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Tier 2 Continuum of Behavior Support Data, Teaming & Intervention Systems
Chris Borgmeier PhDPortland State [email protected] www.tier2pbis.pbworks.com
Tier 2 & 3 LogicAssessment & Intervention
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Increasing Minutes Spent on
Assessment and Intervention
Few Minute
s
Few Minute
s
Many Minute
s
Teaming Structures & Processes
ScreeningDecision RulesProgress Monitoring
Individual PBISEfficient Teaming Process
◦ Clear roles, procedures & responsibilities
Intervention Focused◦ Linked to Continuum of Interventions (Tier 1 2 3)◦ Try the easy things first (Tier 2 Interventions)◦ …then Tier 3 (FBA/BSP)
Data focused & Early Identification◦ Progress Monitoring◦ Student Identification through Systematic Screening
Individual PBIS TeamTier 2/3 Progress
Monitoring (Systems & Students)
Team Members: Administrator
Behavior Specialists -e.g. SPSY, SPEDCICO Coordinator
-e.g. counselor, IA
Meets every 2 wks 30-45 min.
Universal Screening & Identifying Students at
risk
Match Students to Interventio
n
Monitor Student Progress
Monitor Systems
(Tier 2 & Tier 3)
Individual PBISTeam
Responsibilities
RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION (RTI) From Tier 2 to Tier 3
FBA TeamProgress
Monitoring Team
Plans SW & Class-
wide supports
Monitors effectiveness and fidelity of
Tier 2 Interventions
(overall and for each student)
Conducts FBA, develops BIP
NOT a standing team
Sept. 1, 2009
UniversalSWPBIS
Team
Tier II Tier I Tier III
Trust the System -- Tier 2 ProcessMaximizing # of minutes/ student
Individual PBIS TeamTier 2/3 Progress
Monitoring (Systems & Students)
Team Members: Administrator
Behavior Specialists -e.g. SPSY, SPEDCICO Coordinator
-e.g. counselor, IA
Meets every 2 wks 30-45 min.
Student 1FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 2FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 3FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 4FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student Screening & Identification
Emphasize early identification
Individual PBIS TeamTier 2/3 Progress
Monitoring (Systems & Students)
Team Members: Administrator
Behavior Specialists -e.g. SPSY, SPEDCICO Coordinator
-e.g. counselor, IA
Meets every 2 wks 30-45 min.
Universal Screening & Identifying Students at
risk
Match Students to Interventio
n
Monitor Student Progress
Monitor Systems
(Tier 2 & Tier 3)
Individual PBISTeam
Responsibilities
Universal ScreeningBefore the 1st Day of School
Review Data from last year◦ Your school data◦ And data on incoming students (if available)
Identify students who had Behavior Support Plans in place per IEP (or otherwise)◦ Prepare to implement BSP with necessary
modifications from beginning of the school year
Identify returning students with more than 5 referrals last year who might benefit from behavioral support to begin the year
Previous Years Discipline data
Who had FBA/BSP’s last year?Which students moved on? Which are returning this year?
Who needs to be on our radar from Day 1?
Decision Rule
Can we get data for our incoming class & new students?
Returning Students (8+ referrals)
Three returning students had FBA/BSPs last year◦ Students w/ 16, 11, & 10 referrals◦ Make modifications to last years BSP & prepare to
implement from beginning of school year
These returning students did not have behavioral interventions in place last year
Robbie - 9 referrals last year Jaden - 8 referrals last year Jorge – 10 referrals last year Logan – 11 referrals last year Galen - 11 referrals last year
Get all 5 started on CICO during 1st week of school
Plan a Check-In Event (orientation) for
students before the school year begins
Start Supports from the beginning of year –
NO WAITING TO FAIL!
Continuing Screening through the Year
I-PBS team reviews student referral data every 2 weeks at each meeting◦Many referrals might also go directly to
the CICO manager
Develop Decision Rules for continuing Student Identification through the year◦Example: Students receiving 3rd referral
or 2nd in a month
Tier 2 & 3 -- RTI Assessment & Intervention
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
Screening Referral Data (ODRs)
Refer to Tier 3 team: Practical
FBA
“Tweak”/ Small change to CICO
Basic CICO
Modified CICO Matched to
Function
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Borderline Initial CICO
Data
Non-Responder Preliminary FBA
Individualized Behavior Support
Plan
Wraparound Supports
Team Tasks – Universal Screening
Develop a plan for Universal Screening to implement before Day 1 of the school year:
◦ Who will meet? when? & where?
◦ What data will you use to ID students for intervention?
