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TIU CHUN QUC GIA

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TIU CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V AN TON K THUT

THIT B XP D HNG HA TRN TU BINSafety management of cargo handling gears used on board seagoing vessels

H NI - 2013

Tiu chun Quc gia v An ton k thut thit b xp d hng ha trn tu binSafety management of cargo handling gears used on board seagoing vessels1. Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun k thut ny a ra cc yu cu an ton cho khai thc s dng cc thit b xp d hng ha c trang b trn tu bin Vit Nam c tng dung tch t 300 tr ln v cc tu khch khng k kch thc.2. Ti liu vin dn v tham kho2.1. Ti liu vin dn

IMO, B lut v thc tin an toan cho xp hang va c inh hang hoa trn tau, London, 1992.2.2. Ti liu tham kho

IMO, SOLAS Chapter VI.IMO, Quy tc thc tin an ton xp hng rn ri trong khoang - Code of safe practice for solid bulk cargoes 2001 edition with Msc/circ. 908.Lloyds register, Survey an Examination of ships Lifting Appliances.

IMCA, Crane specification document, IMCA M171 Rev.1, 2013.3. Cc thut ng v nh ngha

3.1. Thit b xp d hng ha (cargo handling gears) l cc thit b c s dng xp d hng ha ln, xung tu. Thit b xp d hng ha l mt t hp my v cc b phn kt cu kim loi chu lc trong khi lm vic, di chuyn hoc nng h cc vt nng. c im lm vic ca cc c cu thit b nng h l ngn hn, lp i lp li v c thi gian dng. Chuyn ng chnh ca my l nng h vt theo phng thng ng, ngoi ra cn c mt s chuyn ng khc dch chuyn vt trong mt phng ngang nh chuyn ng quay quanh trc my, di chuyn my, chuyn ng lc quanh trc ngang (nng h cn). Bng s phi hp cc chuyn ng my c th dch chuyn vt, hng ha n bt c v tr no trongkhng gian lm vic ca n.3.2. Cn cu n n (single derrick) l thit b xp d hng ha s dng trn tu bin c cu to bao gm 01 cn c th di chuyn nh cc pa lng ba. Khi cu hng, khi hng s c di chuyn cng vi cn.3.3. Cn cu n i (derrick) l thit b xp d hng ha s dng trn tu bin c cu to bao gm 02 cn c gi nhng v tr c nh nh cc pa lng ba. Khi cu hng, khi hng s c di chuyn trong khong gia 02 cn nh iu chnh dy cu hng.3.4. Cn trc (crane) l thit b xp d hng ha s dng trn tu bin c cu to gm cn c lin kt vi hoc kt cu c nh khc trn b xoay. Khi cu hng, khi hng s di chuyn cng vi 3.5. Cn cu long mn (gantry crane) l thit b xp d hng ha s dng trn tu bin c cu to c khung chy trn h thng ng ray c nh dc theo chiu di tu v h thng ng ray trn khung c s dng cho xe ti nng h, di chuyn hng. Khi nng h, dch chuyn hng th khi hng c dch chuyn cng vi xe ti.3.6. Trng ti (Work Load) l trng lng ln nht ca vt nng m cn cu c th nng c trng thi lm vic nht nh no ( tm vi cho trc, v tr phn quay ca cn cu ).3.7. Ti trng lm vic an ton (Safe Working Load) l khi lng hng ln nht c php nng k c cc b phn dng nng hng nh: gu ngom, mc, cp, x, khung cu, ..v..v. m hng c nng.3.8. Tm vi (working radius) l khong cch t trc quay ca phn quay ca cn cu n trc quay ca mc.3.9. cao nng (lifting height) l khong cch t mt bng my ng n tm thit b mang vt v tr cao nht. Vi cc cn trc c tay cn th chiu cao nng thay i ph thuc vo tm vi.3.10. Ti (winch) l thit b nng dng nng h v ko ti. Ti c th hot ng c lp nh mt thit b hon chnh ring v c th ng vai tr mt b phn ca cc thit b nng phc tp khc. Ti dn ng bng ng c in gi l ti in. Ti dn ng bng tay gi l ti th cng.4.1. Phn loi thit b xp d hng ha trn tu

4.1.1. Phn loi theo cu to

4.1.1.1. Cn cu n n.

4.1.1.2. Cn cu n i.

4.1.1.3. Cn trc.

4.1.1.4. Cn cu long mn.

4.1.1.5. Cc thit b xp d hng chuyn dng khc.

4.1.2. Phn loi theo sc nng

4.1.2.1. Cn cu tiu: sc nng di 10 tn.

4.1.2.2. Cn cu trung: sc nng t 10 tn n 300 tn.

4.1.2.3. Cn cu i: sc nng >300 tn.

4.2. An ton k thut i vi cn cu n n

4.2. Vt liu ch to

4.2.1. Vt liu ch to cn

4.2.1.1. Cn ca cn trc c ch to bi cc ng thp, hoc cc tm thp cn hn li vi nhau.

4.2.1.2. i vi cn c ch to t thp ng, cc iu kin sau y phi tha mn:

V tnh cht c hc:(1) Th kong thp phi tha mn nhng yu cu c quy nh Bng 1. Bng 1. Th koCp ngGii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c (N/mm2)Gii hn bn ko(N/mm2) gin di (%)

Cp 2 175 325 26(22)

Cp 3 175 340 26(22)

Cp 4 255 410 21(17)

Cp 12 205 380 21(17)

Cp 22, 23 v 24 205 410 21(17)

(2) Th lm bp

Mt on ng c ly ra t u ng phi c th lm bp trng thi ngui bng cch dng hai tm phng t song song p li m khng b nt hoc c khuyt tt r (Hnh 1) cho n khi khong cch gia hai tm phng t n gi tr nh hn gi tr H tnh theo cng thc sau.

t:Chiu dy ng (mm);

D:ng knh ngoi ca ng (mm);

e:Hng s ty thuc vo cp ca ng.

