radicals, 37, 74-78, 328; Vietnamese control over, 62, 71 , 223; Vietnam War and, 4-5, 38; war with Vietnam, see CamlxxliaVietnam War; Woodcock mission and, 147- 48; see also Camlxxlia; Pol Pot

Khmer Rumdo, 66, 72 Khmer Serei, 380 Khrushchev, Nikita , 174, 176 Kiernan, Ben, 251-52 Kieu Ming, 207, 208 Killing fields, 254 Kim II Sung, 42, 229-30, 386 Kissinger, Henry, 4, 40, 68, 130, 131,

157, 223, 265 on bombing Camlxxlia, 69;

normalization of relations with China and, 143-44, 273, 275; Paracel Islands and, 20-21

Koh , Tommy, 388, 389 Koh Krachak Ses Island (Poulo Panjang),

13 Koh Tang Island, 9-10 Koh Trallsland (Phu Quoc), 13, 33, 56 Kompong Som, 10, 12, 13 Korean War, 356, 357 Kosygin, Aleksey, 187 Kriangsak Chomanan, 261, 293, 319, 381

Deng and, 325-26; Sino-Thai alliance and, 348-49

Kukrit Pramoj, 178 Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar, 389

Lansdale, Edward, 3 Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party, 314 Laos, 48,116, 117,155,173,186,216,

380 Camlxxlia-Vietnam War and, 204-206,

326, 342; defectors from, 379, 380; end of the First Indochina War and, 58; Indochina Federation and, see Indochina Federation; Indochinese alliance and, see Indochinese alliance; Nam Tien and, 57; "special relationship" with Vietnam, 30-32, 85-86, 122-23; "treaty of friendship with Vietnam, 94-96, 109- 10, 188; Vietnam War and, 121-22, 127-28

China and, 130

Index

Le Duan, 14, 15,29, 31, 67,88,380 Camlxxlia-Vietnam War and, 215; on

Chinese threat, 238; Moscow trips of, 28, 180, 182, 190, 291; Peking trips of, 25- 28, 134, 201-202; Soviet-Vietnam treaty and, 321-22

Le Duc Anh, General, 342, 373, 374 Le Duc Tho, 4, 73, 188, 223, 265

Camlxxlia-Vietnam War and, 215, 217, 224, 255, 339, 340

Lee Kuan Yew, 325 anti-Vietnamese Khmer coalition and,

383, 384-85 International Conference on

Kampuchea and, 387-89 Le Hoan, 112 Le Loi , 113, 114, 115,244 Lenin, 172 Lenox Hill Hospital, 367-68 Le Quang Chan, 234 Le Thanh Nghi, 149

Chinese aid and, 17, 25, 27-28; Soviet aid and, 184, 189

Le Van Duyet, 409 Liao Chengzhi, 240-41, 242 Uberation Army Daily, 359 Limqueco, Peter, 180 Ling Dequan, 19 Lin Qing, 388 Liu Shaoqi, 63, 76, 129 Li Xiannian, 90, 399

Pham Van Dong and, 93- 94, 239 Lompar, Mihailo, 315-16 Long Bien Bridge, 137-38 Lon Nol , 5, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48, 121

rebellion against, 66-69, 106, 107, 218, 249, 250, 341, 342; rise to power of,64-66

Lyne, Steve, 282-83 Ly Thai Tong, 116 Ly Thuong Kiet , 201

Mac Cu, 235-36 Mai Van Bo, 21 Malacca, 124 Malaysia, 36, 90, 101, 195, 335, 379

attempts at conciliation with Vietnam, 392-93; Dengs visit to, 324-25; Dongs visit to, 318- 20; see also Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

469

INDEX

Malo, Charles, 171 Manac'h , Etienne, 131 Mansfield, Senator Mike, 137-42 Mao Zedong, 22, 25, 27, 119, 203, 260,

408 Cholon district and, 232, 239; death of,

II , 37, 75-77, 82, 87-89, 98, 170, 201, 276; inevitability of war against imperialists , 259, 273; Pol Pot and, 16-17, 18,78,79, 81, 130, 249; Sihanouk and, 42-43, 65, 103-104; Vietnamese hegemony and, 132, 133, 178

Marchais , Georges, 182 Marcos, Ferdinand, 389 Marxism, see Communism Mather, Colonel Paul , 142, 155 Mat Ly, 253 Mayaguez episode, 9-10

responsibility for, 13 Men Chhan, 253 Mendes-France, Pierre, 131 MIA (missing in action)-normalization-

reparations issues, 139-57 bank loans and, 151, 155, 157; Carter

and, see Carter, jimmy; countering Soviet influence and, 150-51, 157; economics and, 149, 150; Ford and, 143-46; Kissinger on , 143-44; Marxist view of U.S. and, 149; Montgomery report on , 146; mutual misinterpretations and, 148- 50; Nixon 's secret promises of aid and , 143, 149-50, 152, 153, 157

