SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4LI GII THIUTrongthi i ngynay, cngvi nnkhoahchini, cngnghhahc khng ngng pht trin v chim mt v tr v cng quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc.Cng ngh v hp cht cao phn tl mttrongnhngcng ngh in hnh, rt tiu biu v tc pht trin v phm vi sdng. Tuyra i c mun hn cc ngnhkhc,nhng kh nng ng dng ca n l v cng rng ln. Hu ht cc vt liu trong k thut v i sng ngy naycthay th bng nhiu loi vt liu mi c ch to t cc hp cht cao phn t.y l hng i mi m nhiu quc gia trn th gii nhn thy.V vy cc nh khoa hc khng ngng u t v nghin cu v lnh vc quan trng ny. Cc tm quan trng nh vy l v cc hp cht cao phn tcnhiutnh chtrt qu nh : bn c hc, n hi, cch m, cch nhit, cch in, nh v d gia cnghn kim loiBn cnh gi thnh li r.Do vic sn xut cc hp cht cao phn ttng hpcngnhccsn phm t n ngy cng gia tng ng k . Mt trong nhng loinhatnghp ph bin c sn xut nhiu l nha Polyvinyl Clorua (PVC).Nha Polyvinylclorua l mt trong nhng sn phm ra i sm ca nnsn xut chtdo . TrongcngnghsnxutnhaPolyvinyl clorua , tytheo phng php sn xut v thnh phn ca cc cu t tham gia m tacththu c mt s loi nha c t trng khc nhau nh : K - 58, K - 66 ,K - 71.Nha Polyvinylclorua c nhiu c imttnhnnhhahc, bnc hc, d gia cng ra nhiu loisnphm thng dng ( mng bao gi, o i ma, dp) v c bit l dngsn xutngchim ti 50% tng sn lng. Bn cnh nha Polyvinylclorua cn c dng bc dy in, lt nn, trn nh v cc chititcathitbcngnghiphahc Ngoira Polyvinylcloruang trnghpvicloruavinildencn c dng lm si tnghp . Chnhvthmvicthitknhmy snxutnha Polyvinylcloruartlcn thit. c bit l nh my sn xut nha Polyvinylclorua theo phng php huyn ph . l l do em chn tithitknhmysnxutnha Polyvinylclorua theo phng php trng hp huyn ph vi cng sut l 45000 tn/nm. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4PHN IL THUYT TNG QUANPHN M UGII THIU V POLYMER V TIM NNG S DNG1. Tm quan trng ca cc hp cht cao phn tHa hc cc hp cht cao phn t l mt trong nhng ngnh khoa hc pht trin nhanh nht. Vo nhng nm 30 ca th k xx, sau khi tch ring thnh mt b phn c lp ca khoa hc, ngy nay t c mt trnh pht trin cao. Cc ngnh ln nht ca cng nghip nh cao su, cht do, si ha hc, mng, sn v keo, vt liu cch in, giy hon ton da trn s ch bin cc vt liu cao phn t.V th cc hp cht cao phn t l nhng thnh phn c bn ca nhiu loi vt liu ch to m ng dng gn lin vi cc tnh cht c hc ca chng. Nhng vt liu phi c bn, n hi, rn cao v v mt ny ch c kim loi l c th cnh tranh c vi cc hp cht cao phn t.Cc hp cht cao phn t c s dng rng ri trong i sng cng nh trong k thut, t sn phm thng dng n cc sn phm ng dng trong cng ngh cao.- Cc hp cht cao phn t c ngun gc t thin nhin nh: xenlulo v cc dn xut ca n, du tho mc, gelatin, lighin c s dng trong sn xut giy, dt may, keo dn v sn.- Cc hp cht cao phn t tng hp th c ng dng rng ri hn nh: ng dng trong k thut in t, trong ch to my, trong sn xut t, trong xy dng, s dng trong hng khng v tr, trong cng nghip ha cht. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Nguyn nhn m cc hp cht cao phn t c s dng rng ri trong hu ht cc lnh vc l nh cc tnh cht u vit ca n m kh c loi vt liu no c kh nng snh c.- Hu ht cc hp cht cao phn t u rt nh, t trng ca chng u nm trong khong t 0,8 1,5. bn ring ln ( bn tnh trn mt n v khi lng)- Mt s hp cht cao phn t c kh nng cch m, cch in v cch nhit tt (cc polymer xp)- C loi c ma st ln, t b mi mn nn c dng lm m phanh xe(poly xenlulo, cc hp cht cao su). C loi c ma st b nn ng dng lm bc cc trc (terflon, poly etylen).