Hnh 1. Th lm bp ng cn cu

Hnh 2. Th lm bp ng cn cu vi ng c chiu dy trn 15% ng knh ngoi

Trong trng hp ny, chiu di L ca mu th phi c ly khng nh hn 50 mm, nhng khng c ln hn 100 mm. Tuy nhin, i vi ng c chiu dy bng 15% ng knh ngoi tr ln, c th dng mu th kiu C th, phn chu vi b ct ca mu th ch C c a ra Hnh 2.i vi ng c hn bng phng php in tr, ng hn phi c t vung gc vi lc tc dng, nh trong Hnh 1. Nu mu th kiu C c s dng, mu th phi c t nh Hnh 2.

Bng 2. Nhit luyn ng thpCp ngng thp linng thp c hn theo phng php in tr

Cng ngh

nngCng ngh nguiHnCng ngh nngCng ngh ngui

Cp 2 nhit thp, thng ha hoc hon tonThng haNh ko(a)Thng ha(b)

Cp 3Nh ko(a)

Cp 4Thng ha nhit thpThng ha(b)

Cp 12 nhit thp, ng nhit, hon ton, thng ha hoc thng ha v ram ng nhit, hon ton, thng ha hoc thng ha v ram

Cp 22 nhit thp, ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram

Cp 23 ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram nhit 6500C tr ln---

Cp 24 ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram nhit 6500C tr ln

Ch thch:(a) nhit thp hoc thng ha c th c p dng, nu cn thit.

(b) Trc khi lm ngui phi i vi ng thp hn theo phng php in tr gia cng ngui c thng ha.Bng 3. Thnh phn ha hcCp ngThnh phn ha hc (%)

CSiMnPSCrMo

Cp 2 0,18 0,350,25 0,60 0,035 0,035------

Cp 3 0,180,10 0,350,30 0,60 0,035 0,035------

Cp 4 0,320,10 0,350,30 0,80 0,035 0,035------

Cp 120,10 0,200,10 0,500,30 0,80 0,035 0,035---0,45 0,65

Cp 22 0,15 0,500,30 0,60 0,030 0,0350,80 1,250,45 0,65

Cp 23 0,150,50 1,000,30 0,60 0,030 0,0301,00 1,500,45 0,65

Cp 24 0,15 0,500,30 0,60 0,030 0,0301,90 2,600,87 1,13

i vi cc mi hn, phi tha mn cc iu kin sau:

(1)Kiu mi hn:

Cc quy trnh hn cho mi hn gip mp c duyt c th s dng cho mi hn gc c cng t th hn vi mi hn gip mp.

(2)Chiu dy kim loi c bn ca mi hn gip mp, kch thc chn ca mi hn gc phi tun th theo cc quy nh ca ng kim.(3)Cp ca kim loi c bn

(a)Trong nhm vt liu c cng mc bn, cc quy trnh hn tha mn cc yu cu i vi vic hn cc kim loi c bn c dai va p cao hn s c coi l tha mn cc yu cu i vi vic hn ca kim loi c bn c dai va p thp hn (vt liu c nhit th dai va p theo quy nh cao hn).

(b)Trong nhm vt liu c cng mc dai va p, cc quy trnh hn tha mn cc yu cu i vi vic hn kim loi c cp bn cao hn c p dng cho vic hn cc kim loi c bn c bn thp hn (vt liu c gii hn chy quy nh thp hn). (4)Loi vt liu hn

Cc vt liu hn a ra t (a) n (c) di y ch phi tha mn yu cu v cp vt liu (bao gm c cc hu t), vi iu kin chng phi do cng mt nh sn xut lm ra:

(a)Que hn c thuc bc cho hn h quang tay vi loi que hn l: MW1, MW2, MW3, MW52, MW53 v MW52 Y40.

(b)Vt liu hn cho hn bn t ng l: SW1, SW2, SW51, SW52 v SW52 Y40.

(c)Loi vt liu cho hn t ng l AW1, AW2, AW52 v AW52 Y40 (nu ch dng trong k thut hn nhiu lp v trong mi hn gc4.2.1.2. Vt liu ch to mc cu: mc cu c ch to t thp c.

(1)Mc cu phi c thnh phn ha hc nh quy nh Bng 2.

Bng 2. Thnh phn ha hcLoiThnh phn ha hc (%)

CSiMnSPCuCrNiMoWThnh phn cn li

Thp c cc bon 0,40 0,600,50 1,60 0,040 0,040 0,30 0,30(a) 0,40(a) 0,15- 0,80

Thp c

hp kim thp 0,25 0,600,50 0,80 0,030 0,030(a) 0,50(b)0,30 1,5(a) 0,50(b)0,15 1,2(a) 0,10 1,00

Ch thch:(a) Thnh phn cc nguyn t cn li cn xem xt. Thp c khng cn ch trng b sung thm thnh phn nguyn t cn li.

(b) Mt hoc nhiu thnh phn nguyn t phi tha mn quy nh v hm lng ti thiu.