Congressional renouncement of, 155 Paris conference and , 151-57

anti-Vietnamese mood of Congress and, 152-55, 157; failure of, 154-5 5, 267; first round of, 15i-53; MIAs and, 154; moral victory of Vietnam and, 152; omens for success, 151; Phase A and Phase B arrangements , 156; second round of, 153-54; spy scandal and , 154, 155-56,267-69; third round of, 156

trade embargo and, 141, 150, 151 , 156; Vietnamese moderation and, 147, 148; Vietnamese response to failure to resolve, 157-60; Woodcock

470

mission and , see Woodcock, Leonard; see also Yankee come home!, normalization of relations with Vietnam

Mingdynasty, 109, III , 112-13, 115, 116, 124, 235

Minh Mang, Emperor, 51-52, 53 , 117 Missoffe, Francqis, 133 Mobil Oil Company, 145 Mondale , Walter, 351, 384 Mongols, 109, III , 114, 124 Monique, Princess, 40, 42-43, 45, 71,

303 house arrest of, 226-29, 300-301;

Sihanouk's defection and , 364-68 Monireth, Prince, 44 Montagnards, 342 Montgomery, Congressman Sonny, 137,

140,271 report on MIAs, 146

"Mr. Duc, " 218 Murtha, Congressman john P. , 271 Mus, Paul, 126 Muskie, Edmund, 382 My Duc commune, 223-24

Nam Tien (the Vietnamese march toward the south), 49-57

Champa and , 49, 51; Communism and, 54, 57; France and, 54-57; hi~torical perspective on, 49-53; Khmer misrule and , 51 ; racial hatreds and, 51-54, 57,68, 96; territorial absorption of Cambodia, 51-57; Thai threat and , 51, 54; uprisings against, 52, 53; Vinh Te Canal and, 52

Nam Viet, 110 Nansha Islands, 19 Nan-Yueh, 110 Napoleon III, Emperor, 56 Narindrapong, Prince, 226 Nasser, Gamal Abdel , 128 Nation Review, 293 National United Front of Cambodia, 340 Nay Sarang, 82 Negroponte, john, 389 Nerciat, Charles-Antoine de, 16 Newsweek , 284 New York Times, The , 14, 144, 334-35,

389

New Zealand, 286 Ngo Dien, 23 , 24 , 182 Ngo Dinh Diem, 237 Ngo Quyen, III Nguyen Co Thach, 215 , 299, 375

Vietnamese normalization talks and, 263-67, 282-94 , 320, 321

Nguyen Duy Trinh , 139, 205-206, 266 Nguyen dynasty , 53,109-10,117,118,

122, 380 Chinese residents of Vietnam and, 235,

236 Nguyen Hue, 113-14, 115-16, 409 Nguyen Huu Tho, 130 Nguyen Thi Cu, 67-68, 220 Nguyen Thuong, 71 Nguyen Trai, 115 Nguyen Tri Phuong, 117, 122 Nguyen Trong Vinh, 30, 88 Nguyen Van Hoan, 224 Nguyen Van Linh, 14, 15 Nguyen Van Thieu, 2-3, 20, 21 , 132,

187 Nguyen Van Tot , 13 Nhan Dan , 24, 34, 142-43, 234 Nha Trang, 189, 190 Nixon, Richard, 137, 176

secret promise of aid to Vietnam, 143, 149-50,152, 153, ISS, 157; trip to China, 20, 22, 131 , 134, 238, 273; Watergate, 157

Nixon Doctrine, 132 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 376-77 Normalization of relations issue, see MIA

(missing in action)-normalization-reparations issues ; Yankee come home!

Norodom Ranaridh, Prince , 335-36 Norodom Sihanouk, Prince, 31-32, 262,

297-304 anti -Americanism of, 60, 61 ; anti-

Vietnamese Khmer coalition and: agreement on , 389-92; Coalition

Government of Democratic Kampuchea and, 391, 394- 96; International Conference on Kampuchea and, 385, 389; Khmer 'Rouge and, 385-86; limited options and, 385; relations with China and, 383-84, 391; retiring from politics, 384; Son Sann and, 383,

Index

384 , 390, 391 ; Thailand and, 390 Caldwell murder and , 300; Cambodia-

Vietnam War and , 229-30, 297-304 , 316, 335-36, 343; China and, 109, 348, 364

defection and, 366-70; exile in , 38-43, 70, 369

Communists and, 63- 65; defection of, 363-70

China and, 366-70; Deng and, 368-69, 383; France and, 368; Secret Service and, 363, 365; U. S. and, 366-68; Vietnam and, 368; Young and, 365-67

First Indochina War and, 58-59; house arrest of, 107, 210, 226-30, 297-302; Khmer Rouge and, 38-45 , 61 , 63 , 70-72, 103-107, 297-304, 335-36, 348, 363-70