◦ Develop DECISION RULES for identifying students: At the beginning of the year? On a continuing basis throughout the year
◦ Using your current data, which students do you want to target for intervention NOW & Next Fall?
◦ What interventions & activities will you implement to support these students from the beginning of the school year? CICO FBA/BSP Other?
Tier 2 & 3Continuum of Interventions
Tier 2 & 3 Continuum of Interventions
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
“Tweak”/ Small change to CICO
Basic CICO
Modified CICO Matched to
Function
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Individualized Behavior Support
Plan
Wraparound Supports
What constitutes a Tier 2 Intervention?◦ EFFICIENCY & MAXIMIZING RESOURCES◦ An intervention that:
Serves multiple students at one time (15-25 student at once) More efficient use of resources that 1 student at a time
Students can get started with almost immediately upon referral
Requires almost no legwork from referring staff to begin implementation of the intervention with a student
All school staff know about, understand their role with, and know the referral process for
◦ SYSTEMS NOTE: Resources Required: If program is not self-sufficient… and requires significant
organization by referring staff… it’s not a Tier 2/ targeted intervention
Questions about Tier 2 InterventionsSystems Considerations
CICOfrom Simple to Advanced
Start with Basic CICO◦Should work for the majority of at-risk
students◦Complete CICO Fidelity Assessment
Once implementing CICO with fidelity & using data for decision making◦Data for student identification◦Data for student progress monitoring to ID
responders/borderline/non-responders
Start adding variations of CICO
Intervention is continuously availableRapid access to intervention (72 hr)Very low effort by teachersConsistent with school-wide expectationsImplemented by all staff/faculty in a schoolFlexible intervention based on assessment
◦ Functional AssessmentAdequate resources (admin, team)
◦ weekly meeting, plus 10 hours a weekStudent chooses to participateContinuous monitoring for decision-making
Major Features of Targeted Interventions
CICO: Implementation ChecksSYSTEM
◦Person assigned with FTE to coordinate & manage daily implementation of CICO
◦Bi-weekly team meetings for student referral/ identification for CICO & progress monitoring
◦Materials & incentives readily available◦Staff-wide buy-in, commitment & training
in roles, responsibilities related to CICO Regular updates to staff on student data &
implementation
CICO: Implementation Checks
PRACTICES◦Reliable daily am check-in & pm check-
out◦Students earn rewards for success (daily
at first)◦Not punitive
CICO: Implementation Checks
DATA◦Daily collection of point card data◦Regular review of graphic student
data for decision making (at least every 2 weeks)
◦Regular student referral for early identification of at-risk students
Data CollectionFocus on Efficiency
Generic point card◦Expectations linked to School-wide
rules◦Limited individualization◦We do not want to spend time
tailoring the point card at this level of intervention
Generic Point CardNo time spent individualizing
Team Task:1. Take a few minutes to complete the BEP-FIM as a Self Assessment.
2 = In Place1 = Partially In
Place0 = Not in Place
2. Identify actions necessary to address areas to improve CICO implementation
CICO: Advanced Applications
Small Modifications or “Tweaks”
Additional Tier 2 Interventions
Remember focus on Efficiency in Progress Monitoring Meeting◦Minutes per Student
Tweak or Small CICO Modification Alternate Tier 2 Intervention (Function-based) Escalate to Tier 3 Student Centered team
Trust the Process◦Most difficult thing = not talking about a
student before it’s time
Tier 2 Assessment & Intervention
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
Student Referral Data (ODRs)
“Tweak”/ Small change to CICO
Basic CICO
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Borderline Initial CICO
Data
Small Changes“Tweaks”
In Progress Monitoring meetings – always weighing Minutes/Kid
◦ Tweaks to the plan for Borderline Responders should only take a couple of “minutes”
◦ Look at initial CICO data◦ Not an extensive discussion
Should have a menu of quick changes/ “tweaks”:◦ Change CICO mentor◦ Change incentives◦ Change/individualize goals◦ More frequent check-ins -- “adding hair”
Borderline Responder
Last 3 weeks -- 10 of 16 days over 80%, but last 8 days -- 3 of 8 days over 80%
“just missing”… but downward trend
Good Candidate for a Small Change/ “Tweak”In 2 minutes or less - Which change is most likely to work for this student? Change (a) CICO mentor, (b) incentives, (c) individualize goals OR
(d) more frequent check-ins
Borderline ResponderLook at Initial CICO data
Quick Check: Anything we can do about Period
3?
Ready to Make Quick Changes
Readiness – what needs to be ready to make these ‘quick’ changes?