(2)Thp Cc nh ch to c th b sung thm thnh phn lm mn ht thch hp, th d nh nhm.(3)Nh ch to phi tin hnh phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca mi m c t cc go rt v trnh kt qu cho ng kim.(4)Tnh cht c hc ca thp c phi tun th cc yu cu theo bng di y:

Bng 3. Tnh cht c hc ca thp cLoiCp thpGii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c (N/mm2)Gii hn bn ko (N/mm2) gin di (%) co tht

(%)

Thp c cc bonSC42

SC46

SC49

SC53

SC57

SC61 205

225

240

260

300

320 410

450

480

520

560

600 24

22

20

18

15

13 38

29

27

25

20

20

Thp c hp kim thpSCA45

SCA49

SCA56 245

275

340 440

480

550 22

17

16 40

35

35

4.2.1.3. Vt liu ch to cp ca cn cu

(1)Cp thp c phn thnh 7 cp, ph thuc vo thnh phn cu to quy nh Bng 4. Vic phn cp c th c ch ra bi s ca cp hoc du hiu cu trc.(2)Cp thp cp 1 c dng chng buc c nh. Cp thp cp 3 c dng chng buc c nh v di ng, cp thp cp 2, 4, 5, 6 v 21 c dng lm cp cu hng.

Bng 4. Cc loi cp thpCpNo.1No.2No.3No.4No.5No.6No.21

Tit din

ngang

Thnh phnS si thp7121924303736

S tao6666666

Li si1 tm1 tm v nhiu tm ca tao1 tm1 tm v nhiu tm ca tao1 tm v nhiu tm ca tao1 tm1 tm

Du hiu

cu trc(6x7)(6x12)(6x19)(6x24)(6x30)(6x37)(6xWS(36))

4.2.1.4. Vt liu ch to cc chi tit khc

Cc chi tit khc c ch to t thp cn, thp hn hay thp c th phi tha mn cc yu cu tng ng vi tng loi vt liu theo yu cu ca cc c quan ng kim.

4.2.2. An ton i vi cn, ct

4.2.2.1. Phi dng hot ng ca cu khi:

- Pht hin cc bin dng d ca kt cu kim loi.

- Pht hin cc kt cu ca cn, ct b nt.

- Kim tra thy mt s bu lng ni gia ct cu v b ri ra.

- Cc khp ni ng trn cn v ct cu b kt

4.2.2.2. Khng nng cn qu cao, h cn qu thp so vi quy nh ca nh ch to.

4.2.2.3. Phi kim tra cc lin kt gia cn, ct vi b , thn tu trc v sau khi lm hng.

4.2.2.4. Phi hp nhp nhng gia cc palng ba khi xoay cn.

4.2.2.5. Khi h thng ti thy lc (trng hp dng ng c thy lc) b mt p lc du th phi nhanh chng a cn v v tr c nh v ngng lm vic kim tra, khc phc s c.

4.2.2.6. Trng hp s dng ng c in th phi ngng lm vic ngay v trong chng mc c th, phi h cn khi pht hin c s c hoc bt k biu hin bt thng no khc ca cc c cu cu.4.2.2.7. Trong qu trnh khai thc, s dng cn cu, cn kim tra cn, ct theo cc hng mc nu trong Ph lc 1 ca Tiu chun ny.

4.2.3. An ton i vi cc kt cu khc

4.2.3.1. Khng cc chng ngi trong v trn ng di chuyn ca m hng cng nh ca cn cu.

4.2.3.2. Khng vng m hng.

4.2.3.3. Khng ko m hng khi c ngi ang y.

4.2.3.4. Khng ko nhng m hng ngoi tm vi ca cu.

4.2.3.5. Kim tra cc thit b chng buc phi c tho ra trc khi a cu vo lm vic v khi h cu v tr i bin phi chng buc cn thn.

4.2.3.6. Nu pht hin c bt k h hng no ca cc kt cu ca cu phi dng lm vic ngay v khc phc cc h hng ri mi tip tc lm vic.

4.2.3.7. Ch s dng cu vo mc ch cu hng ch khng s dng vo bt k mc ch no khc.

4.2.3.8. Phi phi hp nhp nhng gia cc ti cu hng v xoay cn.

4.2.3.9. Khng cho php ngi khng c chuyn mn s dng cu.

4.2.3.10. Phi m bo khu vc lm hng khng b cn tr bi bt k chng ngi no.4.2.3.11. Trong qu trnh khai thc, s dng cn cu, cn kim tra cc kt cu theo cc hng mc nu trong Ph lc 2 n 6 ca Tiu chun ny.

4.2.4. An ton trong khai thc, s dng cn cu n n

4.2.4.1. Phi tun th nghim ngt nhng quy trnh hng dn s dng.

4.2.4.2. Cn phi thng xuyn kim tra c th sa cha thay th kp thi.

4.2.4.3. Tr cn phi thng xuyn c bi y m v kim tra xem bc trc b c b qu mn hay b v khng.

4.2.4.4. Khng cho php tt cn nhanh hn tc quy nh trong sch hng dn ca nh ch to.

4.2.4.5. Tt c cc chi tit d l nh nht nht nh man, puli, dy cp, mc cu, dy xchphi c th v kim tra ti trng ph hp vi quy nh v c giy chng nhn ca ni sn xut hoc c quan ng kim.

4.2.4.6. Sc nng an ton cho php (SWL-Safe Working Load) c kim nh bi c quan ng kim phi c ghi r rng ln thn cu mi ngi c th nhn thy. Cm tuyt i vic cu cc m hng vt qu sc nng an ton cho php.4.2.4.7. Thuyn trng phi m bo rng bt k mt thit b xp d no c s dng trn tu phi lun trong tnh trng hot ng tt, lun p ng an ton i vi mc ch s dng, khng c c nhng khim khuyt v h thng lun c bo dng ph hp.