Sary and, 39,44,70-71 , 104, lOS, 227, 299, 302, 303, 316, 335 , 365

Kim II Sung and, 42, 229-30, 386; Mao and Zhou and, 40, 42- 43 , 63 , 65-66, 69-70, 103-104, lOS , 226-27 ; overthrow of, 62-66, 70, 121 , 130; Pol Pot and, 302-303, 344, 364; popularity of, 60, 66, 71 , 228, 298-99, 364; resignation of, 106-107; return to favor of, 299; return to Phnom Penh , 43-45, 70-72, 103-107; rule of, 41 - 42; selection of, by France, 40-41; as U.N. representative from Cambodia, 363-66

appointment, 302-303; Cambodia "holocaust" and, 364; on 'Pol Pot , 364; Security Council speech, 364

Vietnamese and, 54 , 56, 60-65, 297- 98 final solution to problem of, 298;

hegemony of, 130, 131 ; kidnap attempt, 299, 301, 336, 343; territorial disputes , 13, 33, 298

Vietnam War and, 61-64, 129 North Korea, 42, 229, 386, 392 North Vietnamese Army (NVA), 72 Norway, 158, 181 Novak, Robert, 295 Nuon Chea, 14, IS, 83, 211

Oakley, Robert, 268, 282, 290, 292 Oberg, Jean-Christophe, 39

471

INDEX

Ohira. Masayoshi. 379 Oil . offshore. 20. 21 . 33. 143. 144-45.

150. 397 Oksenberg. Michel. 259. 292. 294. 296

Chinese normalization and. 276. 277. 288. 329; Vietnamese normalization and. 264-66. 284 . 285

ONeill. Tip. 353 Operation Eagle Pull . 40 Operation Frequent Wind. 3. 22 Ouch Bun Chhoeun . 253

P-36. 62- 63 Pakistan. 90. 257. 281 Panama Canal treaty. 155 Panyu Province. 110 Paracel Islands. II. 19-21 . 28. 29-30.

88. 91. 93. 134-35. 186-87 Paringaux. Roland-Pierre. 219 Paris Peace Agreement. 4. 21 . 39-40. 48.

68. 70. 72. 192. 219 China and. 131 . 133; war reparations

and. 139. 141. 143. 144 Pathet Lao. 117. 121 . 127. 130. 186.204 Pavlovskiy. General Grigoriyevich. 216 Peacock. Andrew. 270. 286 Peking Review. 27 Penn Nouth. 226. 299 Pen Sovan . 217. 255. 373 People's Daily. 23.31.240-41 . 258 People's Liberation Army (PLA) (China).

323. 324. 356. 361-62 People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK).

372- 81 A-40. A-50. and B-68 and. 373;

472

ASEAN reaction to. see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). anti-Vietnamese Khmer coalition and; Chinese desire to keep Vietnam in. 378-79; conciliation attempts with. 392-93; constitution of. 372; demographics of. 375; early days of. see Cambodia-Vietnam War. aftermath of; Indochinese alliance and. see Indochinese alliance; Khmer Rouge and. see Khmer Rouge. in post-Cambodia-Vietnam War era; KPRP and. 373; military forces . 373. 374;

national elections. 372-73; Pol Pot and. 372. 373. 377-78; recognition of. 376-78

Non-Aligned Movement. 376-77; United Nations. 377-78

return of Vietnamese residents to . . 375-76; Thai fears and. 369-70. 379-82. 402. 403. 404 ; time factor and. 404-405; Vietnamese hold over. 372. 373-74

People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea. 371

People's war. 22-23. 119. 215 Pham Binh. 290 Pham Hung. 15. 66. 68 Pham Van Ba. 32. 58. 83 . 84

Sihanouk and. 104-105 Pham Van Cuong. 219 Pham Van Dong. 25 . 85 . 91 . 127. 132.

182 Li Xiannian and. 93-94. 239;

normalized relations with the U.S. and. 141 . 143. 151. 152. 153. 159. 271 . 272; in Phnom Penh. 356. 361 ; reconciliation with Soviets. 187-89. 291.321 - 22.397; Sihanouk and. 66. 70. 84. 130. 297-98. 385; snub of Soviets. 170-71 . 187; trip to France. 158. 187; visit to ASEAN nations. 318-20. 324-25

Phan Hien. 32. 33-34. 97 ASEAN and. 36. 90. 184. 318; desire

for normalization. 269-72; Paris conference and. 152-57. 188; in Peking. 199-200; Woodcock and. 137. 139-42

