you bring it into existence

Good start/ bad start/ early start/ fresh start/ shaky startFor a start/ to start with…. (for introducing a list of reasons or instructionsFrom start to finish = from the beginning to the end(right) from the start = from the beginning to the endget started = start now what was plannedgive somebody /have a head start ( to talk about giving somebody an

advantage)

StopStop abruptly/ stop immediately/ stop suddenlyIf you stop by, you visit someone briefly.If you stop off , or stop over at a place when you are traveling somewhere, you

break your journey there)If you put a stop to something, you prevent something from happening40

TakeTake the bus/ Take the train/ Take a taxi/ Take the metroTake food/ Take medicine/ Take milk/ coffee/ take sugar/Take drugs/ Take a pillDaily routine: take a shower

take a naptake a breaktake a walkTake an examtake a testControl: take control

take the leadtake power



take responsibilitytake officeTake placetake parttake pity

Take offenceTake adviceIf you take after someone, you resemble them in some wayIf you take something away, you remove it to another place.If you take an amount away from another amount you subtract itIf you take back sth you bought, you return it to the shopIf you take back sth you said, you admit you were wrongIf you are taken in by something, you are tricked by it.If you take on a job or an assignment, you agree to do it.If you take someone out, you take them to be entertained.If you take something over, you become responsible for it, or in control of it.

If you take to something or someone, you start to like it or you enjoy itIf you take up an activity or an offer, you start doing it

41If something takes up your time, it consumes your timeTake (….) for example…(to give an example of what you have been talking

about)‘I take your point’ = I see what you mean (although I may not agree to your

point) ‘take it from me/ take my word for it’ (to persuade someone that what you are

saying is true.

TellTell the truthTell a lie/ tell a story/ tell a joke/ tell the time/ tell the differenceCan’t tell/ couldn’t tell/ be not able to tellI tell you/ I’m telling you’ (to emphasize that what you are saying is the truth)

‘to tell (you) the truth (to indicate what you really think or feel)don’t tell me.. (to show surprise)‘ you are telling me!’ (to say that you strongly agree)I’ll tell you what … /I tell you what (to introduce a suggestion)Time will tell (to say that the outcome will be clear later)

Than….than usual…than normal…than average…than expected…than predictedthan everthan beforethan thenthan nowmore often than not = usuallybetter late than never (to excuse the lateness of something or somebody)42

That



Verb +that clauseBelieve thatSee thatFeel thatFind that

Guess thatKnow thatSay thatSee thatShow thatthink that

Verb + Np + that clause

Inform somebody that ….Persuade somebody that ….Promise somebody that ….Remind somebody that …

show somebody that …teach somebody that …tell somebody that …bet somebody that …advise somebody that …inform somebody that …Warn somebody that …43Is/was etc + adjective + that clauseSurecertain

confidentpositiveright (to express feelings)afraidamazedDisappointedgladpleasedproudsorrysurprisedworriedNp + that clause

Fact/ idea/ hope/ possibility/ doubt/ impression/ suggestion/ belief/ sign/conclusionThat’s right (to say that you agree or understand)That’s all right/ that’s ok = it doesn’t matterThat is / that it to say (to explain something more clearly or to correct yourself)That’s that (to say that you have finally finished or decided something)

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ThenJust then

By thenFrom then on…



Since then..Until then…In conversation, as discourse markersOk then,Right then

Well thenNow thenThen and there / there and thenBut then/ but then again(to show that what you said is not surprisingNow and then = occasionallyFrom then on (to say that something started at a point in time and continued)

ThereThere are + numbers/ amounts/ quantities etc.

There are lots ..There are a fewThere are hundreds ….

There are some….There are two ..There are many…There is/ are +impersonal pronounThere is noThere is nothingThere is someoneIs there anything45Is there anyone..… in there

…over there…up there…down there…under there…back therehi there… / hello there… (for informal greetings)is (….) there? (to ask for someone, when telephoningthere you are… (for giving something to someone, such as money or goods)

ThingGood/ best thingBad/ worst thingNice thingHorrible thingFunny thingStrange thingStupid thingMain thingImportant thingHard thingLast thingVerbs that frequently precede thingsThink over…Discuss the thingsSort out thingsSpeed up things