4.2.4.8. Trong vic xc nh thit b xp d c m bo sc nng an ton khng khi s dng n th cn phi tnh n cc tc ng bn ngoi lm tng cc lc tc ng ln h thng nh tnh trng thi tit (sng, gi), tnh cht ca hng ho (v d khi s dng cu c kt hp gu ngom i vi hng qung, nu m ca qung ln s lm tng trng lng m hng) v k nng ca ngi s dng cn cu.

4.2.4.9. Yu cu t ra i vi cc phng php bo dng l cc thit b xp d hng phi c gi tnh trng hot ng tt, lm vic c hiu qu v d dng sa cha khi c hng hc.

4.2.4.10. Phi m bo rng bt k mt thit b no dng ni kt vi h thng cn cu tu cu hng nh cc dy qung hng (sling), cc pallet, cc mc hng (hook), cc gu ngom (grab bucket) hoc cc dng c tng t phi trong tnh trng tt v ph hp vi trng lng ca m hng phi cu.

4.2.4.11. Phi m bo rng h thng xp d hng ho ca tu phi c s dng mt cch an ton v ng k thut.

4.2.4.12. Phi m bo rng ngoi tr trng hp thc hin vic th (test) v kim tra ti trng th trong bt k trng hp no cng khng c php cu cc m hng vt qu sc nng an ton cho php (SWL Safe working load).

4.2.4.13. Khng cho php nhng ngi cha c hun luyn v vic s dng thit b xp d hng ho s dng cc thit b .

4.2.4.14. Vic hun luyn s dng thit b xp d hng ho trn tu bao gm c vic hng dn v l thuyt c phn tch n cc yu t nh hng n s an ton ca h thng.

4.2.4.15. Trn h thng cn cu cn phi nh du cc v tr v cc hng dch chuyn ca tay trang iu khin.

4.2.4.16. Khng c s dng thit b cn cu khi ang c cc cht hm, khi cng tc gii hn tt.

4.2.4.17. Vic kim tra gii hn trn (Upper limit) v gii hn di (Lower limit) cn phi tin hnh thng xuyn, ngoi ra trn thc t d dng xc nh chnh xc trong hot ng ca cng tc gii hn (Limit switch) ngi ta thng nh du bng vch sn trng ln thn tr cu.

4.2.4.18. Ngun cung cp cho h thng ch c bt ln khi c ngi ngi ti v tr iu khin v m bo rng cng tc kim tra an ton hon tt. Ngun cung cp phi c tt ngay sau khi h thng ngng hot ng v cn lun nh ci cht hm tay trang iu khin khi a n v v tr dng (Off hay neutral).

4.2.4.19. Ngi iu khin cn cu khng c php lm thm mt cng vic no khc, phi tp trung s ch vo cng vic iu khin, tm nhn phi bao qut c ton b khu vc lm vic c th thy c cc tn hiu ca ngi xi nhan mt cch r rng, thy c s di chuyn ca m hng ang cu ...Khi m v mt l do no ngi iu khin cu khng quan st c ton b khu vc ang lm vic pha trc th cn ht sc thn trng v rt d xy ra tai nn, ngoi vic s dng tn hiu tay ra cn dng thm cc phng php thng tin khc nh b m hoc tn hiu ci. Ring i vi ngi xi nhan (Signaller) th phi ng v tr m c th quan st c ton b khu vc lm vic v ti v tr ngi iu khin cu phi nhn r c anh ta, tuy nhin anh ta khng c ng gn di khu vc m m hng s i qua. Cng nh ngi iu khin cu, ngi xi nhan phi c hun luyn c th s dng cc tn hiu mt cch chnh xc, khng c nhm ln. Ngoi vic s dng tn hiu lin lc bng tay, th thng s dng my b m UHF thng tin gia ngi iu khin cu v ngi xi nhan.

4.2.4.20. Khng c cu m hng ngang qua khu vc pha di ang c ngi qua li hay cc li i thng thng, khu vc ang lm vic phi c t bin bo, cng dy gii hn cm nhng ngi khng c nhim v i vo khu vc .

4.2.4.21. Khng c php s dng cu cu ngi t b ln tu hoc ngc li tr khi trong trng hp khn cp, cu nn hoc thit b cu c cu to c bit cho cng vic v cc thit b km theo nh r, dy eo cho ngi phi an ton ph hp.

4.2.4.22. Khng nn s dng thit b cu ko r nhng vt nng ngoi tm vi ca thit b.

4.2.4.23. Tuyt i cm vic lng m hng ra xa nh trng lng ca n.

4.2.4.24. Vic kim tra cc thit b ca h thng cn cu nh dy cp, cc puli, man, mc cu, bnh rngphi c tin hnh thng xuyn v nh k. Phi lu c bit n nhng hng dn ca nh ch to v vic kim tra bo dng.

4.2.4.25. Tt c cc man, tng , blockphi c y cht hm (pins).

4.2.4.26. Khi tin hnh thay th cc chi tit ca h thng cn cu nh block cu hng, block nng cn, cc tng , cpth phi bo m rng cc chi tit c thay th ng kch c, chng loi, ng ti trng an ton.4.5. An ton k thut i vi thit b xp d hng ha khc

4.5.1. An ton trong khai thc, s dng thit b xp d bng bng truyn

4.5.1.1. Tin hnh kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn v nh k da trn nhng hng dn ca nh ch to.

4.5.1.2. H thng bnh rng ca tr xoay, cc puli, dy cpphi c thng xuyn kim tra, cung cp m bi trn y .

4.5.1.3. Vic thay th dy cp cu (Dy cp nng cn-luffing wire v dy cp cu hng-hoisting wire) tu thuc vo tiu chun ra ca cng ty qun l tu, da trn tnh cht cng vic, loi hng ha chuyn ch, tuy nhin bt k lc no m thuyn trng xt thy dy cp khng m bo an ton th c th cho tin hnh thay th ngay.