Philippines. 35. 36 Phnom Penh:

fall of : in Cambodia-Vietnam War. see

Cambodia-Vietnam War. fall of Phnom Penh; in Vietnam War. 4-5. 12. 38. 73 . 298

forced evacuation of. 15. 16-17. 43-44. 206. 370-71; looting of. by Vietnamese. 370-71 ; Sihanouk's return to. 43-45. 70-72. 103-107

under house arrest. 107. 210. 226-30. 297-302

Phuong Nam. Major. 193-94

Phu Quoc Island (Koh Tral) , 13, 33, 56 Picq , Laurence, 327 Pierre, Eric , 37 Pike, Douglas, 282 Pillsbury, Michael , 259 Poland, 185 Pol Pot , 5, 12, 31 , 49, 76, 348

anti -Vietnamese attitude of, 13- 14, 47, 52, 54, 56, 67-73, 80-86, 204-205

attacks based on, 67-73, 86-87 , 96-97, 100-102, 249-55; final solution for, 86, 251 , 298; Lao-Vietnamese treaty and, 95-96; war and , see Cambodia-Vietnam War

anti-Vietnamese Khmer coalition and, 384 , 394; assassination plots against, 67, 81 , 83 , 196; belief in Khmer Rouge, 96-97; Caldwell murder and, 300; coup attempt against , 196-97, 233 , 248; fall of Phnom Penh and , 344-45, 346; founding of the CPK and, 54, 81-82; interview with Vietnamese, 34; jOins KPRP, 58; Mao and, 16-17, 18,78,79, 81 , 130, 249; in Peking, 98-102, 108, 195, 199; purges of opponents of, 59, 72, 79-86, 96, 100-102, 195, 203, 218, 348, 409

Eastern Zone rebellion , 213-14, 247-55

radical policies of, 71-72, 75, 79-83 , 103-105, 204, 249, 327 , 364 , 407-408

Chinese opposition to, 77-80, 325-29, 348, 368-69

real name of, 58, 100, 302; rise to power in the Khmer Issarak, 59-62; "sick leave" of, 83, 99; Sihanouk and, 302-303, 344, 364

anti-Sihanouk struggle of, 62-63 , 71 Souphanouvong and, 204-206; U.S.

attitude toward , 286; see also Cambodia; Khmer Rouge

Porn, Madame, 45 Portugal , 179 Poulo Panjang Island, 13 Prem Tinsulanond, 384, 389 "Presidential Review Memor; t .lum 10 "

279 . . '

Prey Nokor, 51,96

Index

"Proletarian internationalism," 125, 127 Prom, 52 Puolo Wai Island, 9, 14, 15

Qiao Guanhua, 75 Qingdynasty, III, 113, 115, 125 Quan Doi Nhan Dan , 92, 93, 123 Quinn, Ken, 72, 83 , 142, 152, 282

Vietnamese spy scandal and, 154, 155-56

Quintin, George, 288

Radio Hanoi, 19, 29, 196, 212, 216 Radio Ho Chi Minh City, 29 Radio Moscow, 25 Radio Peking, 36 Radio Phnom Penh, 48, 76, 78, 83, 84,

96, 98, 99, 347 Sihanouk and, 228, 229-30, 297; on

the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, 207-208, 211, 228, 248, 298

Reagan, Ronald , 144, 388, 399, 401 Red Guards, 74-75, 238, 324 "Red Prince," 94 Reparations issue, see MIA (missing in

action)-normalization -reparation s issues

Reuters, 3 Richer, Philippe, 133 , 180 Roman Catholicism, 56, 114 Romania , 76 Romanov, Grigory, 212 Ros Saroeun, 86 Roy, Stapleton, 332-33 Royal Government of National Union of

Cambodia (GRUNK), 42, 48, 56, 104

Rozhdestvenski, Admiral Zinovi, 397-98 Rusk, Dean , 272 Russo-Japanese War , 125 "Rust Bucket Tours Inc. ," 247

Sadat, Anwar, 264 Saigon, 19n., 51

Cholon, see Cholon district of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon); fall of, 1-4, 22, 133, 177-79, 192, 341 , 345

Saigon Giai Phong, 19 Saloth Sar, see Pol Pot

473

INDEX

SALT (strategic arms limitation talks), 276, 277, 280, 329, 332

China-Vietnam War and, 352, 353, 355 Sam Neua, 117, 204 Sany, Anwar, 385 Sao Saroth, Madame, 226 Sariri Chhak, 54, 56, 299 Say Pak, Major, 338 Second Indochina War, see Vietnam War Second World War, 353 Seventh Fleet , U.S., 1,9-10, 21 Shell Oil Company, 145 Shultz, George, 401 Siam, 117, 124, 236

see also Thailand Sieu Heng, 59 Sieverts, Frank, 153, 270 Sihamoni, Prince, 226, 227, 228 Sihanouk, Norodom, see Norodom

Sihanouk, Prince Sim Kar, 253 Singapore, 36,90-91, 319, 379

Deng's visit to, 324, 325; see also Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Sinnathamby Rajaratnam , 90, 325 Sirik Matak, Prince, 64 Sitthi Sawetsila, 375, 390, 391, 395 Snepp, Frank, 64 So Kheang, 91, 208 Song dynasty , III , 112 Son Ngoc Minh, 59 Son of Heaven , 108, 115 Son Sann, 383, 384, 390, 391, 394, 395 ,