◦ Change/individualize goals Need alternate point card readily available to individualize
◦ Change CICO mentor
◦ Add Mid-Day Check-in & incentive
◦ Change incentives Individualize incentives for the student
◦ More frequent check-ins With teacher? With CICO Specialist? Need an adjusted point card?
Individualized Point CardFill in more specific behaviors
Individualized Point Card
Robbie Oct. 14th 20--
More Frequent Check-Ins“CICO Hair Club for Kids”
•Teacher gives more frequent feedback by applying hair – then uses hair to inform overall score for period
•Another Alternative – Create alternate card which breaks day into smaller intervals
Team Work Time
What ‘tweaks’ do you want to develop to be ready for borderline responders?◦Adapt existing materials and/or Develop
new materials required to make ‘tweaks’ readily available and accessible?
◦Remember in the meeting, decisions regarding small intervention changes or ‘tweaks’ should occur in less then 2 minutes of discussion…. “Ready to Go” intervention options/ “tweaks” will make this as easy as possible
Non-Responders
Modified (Function-Based) CICO
Tier 2 Assessment & Intervention
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
Student Referral Data (ODRs)
“Tweak”/ Small change to CICO
Basic CICO
Modified CICO Matched to
Function
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Borderline Initial CICO
Data
Non-Responder Preliminary FBA
Non-Responder
Typical Reasons CICO may not be working for an individual student
1) Low fidelity of implementation2) The student needs more
instruction on how to use the program
3) The rewards are not powerful or desirable for the student
4) The program does not match the function of the problem behavior
5) The student requires more intensive, individualized support
AddressImplementati
on Issue
Individualize Tier 2
Escalate to Tier 3
Support
Behavioral Explanations for “Why”
Don’t forget - From student’s perspective, problem behavior serves a purpose, such as…◦Gaining attention◦Gaining access to activities or tangible
items◦Avoiding or escaping from something
student finds unpleasant (e.g. difficult or undesired tasks)
Using Function of Behavior to Inform CICO Modifications
Individual Student Planning
◦Can use “Function of Behavior” to match students to appropriate version of CICO
◦Function-Based Assessment might include: Data from ODRs “Possible Motivation” Or Preliminary/Brief FBA
Minor – “Uh-Oh”
Preliminary FBAUse existing data for preliminary
FBA◦ODR data
Identify function/motivation Identify antecedents –
time/location/persons involved, etc.
◦CICO data Identify antecedents – time/location
Non-Responder Preliminary FBA
Does this tell us anything about when/ where/ who is involved (antecedents)?
Preliminary FBA
Discipline Referral Summaries◦Suspensions, detentions, office referrals
◦Look for patterns Triggers/Antecedents Day of the week,
Time of Day, Location, Students Involved
Behavior
Consequences/Function Possible Motivation, Disciplinary Action, Administrative Decision
Student Referral Report - SWIS
Date Staff Time LocationProlem Behavior
MotivationOthers Involved
Admin Decision
1 02/08/11 43866 12:15PM Plygd Agg/FightUnknown mot
PeersOut-sch susp
2 01/28/11 47522 1:30PM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Teacher Detention
3 01/10/11 47522 10:30AM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Teacher Detention
4 12/18/10 47522 9:30AM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Teacher Detention
5 12/08/10 47522 1:00AM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Peer Detention
6 12/08/10 47522 10:15AM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Teacher Parent
7 11/20/10 47522 9:30PM Class Disrespt Avoid Task Teacher Parent
Does this tell us anything about the function of student
behavior?
How about when/ where/ who
(Antecedents)?
Advanced Applications of CICO
Function-Based Modifications of CICO
Breaks Are Better
Function = Escape Task (elem)
Justin Boyd
University of Oregon
Logic Guiding Breaks are BetterChildren may benefit from taking small,
appropriate breaks
If breaks are available, students may:◦Engage in less escape-maintained problem
behavior◦Request breaks less often than escape-
maintained problem behavior occurred
Increased reinforcement for:◦Asking for assistance◦Taking a break appropriately
CICO Modification ElementaryEscape Academic Task
Explicitly teach an alternative/replacement behavior (i.e., break requests)
Promote self-management by teaching students to “keep track” of their breaks
Establish & Teach teachers (and students) how this will look in the classroom
Make it feasible and sustainable for classroom teachers to implement
Breaks are Better ModificationsPrior to intervention:
◦ Child & teacher identify appropriate “break” activities
◦ Student is taught: How to request a break How to take a break How to return to work
Points earned for:◦ Meeting academic-specific expectations◦ Asking for break appropriately or not needing a
break◦ Weekly point total tied to reinforcers
Sample Break Options & RewardsBreak Options
Move to separate desk for quiet activity
Quiet activity at desk
Drawing Doodle on notebookStretch in backroomRun errand for
teacher
Weekly RewardsComputer timeExtra RecessCoupon for bonus
points on assignments
Coupons for buddy work
Coupon to make assignment shorter or easier
Library pass
Breaks are Better Card
Taking a Break in the Classroom
ABC: Academic Behavior CICO
Function = Escape Task (MS)
Jessica Turtura
University of Oregon
Logic Guiding ABCStudents benefit from organizational structure
More frequent and tangible reinforcement for:◦ Recording assignments◦ Completing in-class work & participating◦ Asking for help◦ Completing homework
Parental structure for homework completion:◦ Parents are aware of assignments◦ Parents check for completion
Academic focused CICO (Escape Tasks)Middle School
• Morning Check-in– Students check-in with counselor
– All homework completed? Prepared for the school day with all necessary materials?