4.5.1.4. H thng puli gm c puli cu hng, puli u cn, puli nng cn th ngoi vic bm m bi trn cn cn kim tra mc mi mn ca bc trc v rnh bnh xe. Cn thay th khi n b mi mn di mc cho php.

4.5.1.5. H thng bulng th c bit lu n cc bulng ca trng qun dy bn trong cu (Coupling bolt), khng c bt k mt bulng no b lng ra v n s ko theo cc bulng khc lng ra theo. c kh nhiu trng hp tai nn sp cn do hin tng ny gy ra, do vy cn c k hoch kim tra hp l.

4.5.1.6. Gc ngng v gc h gii hn ca cn nn c nh du bng sn trng ln thn tr cu d dng kim tra.

4.5.1.7. Khng cho php cng nhn iu khin cu lng m hng khi ang cu v khng c iu khin kiu git cc gy stress ln thit b cu.

4.5.1.8. Sc nng an ton cho php (SWL-Safe Working Load) phi c ghi r rng ln thn cn mi ngi c th nhn thy c, trng lng ca mi m hng phi c bit chnh xc phng trng hp cu qu ti, c bit lu n trong lng ph tri do m ca hng ho (nh khi xp hng qung), p lc khi git cc do iu kin sng gi hoc do k thut ca ngi iu khin cu.

4.5.1.9. i vi loi cn cu tr xoay ny th ngi iu khin ngi trong bung iu khn nn cn bo m tm nhn ca anh ta v pha trc khng b vng bi bt k mt cu trc no. Bung iu khin phi m bo v sinh, ngn np, khng cc vt gy cn tr n cng vic. Mi bung phi c t nht mt bnh cu ho, c li thot him bn ngoi.4.5.2. An ton trong khai thc, s dng thit b xp d bng bm

4.5.2.1. Tu nhn hng

Sau khi hon thnh cc cng vic chun b v kim tra th tu c th bt u xp hng. y l giai on i hi s hot ng an ton ca tt c cc trang thit b trn tu. Cn phi kim tra thc trng v im t ca cc van x, van iu khin t xa, cc h thng ho lng hi hng ho, pht hin hi hng ho, bo ng v nh mc xp d hng ti a.

Trong qu trnh nhn hng, s quan c trch nhim phi c bit lu n cc vn sau:

- Trong mi tnh hung khn cp, cn ng ngay cc van s c.

- Mi thit b d kh phi hot ng thng xuyn.

- Trong giai on u ca qu trnh nhn hng p sut trong kt v ng ng c th tng ln t ngt, do tc xp hng phi thp cho ti khi tt c cc ng c lm lnh v p sut trong kt n nh. Phi thng xuyn kim tra p sut trong kt v tc xp hng phi c gim xung trc khi p sut t ti mc p sut t van an ton. Nu vic gim tc xp hng vn cha lm gim p sut th phi bo cho cng ngng ngay vic lm hng.

- Qu trnh lm hng c th lm gim ng k p sut trong khng gian cch ly. p sut khu vc ny phi c iu chnh bng cch cho thm mt lng thch hp kh tr hay khng kh kh.

- Khi hng ho bc hi mnh s c s hnh thnh rt nhiu bt kh lm tng th tch cht lng. o chnh xc mc cht lng trong kt, thnh thong phi ng van x hi t kt lm tng p sut tc thi ca n.

- Trong qu trnh nhn hng phi thng xuyn kim tra p sut v mc cht lng trong kt, nu khng thy mc cht lng tng ln th phi kim tra li ngay.

- Khi dng cht lng c chuyn ra t kt ny sang kt khc, trnh hin tng tng p t ngt trong ng ng, cc van kt chun b nhn hng phi c m ht trc khi ng cc van kt y hng.

- Phi tun th cc gii hn np y ca kt cha, gii hn mc cht lng cho mi kt phi c tnh ton trc.

- giai on cui ca qu trnh xp hng, cn gim bt tc xp hng, cui cng phi a ht cht lng trong ng vo kt v lm kh ng ng.

- Giai on tu lm hng cng l thi gian tu ti cng v c kh nng xut hin ca hi hng ho, do phi c bit lu n vn an ton phng chng chy.

4.5.2.2. Tu tr hng

Trc khi tin hnh tr hng cng phi thc hin cng tc chun b v kim tra nh khi nhn hng, ngoi ra phi lu n cc vn sau:

- Cc thit b d kh phi thng xuyn hot ng tt.

- Nu s dng bm chm tr hng th trc khi khi ng phi kim tra cch in.

- Cc van tr hng phi c m t t gim bt ti v trnh s tng p t ngt.

- Phi thng xuyn kim tra cc hng ni pht hin s r r v p sut trong cc ng ng cht lng khi tr hng thng ln hn khi nhn hng.

- Trong thi gian tr hng, p sut trong kt s gim xung, lm tng thm mc bc hi ca cht lng. Nu tc tr hng ln m s bc hi khng b p s gim p sut th phi a thm hi hng ho t bn ngoi vo.

- Qu trnh tr hng cng lm thay i p sut trong cc hm hng hay khoang cch ly. p sut trong cc khng gian ny phi c theo di thng xuyn v iu chnh khi cn.

- Phi thng xuyn theo di mc cht lng trong kt, nu thy khng thay i th phi kim tra li ngay.

- Khi trong kt ch cn li t cht lng, phi gim bt tc tr hng trnh cho bm khi b hng, ng thi lm tng hiu sut tr hng. Khng c bm hot ng khng ti bi v chnh hng lng gi vai tr cht bi trn v lm mt cho cc trc, .