396 Son Sen , 18, 44,7 1, 84,213,252, 298

China and, 261-62; Khmer Issarak and, 59

So Phim, 248, 250-53 Souphanouvong, Prince (President), 94 ,

130 attempt to mediate the Cambodia-

Vietnam War, 204-206 South Africa, 335 South Korea , 335 South Vietnam Central Intelligence Office

(CIO), 143 South Vietnam National Liberation Front

(NLF), 30, 33, 61 , 72-73, 142, 237, 239

Chinese contact with, 132

474

South Vietnam Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG), 29, 35, 58

Chinese contact with , 132-33 Soviet Union, 6-7, 17,92,101 , 124, 125

Cambodia-Vietnam War and , 212, 320-22; China and, see China, Soviet Union and; China-Vietnam War and , 328 , 329, 351-56, 359-60; complexities of the summer of 1978 and, 256; detente, 37, 174, 176, 179, 180, 181. 273 , 275-76; hegemony of, 22-28, 258-59, 262, 278, 281 , 325, 359, 378, 400; PRK and, 376, 377; SALT and, 276, 277, 280; U.S . counter to, ISO-51 , 157, 259, 273-74,401; Vietnam and, see Vietnam , Soviet Union and

SpratIy Islands, II, 19-21 , 28 , 29-30, 36, 88, 91 , 93, 186- 87

Sri Lanka, 90 Stalin, Joseph, 172, 173 Sullivan, Roger , 367 Sumatra, 124 Sun Hao, 315 , 316, 349 Suong massacre, 248, 252, 253 Suong Sikoeun, 104 Suppiah Dhanabalan , 389 Suslov, Mikhail, 182, 185-86 Su Zhenhua, 328

Taiwan , 132, 239, 278, 335 U.S.-China relations and, 273-76,

279, 282 , 288 , 329-33, 350 Reagan and , 388, 399, 401

Taizong, Emperor , 111-12 Ta Mok, 213-14 , 254, 394 Tang, Nancy, 281, 330 Tang Saroem, 217 Tan Lap massacre , 220 Tan Son Nhut air base, 1-2,3, 177, 192

238 Cambodia-Vietnam War and, 219, 220,

222 Tan Sri Ghazali Shafie, 390-91 , 394 Tass, 182 Tatu , Franku 367-68 Tay Ninh massacres, 194- 95, 197-98,

220-21

Tay Son rebellion , 236 Tea Sabun, 253 Thailand, 18, 100, 101, 116, 121 , 186,

286 attempts to dominate Cambodia, 51 , 54,

109, 117, 369,380-81,409; Deng's visit to, 324- 26; fall of Phnom Penh and, 347; friendship treaty with Vietnam, 319; as "frontline state," 393; leak in Bangkok, 290, 292-96; refugees in , 83 , 195,227, 301 , 334-35, 392, 396; as Siam, 117, 124, 236; Sihanouk and, 390; Sino-Thai alliance, 35, 348-49, 380-82; travel to Cambodia and, 335; Vietnamese victory over Cambodia and , 369-70, 379-82, 402-405

see also Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in post-Cambodia-Vietnam War years

Thang Loi Hotel , 169-71, 191 Thanh Tong, 116 Thioun Thioeunn, 105 Third Indochina War, see Cambodia-

Vietnam War Third World War, 353 Tho Chu Island (Poulo Panjang), 13 Thong Pak, 217-18 Time , 284 Tinh Bien massacre, 87, 91 - 92 Tito, Marshall, 316 Tou Samouth, 59 Tran Dinh Dzu, 156 Tran Hung Dao, 114, 244 Tran Quang Co, 282, 290 Tran Thanh Xuan, 34, 73 Tran Van Tra, General, 193-95 Tran Xuan Bach, 373 Treaty of Tientsin , 125 Trieu Da, 110 Truman , Harry, 173 Trung sisters, 114 Truong, David, 156, 267-69 Truong Chinh, 159, 190 Truong Nhu Tang, 132-33 Truong Sa Islands, 21 Tung Patievat, 80, 82 Tuol Sleng prison (S-21 ), 82, 84, 197,

251 , 253, 345 , 382 Turley, William, 120, 121

Uganda, 155 United Auto Workers Union , 137 United Front for the Struggle of

Index

Oppressed Races (FULRO), 97, 240

United Issarak Front, 340 United Nations, 44, 75 , 151, 157,

263, 299, 335, 353 , 395 , 404

High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR), 215 ; International Conference on Kampuchea, 387-89; Sihanouk at , 302-303, 363-66; trying to unseat Democratic Kampuchea, 377- 78, 382-83, 392; U.S. veto of Vietnam's membership in , 84, 141 , 144, 152; Vietnamese ambassador to, 263, 268, 269