- C loi bn vi axit, bn vi baz v cc loi dung mi nn c dng lm cc thit b cha ha cht. c bit c loi bn vi nc cng tan nh: poly tetra flo etylen.- Mt s c trong sut rt cao nn c ng dng lm knh t, my bay (poly metyl meta acrylat)- C loi c n hi cao nn c dng lm cc gi , cc vng m hay sm lp xe ( cc loi cao su)Bn cnh cc tnh cht cc hp cht cao phn t cn c mt tnh cht khng km phn quan trng l: d gia cng bng nhiu phng php cho ta cc sn phm a dng.Nhc im duy nht ca cc hp cht cao phn t l kh nng chu nhit km iu ny cng hn ch phn no phm vi ng dng ca n. Tuy nhin iu ny cng dn c khc phc khi ngi ta ang nghin cu cc cht ph gia v cc cht n lm tng kh nng chu nhit ca hp cht cao phn t ln rt nhiu.Cc hp cht cao phn t tn ti trong mt thi gian di v c cc tnh cht a dng. bn ca cc hp cht cao phn t c c l do linh ng ca cc phn t km v tc ca cc qu trnh khuych tn nh.Chnh t nhng l do trn m cc hp cht cao phn t c ng dng su rng trong tt c cc lnh vc to nn mt thi k mi: Thi k ca cht do ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4* Mt s bng s liu cho thy tm quan trng ca cht doBng 1: Sn lng ca cc ngnh nha v ch s bnh qun u ngi trong mt s nm qua ca nc ta.Nm Sn lng (tn) Ch s bnh qun u ngi (kg/ngi)1975198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000500005000066000850001100001400001900002800004000005000006250007800009500001,050,771,001,271,591,972,623,785,606,608,009,8012,2Bng 2: Ch s tiu th cht do tnh trn u ngi ti mt s nc trong khu vc v trn th gii nm 2000.Quc gia Ch s tiu th bnh qun trn u ngi (kg/ngi)IndonesiaPhilippinVit NamThi LanMalaysiaHn QucNht BnSingapo5,25,212,220,331,079,485,0105,5 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Mi Loan108,5144,0Bng 3: Thng k kh nng sn xut nguyn liu nha ca mt s nc nm 2000 (ch tnh cho 5 loi nha ch yu: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS)Quc gia Sn lng (triu tn)Nht BnTrung Quc Hn Qucn i LoanThi LanIndonesiaMalaysiaSingapoPhilippinVit Nam11,610,08,85,95,53,81,91,81,50,50,12. Lch s pht trin v nhu cu s dng nha PVCTrong tt c cc loi cht do, Polyvinylclorua l mt trong nhng loi ph bin, c s dng rng ri trn th gii bao gi cng chim t l cao. Tng sn lng PVC trn th gii vo nhng nm 1983 t 17500000 tnBng 4: Sn lng PVC trn th gii nhng nm 1983Khu vc Sn lng (nghn tn)Ty uTy bn cung bn cuTrung ngKhu vc khc5500500036002700700 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Tng 17500Nguyn liu sn xut nhaPolyvinylclorualvinylclorua.Nm1835Renl iu ch c vinylclorua t diclo tan un nng vi dung dch ru. Nhng mi n cui nm 1930 mi snxutcvinylcloruavnm1937mi btusn xut Polyvinylclorua trong cng nghip. Cng nghip cht do t nhaPolyvinylcloruaangvsphttrinrt mnh. Mng t nhaPolyvinylcloruac s dng rt rng ri trong i sng hng ngy. Vi mng mmPolyvinylcloruacngdngtrongnhiu lnh vc ( xem bng 5 ):Bng 5: Cc lnh vc ng dng ca mng mm PolyvinylcloruaLoi sn phm Phm vi s dng dy thng dngMng mm -o i ma.-Khn tri bn.-Mn, c trang tr0,1 - 0,17 mmMng thi kh -Phao, h bi tr em thi kh.- chi tr em thi kh.-Cc biu tng qung co 0,15 - 0,45 mmMng trong sut -Ti xch, cp, ba l, ti tin.-Quai giy, dp, bc th.-Baob cc loi tthngdngn chuyn dngLoi mng0,05 - 0,12 mmLoi dy0,13 - 0,5 mmBn thnh phm cho gi da.-Lp mt cho gi da-Lpbngchogida, giydp, ti xch, o khoc, gng tay0,05 mmCc phm vi ng dng ca mng cng Polyvinylclorua rt a dng trong cc lnh vc sau:-Y t : lm bao b cho cc sn phm y dc.