- Trong cc trng hp khn cp phi ng ngay cc van s c.

- Khi kt thc vic tr hng, tt c cc ng ng phi c lm kh, ty sch kh v h p sut. Sau ng cc van c lp v tho mi ni tu - b.4.5.3. An ton trong khai thc, s dng thit b xp d chuyn dng khc

4.5.3.1. Tin hnh kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn v nh k da trn nhng hng dn ca nh ch to.

4.5.3.2. H thng bnh rng ca tr xoay, cc puli, dy cpphi c thng xuyn kim tra, cung cp m bi trn y .

4.5.3.3. Vic thay th dy cp cu (Dy cp nng cn-luffing wire v dy cp cu hng-hoisting wire) tu thuc vo tiu chun ra ca cng ty qun l tu, da trn tnh cht cng vic, loi hng ha chuyn ch, tuy nhin bt k lc no m thuyn trng xt thy dy cp khng m bo an ton th c th cho tin hnh thay th ngay.

4.5.3.4. H thng puli gm c puli cu hng, puli u cn, puli nng cn th ngoi vic bm m bi trn cn cn kim tra mc mi mn ca bc trc v rnh bnh xe. Cn thay th khi n b mi mn di mc cho php.

4.5.3.5. H thng bulng th c bit lu n cc bulng ca trng qun dy bn trong cu (Coupling bolt), khng c bt k mt bulng no b lng ra v n s ko theo cc bulng khc lng ra theo. Cn c k hoch kim tra hp l.

4.5.3.6. Gc ngng v gc h gii hn ca cn nn c nh du bng sn trng ln thn tr cu d dng kim tra.

4.5.3.7. Khng cho php cng nhn iu khin cu lng m hng khi ang cu v khng c iu khin kiu git cc gy stress ln thit b cu.

4.5.3.8. Sc nng an ton cho php (SWL-Safe Working Load) phi c ghi r rng ln thn cn mi ngi c th nhn thy c, trng lng ca mi m hng phi c bit chnh xc phng trng hp cu qu ti, c bit lu n trong lng ph tri do m ca hng ho (nh khi xp hng qung), p lc khi git cc do iu kin sng gi hoc do k thut ca ngi iu khin cu.4.5.3.9. 4.5.3.10. Phi theo di cn thn mn nc, ng sut, tnh n nh, hiu s mn nc mi li ca tu v ly s liu cui cng ngay khi kt thc lm hng. m bo rng tu c khi hnh vi: mn nc an ton; hiu s mn nc mi li thch hp; tnh n nh tt.

4.5.3.11. Kim tra m bo cc dy buc tu cng u, khng qu cng v cng khng qu chng.

4.5.3.12. m bo tu khng b nghing qu mc.

4.5.3.13. m bo hng c sp xp an ton v chng buc y

4.5.3.14. m bo cc thit b ng cu s c chng nhim sn sng s dng.

4.5.3.15. m bo tun th cc quy nh ca cng.

4.5.3.16. m bo h thng cu ho sn sng s dng.

4.5.3.9. Xp hng container

Thuyn trng v i ph phi thu xp duy tr trc ca nghim ngt trong thi gian hot ng xp hng m bo hng ho a ln tu c xp ng theo s xp hng tho thun.

S quan trc ca phi phi hp vi cn b gim st xp hng m bo container c xp ng theo s xp hng thng nht. Mi hng dn ca i ph cng vi cc lu trong khi xp hng phi c ghi vo "S ghi hng ho".

i ph phi m bo lun lun c s quan boong trc ca cng vi s thy th thch hp trong khi lm hng.Khi xp cc container, s quan trc ca phi ch n tnh trng ca cc container xc nh xem c khim khuyt no cc container nh h hng, bin dng, bt inh tn, r st hoc khng sc bn...hay khng, trnh mi r r v/hoc h hng cho hng ho. Mi khi pht hin thy loi khim khuyt nh vy, s quan trc ca phi bo co cho i ph v thuyn trng thng bo cho i din trn b c nhng hnh ng khc phc cn thit v ghi li s vic vo "S ghi hng ho".

Trong trng hp trong cng mt Bay xp ln ln cc container cho cc cng d khc nhau th s quan trc ca phi cho t cc stacker n ranh gii ca chng trnh nhng kh khn khi d hng.

i ph phi ch th cho s quan trc ca kim tra mi khim khuyt hm hng v mt boong nh l chng buc khng ng...v t chc khc phc khim khuyt ny.

i ph phi r sot tng khi lng thc t ca cc container mi Bay xem c nm trong phm vi sc bn np hm/boong v sc bn thit b chng buc khng, nht l i vi Row pha ngoi mn tu, nu thy c vn th phi thc hin ngay hnh ng hiu chnh nh chuyn dch hng.

Khi hon thnh xp hng, i ph phi m bo cc container c chng buc thch ng v tnh kn nc ca tt c cc hm hng, k c kn ca tt c cc ming hm, manhole, cc ng thng gi v bt k ch no khc m nc bin v nc ma c th lt dn vo cc hm hng.

D hng container

Thuyn trng v i ph phi t chc duy tr trc ca nghim ngt trong thi gian hot ng d hng m bo hng c d ng vi trnh t d tho thun, phi gim st cng nhn vn hnh ng cc thit b.

Trc v trong khi d hng, s quan trc ca phi tra cu s xp hng kim tra tnh chnh xc v s v v tr cc container d ri bo co ngay cho i ph, nhn vin theo di hng ho hoc i din trn b mi sai st.