United Press International , 293 United States, 6- 7, 97 , 114

China and, see China, U.S. and; China-Vietnam War and, 329-33, 350-56, 359-60; as counter to Soviet Union , 150-51 , 157, 259, 273-74, 401; detente, 37, 174, 176, 179, 180, 181 , 273, 275-76; future role in Indochina, 410; International Conference on Kampuchea and, 388- 89; Mayaguez episode and, 9-10; National Security Council-State Department clash over Chinese-Vietnamese normalization , 264-65, 267, 275-82, 287-89, 329, 332, 351-52 , 359, 408 ; Reagan administration , 388, 399, 401-404 ; Sihanouk and, 40, 42, 60, 61, 63-64, 366-68, 390, 391 ; U.S. vote on Democratic Kampuchea, 377, 382; veto of Vietnam's membership in the U.N. , 84, 141 , 144, 152; Vietnam and, see MIA (missing in action)-normalization-reparations issues; Vietnam War; Yankee come home! , normalization of relations with Vietnam

United States Information Agency (USIA), 155, 156, 267 , 282

United States-Vietnam Joint Economic Commission, 149

475

INDEX

Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 356 Vance, Cyrus, 145, 155, 377

anti -Vietnamese mood of Congress and, 152-53; Chinese normalization and, 274-82, 288; conflict with Brzezinski, 264-65, 267, 275-82, 287-89, 329, 332, 351-52, 359, 382, 408; leak in Bangkok a~d, 294-96; Sihanouk's defection and, 365 , 366, 367; U.S. counter to Soviet influence and, 150-51 ; Vietnamese normalization and, 264, 286, 287-90

Van Tien Dung, General, 2, 356 Van Wolferen , Karel, 219 Vietcong, 65, 72, 219

in Cambodia, 61, 63-64, 66, 121 Vietminh, 126, 127, 173,265

France and , 120; Khmer Issarak and, 58-59, 120

Vietnam, 5-7 , 404 ASEAN and, see Association of

Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); as Asian Cuba, 258, 354, 359; Chinese assistance to, 125-26, 134-35, 186-87

cancellation of, 238, 242, 244-45 Chinese residents of, see Chinese

residents of Vietnam; complexities of the summer of 1978 and, 256-57, 318; demographics of, 122-23, 375; economy of, 404, 408, 409; First Indochina War and , 58-59,119-20, 141 , 143, 173; France and, 141, 143, 171, 172

colonial map of, 32-33, 54, 56, 97-98; post-World War II , 173

hegemony of, 123-24, 129-35, 178, 212, 233, 235, 240, 256, 258-59, 278, 281 , 325; historical conflict with Cambodia, see Cambodia, historical conflict with Vietnam; historical conflict with China, 5-7, 11 - 12,17,93, 173,235-47

accommodation of, 401 ; balancing act between Soviet Union and, 24-28, 92, 170, 175-76, 178, 181-82, 202; Brzezinski on, 287; Cambodia-Vietnam War and, 195, 198-204; Chinese residents and, see Chinese

476

residents of Vietnam ; death of Mao and, 87-89; Emperor Taizong and, 111 - 12; future of, 407-10; ideological conflicts with Cambodia and, 77, 101 - 102; Indochinese Federation and, see Indochinese Federation, Chinese opposition to; Laos and , 94-95; Marxism and, 125-26; nonaligned policy and, 88-90; over land borders, 21-22, 93, 199-200; over the Spratlys and Paracels, II , 19-2 1, 28, 29-30, 36,88,91 , 93, 134-35, 186-87; People's Republic of Kampuchea and, 378-79, 398-405; premodern history and, 108- 17; racism and, 235; as a "religion, " 114; reunification and, 28-30, 35, 120-21, 127, 238 ; Soviet treaty and, 321-22; war, see China-Vietnam War; watershed in , 93; see also History of Southeast Asia

history of, 110-17 accommodation with China, 114-17;

actions against other Chinese vassals , 109, 116- 17; assimilation of Chinese culture, 110- 11 , 116-17; Chinese attitude, 111-12, 117; Chinese invasion of 1407, 109, 112- 13; cultural pretensions , 116-17; Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 173; end of Chinese rule, 113-17; feigned obedience to China, 115- 17; founding, III ; Indochinese Federation and, see Indochinese Federation; modern turning point in , 187-91; Nam Tien , see Nam Tien (the Vietnamese march toward the south); origin, J 10; partition, 173; see also History of Southeast Asia

Indochinese alliance and, see Indochinese alliance; Laos and, 48

"special relationship" with , 30-32, 85-86; treaty of friendship , 94-96, 109-10, 188

New Economic Zones of, 232, 242, 247; in 1977, 158- 60, 186-87; open door policy of, 157-60, 188; problems in, 97; "promotions" in, 195; Public Security Bureau, 244,