– Opportunity to complete unfinished homework and to gather materials
• Daily point card and Homework tracker– Receive feedback each period about behavior during class (participation,
staying on-task, completing work)
– Record assignments on homework tracker
• Afternoon Check-out– Check-out with counselor
– Review point card and homework tracker
– Does student know what is due tomorrow? Have all materials needed to complete assignments?
• Home Component– Parents review daily feedback with student
– Sign card to indicate if student has completed all homework
ABC ModificationsPrior to intervention – coordinator meets w/
parents
Morning Check-In: Assess & give bonus pts for: ◦ Materials Ready & Homework Completed
Afternoon check-out: Check Tracker
Expectations focus on Academic Behaviors + Add’l Expectation of completing Tracker
Parent signature with focus on Homework Completion
ABC Point Card -- Front
ABC Point Card -- Back
Non-Responders
Escalate to Tier 3
Tier 2 Assessment & Intervention
Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Intensiv
e
Targeted
Student Referral Data (ODRs)
Refer to Tier 3 team: Practical
FBA
“Tweak”/ Small change to CICO
Basic CICO
Modified CICO Matched to
Function
Intervention
Asses
smen
t
Borderline Initial CICO
Data
Non-Responder Preliminary FBA
Individualized Behavior Support
Plan
Non-Responder
After multiple interventions, including match to function-based CICO
Tweak
ABC CICO
RTI Time to move to Tier 3 Support
Individual PBIS TeamTier 2/3 Progress
Monitoring (Systems & Students)
Team Members: Administrator
Behavior Specialists -e.g. SPSY, SPEDCICO Coordinator
-e.g. counselor, IA
Meets every 2 wks 30-45 min.
Student 1FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered teamMeeting 1PermissionsCoordinate Assessment
(FBA)
Meeting 2Review
Assessment& Finalize
Implementation Plan
Meeting 3Monitor Student
Progress & Review/Modify
PlanMeetings
Ongoing as needed to Monitor Student
Progress & Review/Modify Plan
Individual PBIS TeamTier 2/3 Progress
Monitoring (Systems & Students)
Team Members: Administrator
Behavior Specialists -e.g. SPSY, SPEDCICO Coordinator
-e.g. counselor, IA
Meets every 2 wks 30-45 min.
Student 1FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 2FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 3FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
Student 4FBA/BSP
team
AdministratorBehavior SpecialistStudent
Centered team
A Proactive Approach to Behavior Support Planning
• Majority of problem behaviors that teams encounter do not require comprehensive FBA-BSP (Loman & Horner, in press)
• Using simplified FBA-BSP procedures that “match” the level and intensity of problem behavior
• Provide FBS at the first signs of persistent problem behavior
Complex FBA:
Behaviors and Maintaining Functions Vary, and are not Easily Defined and/or Identified
Basic FBA:
Behaviors and Maintaining Functions are Easily Defined and Identified
District Behavior Support Specialist
Support Teams
building behavior support
plans from Assessme
nt informatio
n
Train 1-2 people per school to conduct “basic” FBA/BSP
Train and coach
PBIS at all three tiers
Building Capacity for Function-Based Support
Basic FBA2BSP Training
Series of 7 - 90 minute trainings (each training spaced about 2 weeks apart)
◦Session 1: Basics of Behavior◦Session 2: FBA Interview◦Session 3: FBA Observation◦Session 4: Function-Based Intervention◦Session 5: Behavior Support Planning ◦Session 6: Implementation Planning◦Session 7: Evaluation Plan & Monitoring
Format of Basic FBA to BSP Training Sessions
Checks for
Understanding
Comments/Questions
Tasks
Key Points
Objectives
Review
Activities