Khi hon thnh d hng, i ph phi kim tra v bo m tnh kn nc ca tt c cc hm hng.

PH LC 1HNG MC KIM TRA KT CU KIM LOI CA CUHng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Kt cu kim loiBin dng, ntBt k s bin dng v nt no.Phi kim tra bng mt trn ton b chiu di pht hin bin dng, nt. Nu pht hin vt nt th phi kim tra li bng qui trnh kim tra bt t.

2. Kt cu kim loiHao mn- Chiu dy tm:

+ Gim 10% chiu dy ti mi im;

+ Gim 20% ti cc khu vc b hao mn cc b, cc khu vc ny ch l mt phn nh ca mt ct ngang ca kt cu.

- Mt ct:

+ Gim 10% din tch mt ct ngang i vi cc b phn quan trng trong trng hp s hao mn phn b u trn mt ct ngang xem xt.

+ Gim 20% cc b khi mt ct xem xt ch l b phn kt cu ph

- Cc b phn c mt ct ngang hnh trn:

+ Gim 3% ng knh ti mi im trn cc mt ct ging nhau.

+ Gim 5% cc b.- Phi tin hnh o chiu dy v so snh vi chiu dy ban u.

- Kim nh vin quyt nh s im phi do chiu dy ph thuc vo iu kin thc t.

- Cc im kim tra v cc gi tr o phi c ghi chp trn mt bn v phc tho.

3. Cc m trn cn, ct, cu trc, cng trc.Bin dng, ntBt k s bin dng v nt no.Phi kim tra k c th pht hin bin dng, nt. Nu pht hin vt nt th phi kim tra li bng qui trnh kim tra bt t.

4. Cc m trn cn, ct, cu trc, cng trc.Hao mn10% tnh theo chiu dy hoc 5% tnh theo ng knh bt k.Phi kim tra s hao mn sau khi lm v sinh sch phn g bn ngoi.

PH LC 2HNG MC KIM TRA DY CP TREO HNGHng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Dy cpt1. Nu bit s lng si cp:

a/ 10% s si trn chiu di = 8 ln ng knh.

b/ Ln hn 3 si lin nhau.Phi kim tra ton b chiu di cp pht hin s t si cp.

2. Nu khng bit s lng si cp:

a/ 5 si chiu di = 5 ln ng knh bt k.

b/ Ln hn 3 si lin nhau.

2. Dy cpXonBt k s xon vnh cu noPhi tin hnh kim tra pht hin cc dng xon.

3. Dy cpMnBt k s hao mn no trn b mt ca cc si cp bn ngoi ch cp b bp ln hn 3/4 ng knh ban u ca si cp.Phi tin hnh kim tra bn ngoi dy cp xem c b hao mn cc si bn ngoi khng.

4. Dy cpGim ng knh- 1,2 mm i vi cp ( < 19 mm;

- 1,6 mm i vi cp ( = 19 mm n < 32 mm;

- 2,4 mm i vi cp ( = 32 mm n < 38 mm;

- 3,2 mm i vi cp ( = 38 mm n < 51 mm;

- 4,0 mm i vi cp ( > 51 mm.Phi tin hnh kim tra o c ng knh dy cp v so snh vi ng knh ban u.

5. Dy cp Hng do nhitBt k s hng no do nhit gy ra.Phi kim tra xem dy cp c b h hng nhit do n kh, tia la in

6. Dy cpGPhi loi b cc dy cp b g bn trong. Cc dy cp b g bn ngoi c nh gi theo mc 3Kim tra bn trong dy cp bng cch lm l r b mt tao cp bn trong.

Kim tra bn ngoi bng mt thng sau khi lm sch g bn ngoi si cp.

7. u ct, mi bn hoc cc u ni cp khcBin dng/H hngTt c cc bin dng hoc h hng su di b mt.Phi kim tra cc u ni cp pht hin cc bin dng hoc h hng nh bp nt hoc rn nt.

8. u ct, mi bn hoc cc u ni cp khcLngTt c cc chi tit hoc u ni cp b lng.Phi kim tra cc khu vc st k u ni pht hin bn cht ca u ni vi dy cp.

PH LC 3HNG MC KIM TRA MC CU HNGHng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Thn mcHao mnLn hn chiu dy ban u 10% vng A; 5% vng B. (Xem Hnh v minh ha di y)Phi kim tra v o c s hao mn ca mc treo.

2. Thn mcXonBt k s xon no theo trc mc u phi loi bPhi kim tra thn mc pht hin bt k s xon no ca mc so vi trc mc.

3. Ming mc treoBin dngBt k s bin dng no ca ming mc treo.Phi tin hnh o khe h ming mc treo gia hai im tm quy nh v so snh vi kch thc ban u.

4. Thn mcNtBt k vt nt noPhi tin hnh kim tra pht hin cc vt nt bng mt thng. Nu pht hin thy vt nt th phi kim tra li bng quy trnh kim tra bt t.

5. Thn mcC kh/H hngBt k vt ct, kha hoc rnh nh hng n vic s dng an ton.Phi kim tra thn mc pht hin h hng c kh.

6. Phn c ren trn thn mc.Hao mnHao mn cho php ln nht ca ng knh phn c ren l 2,5 % ng knh ban u.Phi kim tra v o c s hao mn ca phn c ren trn thn mc treo.

7. Khuyn mcMoBt k s bin dng no ca khuyn mcPhi kim tra pht hin s bin dng ca khuyn mc, nu mc c khuyn treo.

Ti trng th (PL):

- Khi SWL 25 t: PL = 2 x SWL (tn).

- Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tn).