46Strange things happenThings occurThings go onNot a thing= not any thing

The thing is (for introducing an explanation)For one thing (to introduce one of several possible reasons)…and things (for talking vaguely about a category)… and that sort of thing = etc (for expanding a category)

just the thing (for recommending)

ThinkThink carefullyThink honestlyThink long and hardPersonally I thinkThink really

I dread to thinkI hate to thinkIf you think back to something, you think about sth that happened in the pastIf you think something over, you consider carefully.If you think something through, you think about it in thorough way.If you think something up, you invent it.I think so/ I don’t think so (to answer yes, no, but less forcefullyI should think/ I would think (to say that you think sth may be true)Who would have thought…? (to express surprise)

‘ just think …’ (to emphasize your excitement or surprise)

‘I was thinking…’ (to indicate an idea, or suggestion)

‘ wasn’t thinking’ (to apologize)47‘Think twice’ (to think carefully before doing something)TimeHave timeMake timeFind timePass the timeSpend time (doing)Take timeSave time

Waste timeHave + a/an + adjective +timeEnjoyable timeFun timeGrand timeGreat timeMarvelous timePleasant timeSplendid timeWonderful timeAwful time

Dreadful timeMiserable time



Sad timeTerrible time

About time (to show you are annoyed because someone or something is late At the same time (to say that two things are true, even if they seem different)It’s high time… ( to say that something should happen now)

In no time = very quickly, or very soon48From time to time = occasionallyTime and (time) again/ time after time = repeatedlyOnce upon a time.. (to begin a fairy story)

To Verb + to + infinitiveLike to …Begin to…Attempt to…Fail to …

Continue to …Agree to …Time to …Thing to …Way to …Place to ….Stuff to ….A lot to….In order to / so as (not) to (to express purpose)To be honest/ to tell you the truth etc (to comment on what you are saying)(…) enough to (+infinitive) …(to say that sth is sufficient in order to something)

too (…) to (+ infinitive) … (to say that a limit has been exceeded to, so it’simpossible to do something)49face to face (to say how two people are positioned)

back to backcheek to cheekten to one/ a hundred to one(to say what the chances are of something

happening)to and fro= from one place to another and back againTooToo early

Too easyToo hardToo earlyToo littleToo longToo lowToo smallA bit too…Much too …

‘Too bad’ (to say that you are sorry about a situation)‘me, too’ (to include yourself in what has just been said)

(all/only) too true (to say that sth is true when you wish it was not)too good to be true( to show your doubts, about a surprisingly good situation)



too clever by half (to show you don’t like the way someone or something is

tryingto appear intelligent50Up

Get upGo upLet upMeet upPay upPop upSpeak upStay upBring upCall upCut up

Eat upFill upFix upHold upLift upPut upSend upTake upTie upUse upSlow down, I can’t keep up

They sang hymns to keep their spirits upWe weren’t expecting Uncle Ted come but he just turned up.Can you turn the TV up? I can’t hear it.

Add upGive upKeep upLook upTurn up51Put up with = tolerateCome up with = deviseKeep up with = maintain the same pace or standard withRun up against = encounter a problem‘what’s up’ (for asking about news, or find out what’s wrong)up and down = into the air and back to the groundup and running = working effectively

‘it’s up to you’ = it’s your decision or responsibilityup to… (for stating the limit)

VeryVery niceVery difficultVery goodVery importantVery differentVery hard



Very likelyVery much indeedVery well indeedVery little indeedVery few indeed

Very often indeed ‘very well, thanks’ (to respond to the greeting ‘how are you?’)

‘thank you very much’ (to thank someone politely)not very (to say that sth has the opposite quality, often to be polite, or lessforcefulcan’t / couldn’t very well (to say that it is not right or possible to do sth)‘ Very much so’ (to agree or say ‘yes’ emphatically)(…) very own (to emphasize that sth belongs to somebody and to nobody elsethe very same = exactly the same

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WantJust wantAlways wantNever wantReally wantWant to beWant to doWant to getWant to goWant to knowWant to sayWant to see

Want to talk‘do you want…?’ (to offer something to somebody)‘did you want…?(to ask what someone wants, politely‘who wants…? (to offer something to a group)‘if you want’ (to make an offer)‘what I really want is …’ (to make explicit what you want‘I just wanted to say…’ (to announce politely, an announcementfor want of (…) = because of lack of something

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