-Thcphm:lm hp,khayng bnh,mt,ko,thcphmtisng ng hp nh tri cy, rau, c ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4-Cng nghip sn xut hng ha: lm bao b cho cc sn phm in t vn phng phm, chi tr em, cc mt hng gia dng-Cc loi ly, chn da( dng mt ln ).c bit Polyvinylcloruac s dng trong mt s lnh vc quan trng khc nh lm ng dn nc, bc dy in, si tng hpBng 6: Mc tiu th Polyvinylclorua bnh qun u ngi nm 2001 ca mt s nc trong khu vc nh sau: n v tnh: kgQuc gian Vit NamTrung QucMalaysiaThi LanHn QucMi LoanMc tiu th PVC0,8 1.5 2,1 5.5 6,2 17,1 20 43,5Trong nhng nm ti nhu cu s dng cc sn phm t nha tng ln rtnhanh, ngi ta c tnh mc tng trng nha Polyvinylclorua Vit Nam hng nm l 15% ( xem bng 6 ):Bng 6: D on t l tng trng trong thi k 2005 - 2010Nhm sn phm nhaNm 2005T l tng tng hng nm, (%) 2005-2010Nm 2010Sn lng (tn/nm)%Cho tng loi sn phm nhaT l tng trng bnh qunSn lng (tn/nm)%Bao b 500000 24 17 1100000 26 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H415Vt liu xy dng50000024 16 1050000 25Gia dng 730000 34 10 1200000 28Phc v cc ngnh cng nghip khc370000 18 18 850000 21Tng cng 2100000 4200000 p ng c yu cu , th vic thit k mt nh my snxutnha PVC l iu rt cn thit, nhth s trnh c tnh trng phi nhp nguyn liu cng nh cc sn phm t nha ca cc nc trong khu vc vo thtrng ca nc ta. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4CHNG 1L THUYT TRNG HP PVC1.1 c im ca phn ng trng hpQuang trng hp vinylclorua di nh sngmttrikhng c cht khi u xy ra chm nhng di nh hng ca nh sng t ngoi th nhanh hn. Nhit phn ng tng v thm peroxit th tng tc trng hp.Khng c O2 v cht khi u th nhit trng hp vinylclorua khng xy ra, nhng nu c O2 th polyme to ra tng i nhanh sau mt thi gian cm ng. Trong thi gian cm ng O2 kthpvivinylcloruatoraperoxit, peroxit phn hy thnh cc gc v trng hp.Phn ng trng hp rt nhy vi tp cht C2H2, CH3OH v C2H5OH, HCl lm chm nhiu vn tc qu trnh, cn stirol, hydroquinol, phenol, brom v KMnO4 lm ngng phn ng.Trng hp vinylclorua trong dung mi thng thu c polyme c trng lng phn t thp v vn tc phn ng gim. Nhiu trng hp dung mi nh hng n trt t sp xp ca cc mt xch dc theo mch phn t. Nu tin hnh trng hp vinylclorua trong iu kin trn 75oC th c kh HCl tch ra t Polyvinylclorua. Hin tng ny d xy ra khi c dung mi.Nghin cu trng hp vinylclorua trong khi (tc l trong pha lng) c cht khi mo th thy rng trng hp xy ra theo c ch chui gc bnh thng nhng c hai nt c bit:*Vntctrnghptngtlcbt uphnngnkhi gn50% monome chuyn ha. Hin tng gi l hin tng gel.* Vn tc trng hp monomer vinylclorua to PVC c gi tr ln hn rt nhiu so vitrnghp cc hp cht vinyl khc.C hai c im ny c ngha thc t. c im u l nguyn nhn khng n nh ca vn tc trng hp nh tng vhuynph. cimhai c nh hng ln ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4n trng lng phn tca polyme thu c. Xutphtt y m trong cng nghip, ngi ta thng iu chnh trng lng phn t ca polyme bng cch thay i nhit trng hp, chkhng phi thayinng cht khi mo.Ngoi ra iu chnh trng lng phn t ta c th thm vo cc hp cht c kh nng truyn mch hoc dng phng php nng c hiu lc ca monome trong h thng phn ng. Trng hp ny c th dng phng php trng hp vinylclorua trong nh tng p sut thp c ngha l thp thua p sut hi bo ha ca vinylclorua trong iu kin nhit nht nh. Lm nh vy tc gim nng monome trong pha nc, lmgimphn t lng v vn tc trng hp.1.2 C ch ca qu