Ch thch:

Vic kim tra mi mc treo phi bao gm cc vic sau:

1. Kim tra kch thc. Tt c cc kch thc phi ln hn 95% kch thc ban u.

2. Thanh chng tut cp phi lm vic tt (nu c).

3. Phn ren trn thn mc phi sch v khng g (nu c).

4. Cc du phi d c.

5. Hao mn vt liu ti b mt lp bi khng vt qu 8% kch thc danh ngha.

6. Qui trnh th mc treo kp c nu trong Ph lc 13B.

7. Cc kch thc phi o c trong cc ln kim tra i vi cc kiu mc treo nu trong Ph lc 13C.

8. Mc treo phi c kim tra bng bt t khng di mt ln trong vng 2 nm.

PH LC 4HNG MC KIM TRA TNG V VT KO

Hng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Thn tng Bin dngBt k bin dng no lm thn tng khng thng hoc cn tr chuyn ng ca phn c ren.Phi kim tra pht hin bt k s bin dng c kh no hoc s khng thng ca thn tng .

2. Thn tng NtBt k vt nt noPhi kim tra bng mt thng pht hin cc vt nt c bit khu vc c ren. Nu pht hin c vt nt th phi kim tra li theo qui trnh kim tra bng bt t.

3. Thn tng Hao mn hoc h hngBt k hao mn hoc h hng no ca phn c ren.Phi tin hnh kim tra phn c ren trn trc tng bng mt thng pht hin hao mn hoc h hng ren.

4. u tng Bin dngBt k bin dng no lm u tng khng thngPhi tin hnh kim tra tng u tng mt pht hin bin dng hoc khng thng.

5. u tng NtBt k vt nt noPhi kim tra tng u tng bng mt thng pht hin vt nt. Nu pht hin c vt nt th phi kim tra li theo qui trnh kim tra bng bt t.

6. u tng Hao mn hoc hng ren.Bt k hao mn hoc hng ren no.Phi kim tra ren ca u tng pht hin h hng hay mn.

7. Thn v u tng Sa cha, thay i Bt k s thay i hoc sa cha no khng c c quan c thm quyn duyt y.Phi kim tra thn v u tng pht hin bt k s thay i hoc sa cha no khng c c quan c thm quyn duyt y.

8. Thn v u tng Kch thc sai tiu chun.Bt k s khai thc no ca hng mc so vi kch thc tiu chun theo SWL ng.Phi kim tra kch thc thn v u tng so snh vi kch thc tiu chun theo ti trng lm vic an ton ng.

Ti trng th (PL):

- Vt ko:

+ Khi SWL 25 t: PL = 1,5 SWL;

+ Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = 1,2 SWL.

- Tng :

PL = 2 x SWL (tn).

PH LC 5HNG MC KIM TRA KHUYN TREO V CC MT NI KHC

Hng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Cm chi titBin dng hoc xonBt k bin dng no so vi hnh dng ban u.Phi kim tra bin dng hoc xon ca cm chi tit so vi hnh dng ban u. iu ny c bit quan trng i vi khuyn treo hnh trn.

2. Cm chi titHao mnBt k hao mn no vt qu 5% kch thc ban u.Phi kim tra hao mn ca cm chi tit trn tt c cc b mt.

3. Cm chi titVt ct, m, rnhBt k vt ct, m hoc rnh no nh hng n bn ca cm chi tit.Phi kim tra cm chi tit bng mt thng pht hin cc vt ct, m v rnh, c bit nhng vt c cnh sc.

4. Cm chi titVt ntBt k vt nt no.Phi kim tra bng mt thng pht hin vt nt. Nu pht hin vt nt th phi kim tra li bng qui trnh kim tra bt t.

5. Cm chi titMnBt k s hao mn no so vi hao mn cho php (tc l > 5% kch thc ban u)Phi kim tra s hao mn ca b mt cm chi tit sau khi lm v sinh sch phn g bn ngoi.

Ti trng th (PL):

- Khi SWL 25 t: PL = 2 x SWL (tn).

- Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tn).

PH LC 6HNG MC KIM TRA MA N

Hng mcDng khuyt ttTiu chun loi bHng dn kim tra

1. Ma n, chtKch thc khng ngLoi b bt k ma n no khng ng chng loi.Kch thc ca cht v ma n s c kim tra so vi kch thc tiu chun tra bng theo ti trng lm vic an ton c ng (SWL).

2. Ma n, chtHao mnBt k hao mn ng knh no vt qu 5% kch thc ban uPhi o kch thc ma n v cht so snh vi kch thc tiu chun tra bng theo ti trng lm vic an ton. Phi kim tra s lp rp.

3. Ma n, chtBin dngBt k du hiu bin dng noPhi tin hnh kim tra ma n, cht pht hin cc bin dng/mo hin c.

4. Ma n, chtVt ct, kha, rnh.Bt k vt ct, kha rnh c cnh sc no.Phi tin hnh kim tra pht hin cc vt ct, kha, rnh lm gim bn ca chi tit.

5. ChtKhng ng chng loiBt k cht no khng ng chng loiPhi kim tra m bo rng cht ng chng loi vi ma n.

6. Ren trc/ Ren lMnBt k hao mn no gy bt nh ren.Phi kim tra hao mn ren ca c cht v l cht

7. L cht/L renS thng hngBt k s khng thng hng no.Phi kim tra m bo rng hai l thng hng.

8. Ma n, chtVt ntBt k vt nt no.Phi kim tra vt nt ti khu vc chu ti ca cht v ma n theo quy trnh kim tra bng bt t.

Ti trng th (PL):

- Khi SWL 25 t: PL = 2 x SWL (tn).

- Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tn).

TIU CHUN QUC GIATCVN xxxx : xxxx

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