247 ; Reagan administration and , 401-404; reforms in the South, 231 - 35, 240; Soviet Union and , 169-79, 256-59, 396-403

anti-China alliance and, 179, 278, 281, 320-22; balancing act between China and, 24-28, 92, 170, 175-76, 178, 181-82,202; Brzezinski and, 264-65, 285 , 287, 398; changes in relationship to, 171 ; COMECON and, 183, 185-86, 188, 245; Communism and, 172-76; detente , 174, 176, 179, 180, 181; Dong's snub of, 170-71 , 184-85; friendship treaty , 256-59, 272, 291 , 320-22, 397; military aid , 189-90, 258, 322, 396-402, 408; recognition of the DRVand, 173; reconciliation with, 187-91, 202; Soviet bases and, 23, 25, 177-78, 190, 322,396-403; U.S . and, 283, 403, 410; Vietnamese hegemony and, 135, 178, 278, 281 ; Vietnam War and, 174-79; see also Vietnam War, aftermath of

strength of, 23-24, 30-31 ; U.S. and, see MIA (missing in action)-normalization-reparations issues; Vietnam War; Yankee come home! , normalization of relations with Vietnam; war with Cambodia, see Cambodia-Vietnam War

aftermath of, see People's Republic of Kampuchea

Western businessmen and, 157-58 Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), 118,

184, 318 Central Committee of, 159-60, 174;

Chinese residents and, 236-38; purge of, 176

Vietnam-laos-Cambodia JOint Economic Committee, 375

Vietnam News Agency (VNA), 72, 73 , 294-96

Vietnam People's Army (VPA), 341, 345 Vietnam War, 136

aftermath of, 153, 179-91 COMECON and , 183, 185-86, 188;

Dong's snub of Soviets, 170-71 , 184-85; economic reality and, 180,

Index

186, 188; euphoria, 24, 179-80; "expensive independence, " 180; IMF and, 182-83; opportunities offered by the West , 184; political reality and, 186-87; "quadripartite" aid, 180-81 ; reconciliation with Soviets, 187-91; Sino-Soviet disputes and, 181-82; in the South, 181-82, 189; Soviet aid , 181 ; Suslov and, 182, 185-86; turning point , 187-91; winning the peace, 142-43; withdrawal of Soviet aid , 183-87; see also MIA (missing in action)-normalization-reparations issues

bombing of Cambodia, 48, 63-64, 68-69; bombing of North Vietnam, 137, 176, 357; captured weapons, 23-24, 187, 189, 222, 258, 333; China and, see China, Vietnam War and; Chinese residents of Vietnam and, 237; Laos and Cambodia and, 121-22; last days of, 1-5, 22, 38, 177-79, 345; original justification for , 350; Sihanouk and, 61-64; Soviet Union and, 174-77

Vietnam Workers Party (VWP), 57, 121 , 129, 185

Chinese residents and, 237 Vinh Te Canal, 52 Vo Dong Giang, 60, 219-20, 225 Voice of America, 300 Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 349 "Voice of the Kampuchean People," 340,

346 Vo Nguyen Giap, General , 67, 126, 196

Cambodia-Vietnam War and, 216, 300; on Indochinese unity , 120-21, 122; secret Indian trip of, 257; visit to Peking, 92-93 , 94

Vorn Vet, 203-204 Vu Hoang, 270 Vuong, 116

Waldheim, Kurt, 335, 336 Wang Dongxing, 75, 326-27 , 328 Wang Guangmei, 129 Wang Gungwu, 113 Wang Hairung, 330

477

INDEX

Wang Hongwen (Gang of Four), 37, 74-78

Wang Shangrong, General, 18, 90 Watergate, 157, 273 Wei Guoqing, General , 323-24 West Germany, 282 Wisner, Frank, 264 Wolf, Congressman Lester, 155 Wolfowitz, Paul, 403 Woodcock, Leonard:

as ambassador to China, 262, 274, 278, 282

Chinese normalization and, 282, 288-89, 330-33; Vietnamese normalization and, 287-90

MIA mission of, 136-42 arrival in Hanoi , 136-37; associates

of, 137; Dong and, 141; Hien and, 137, 139-42; Hoan Kiem Lake, 138-39; Khmer Rouge and, 147-48; Long Bien Bridge, 137-38; Mather's fiancee and, 142, 155; MIA-reparations issue and, 139-42, 148

Trinh and, 139 Woodside, Alexander, 116-17 Workers Party of Cambodia, 253 World Bank, 151 Wu De, 327

Xiao Fei, 355 Xinhua News Agency, 22, 36, 76, 78,

129-30, 203, 209, 344 Xuan Thuy, 15 Xu Shiyou, General, 328, 357

Yang Dezhi, General , 357 Yankee come home!, 263-96

normalization of relations with China, 272-82, 329-33

anti-Soviet strategy and, 277-81; Brzezinski and, 273-82, 288, 289, 329, 332; Carter and, 274-82, 287, 288, 329-33; delay in, 273; Deng and, 273, 275-76, 279, 281, 329-33; detente with the Soviet Union and, 275-76; news leak and, 275, 276; normalization of relations with Vietnam and, 272,

478

276, 286, 287, 288-89, 294 ; "playing the China card," 256, 276, 277 , 284-90, 332; Reagan and, 388, 399; rethinking of, 398-99; security relations and, 279-81, 359-60; stability in Southeast Asia and, 286; Tai~an and, 273-76, 279, 282, 288, 329-33 , 350, 388, 399, 401; target date for , 282, 329, 331, 332; technology transfers and, 279-80; "Two Chinas" policy, 274-75; Vance and, 274-82, 329, 331, 332; "Voyager" communication channel and, 282, 332; Woodcock and, 282, 288-89, 330-33

normalization of relations with Vietnam, 263-72, 282-96

agreement, 266-67; Brzezinski's opposition to, 264-65, 269, 272, 285, 287-90; Cambodia-Vietnam War and, 285-86, 287, 290, 291 , 292; Carter and, 274, 287, 288, 292, 294, 295; CIA-intercepted communique on, 294-96; decision by Vietnamese, 268-69; dropping the precondition of aid, 264-70, 274, 285 , 287, 293; eagerness of Vietnamese for, 266-67, 269-70, 285, 290, 320, 321,402; elections in U.S. and, 289-90, 292, 294; embassies and, 266-67, 282-84, 289,290; Hien and, 267, 269-72; Holbrooke on failure of, 291-93, 296; leak in Bangkok, 290, 292-96; MIAs and, 270, 271, 274, 283 , 403-404, 410; new issues introduced by the U.S., 290-92; normalization of relations with China and, 272, 276, 286, 287, 288-89, 294; other countries and, 286; preparations for, 283-84; Reagan administration and, 401-404; secrecy of, 263-64, 270-71, 289; selling of, 283; shelVing of, 287-93, 296; skepticism over, 285; Soviet Union and, 269, 272, 290-91 , 402; spy case and, 267-69; stability in Southeast Asia and, 286; U.S. Congress and, 271-72; as U.S.

foreign policy crossroads, 267, 272; Woodcock and, 287-90

Yankee Station, 175 Yao Wenyuan (Gang of Four), 74-78 Yao Yilin, 400 Ye, Marshal Jinyiang, 75, 92 Yepishev, General A., 190, 200 Yongle , Emperor, 109, 135

"crimes" of Vietnamese ruler , 112-13 Yos Por, 72, 217

as leader of KNUFNS , 218 Yost, Charles, 140 Young, Andrew, 364-67 Yugoslavia, 74, 75 , 76, 183, 225, 315-16,

347

Index

Yuon, 52, 96 Yu Qiuli, 327

Zagoria, Donald, 175 Zhang Chunqiao (Gang of Four), 37,

74-78 Zhao Zhiyang, 327 Zhou Enlai, 17, 22, 26, 27, 44

death of, 11,37,75,87,88,98,201; Sihanouk and, 40, 42, 43 , 65-66, 69-70, 105, 226-27; Vietnamese dominance in Indochina and, 126-27, 130, 131

Zhu De , 18, 22, 201

479

\ '1; '/: About the Author ~\.fi>

N ayan Clianda is chief of the Washington bureau of the Far Eastern Economic Review. He, his wife, and their two children live in Bethesda, Maryland.

Histol)'/Asian Studies >$12.95

"Brilliant history sensadonalln the best sense of the word. I found Brother fnemy Impossible to put down."

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When the last AmeriCan helicopter darted from the rooftop of the U.S. embassy as Saigon fell on April 30, 1975, a silence descended over Indochina. The region virtually sank below the horizon of Western consdousness until 1979. No other journalist followed the dimly perceived struggles and conflicts in Communist-controlled Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia as Nayan Chanda, Indochina Correspondent of the Far Eastern Economic Review. Based on firsthand knowledge, high-level access, extensive research, and hundreds of interviews with key offidals in Hanoi, Peking, Phnom Penh, Washington, Moscow, Paris, and Tokyo, Brother fnemy stands as the most authoritative, comprehensive history of the war in Indochina after the fall of Saigon. CI;l~nda provides the first fasdnating glimpse into the fear and ambition that led to the Khmer Rouge genocide; gives us the inside story of secret Vietnamese plans to invade Cambodia; tells how Zbigniew Brzezinski's attempt to play the China Card made the U.S. an unwitting partner of China in its historical conflict with Vietnam; and explains how this policy opened the door to Soviet military expansion in Southeast Asia. Already hailed as the "most brilliant history" of the past decade in Indochina, Brother fnemy is destined to become a classic.

"With extraordinary skill, Nayan Chanda penetrates both the truth and the significance of the Third Indochina War This authoritative, highly readable narrative moves deftly from Phnom Penh and Hanol. to Washlngton to the People's Republic of China [as] Chanda brings the characters to life."

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