trnh trng hpC ch trng hp monomer vinylclorua to PVC l trng hp gc xy ra theo ba giai on:* Giai on khi mo to ra cc gc hot tnh:C th khi mo bng cc tc nhn khi mo nh dng nhit hoc nh sng, hoc dng cht khi mo nh : - ter-butyl peroxyneodecanoate - Di-2-etylhexyl peroxidecarbonateHay hp cht azo, diazo. giai on u cht khi mo phn hy di tc dng ca nhit hay nh sng to ra cc gc t do: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm OCH3OCH3 (CH2)3 C CH2 O C O CH3 OCH3O 2CH3(CH2)3 C CH2 O C O * CH3OCH32 CH3(CH2)3 C CH2 O * +CO2 CH3t02t0SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Gi R** Giai on pht trin mch:Cc gc ca cht khi mo s tc dng vi vinylclorua to cc gc tng ng. Cc gc ny tip tc tc dng vi vinylclorua thc hin phn ng chuyn gc (truyn nng lng) v do ko di mch trng hp ra.* Giai on ngt mch:S ngt mch ca phn ng gn lin vi s bo ho in t khng cp i, nn qu trnh ngt mch l kt qu tng tc ca hai gc t do. l s kt hp gia cc gc polyme vi nhau theo hai c ch: - Ti hp gc- Bt t phn- Ti hp gc: nu qu trnh ngt mch ca cc polyme theo c ch ny th kt qu thu c cht polyme c trng lng phn t ln ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm R*+ CH2 CH RCH2CH* Cl ClH HR CH2 C* + CH2 CHR CH2 CH CH2 C* Cl Cl Cl ClH R CH2 CH CH2 C* + ( n -1 ) CH2 CH Cl Cl Cl H R CH2CH CH2 C* nCl ClSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4- Bt t phn: qu trnh ngt mch xy ra theo c ch bt t phn th polyme thu c khng ng nht v c trng lng phn t thp.1.3 Cc phng php khi mo* Khi mo bng tc nhn nhit : cc gc t do xut hin di ca nhit. S to gc t do c th xem nh qu trnh m lin kt i.Tip theo lng gc ny tng tc vi cc phn t monome. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmHHRCH2CHCH2 C*+R1CH2 CH CH2 C*n m Cl ClCl Cl

R CH2 CHCH2 CH R1n+m+1ClClH HRCH2CHCH2 C* +R1 CH2CH CH2 C* nmClCl Cl Cl R CH2CHCH2 CH2+R1 CH2 CH CH2C

n mCl Cl Cl ClCH2 CH * CH2 CH *ClClun nng * CH2CH *+ CH2 CH * CH2CHCH2 CH * ClCl Cl ClSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Sau lng gc bin thnh n gc, polyme.Trng hp nhit xy ra rt chm v tc ph thuc nhiu vo nhit .* Khi mo bng tc nhn nh sng: cc monome hp th lng t nng lng nh sng v chuyn sang trng thi b kch thch, ri chuyn thnh lng gc t do.Trongtrnghpbng tcnhn khi mo quangha cng nhtrongtrng hp bng tc nhn l nhit, lng gc tip tc pht trin thnh n gc polyme.Khi khi mo quang ha, phn ng trng hp i khi vn tip tc mt thi gian na mc d d ngng chiu sng.* Khi mo bng tc nhn bc x:dng bc x ion ha (tia , tia rngen,dng in t gia tc) tc dng ln monome to thnh cc gc t do, khi mo cho phn ng trng hp. mc chuyn ha thp, trng hp bng tc nhn bc x tun theo quy lut ca trung hp bng tc nhn nh sng.* Khi mo bng tc nhn cht khi mo: s tng tc phn ng t c bng cch a cc gc t do t ngoi h. Cc gc c th a vo trng thi t do, hoc di dng hp cht d phn r trong iu kin phn ng to thnh cc gc t do.S phn r phn t cht khi mo thnh cc gc t do tiu tn nng lng nh hn so vi nng lng cn to gc t do bng cch hot ha trc tip monome. Bi vy a cht khi mo vo to cc trung tm hot ng v lm tng tc qu trnh trng hp.S tng tc ca cc monome vi gc (to thnh do s phn hy cht khi mo) l giai on phn ng c s u tin ca qu trnh pht trin mch.Cc cht khi mo c dng l cc peoxyt hu c, hydropeoxyt, ozonit, mt s hp cht azo v diazo ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCH2 CH+h* CH2 CH *ClClSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H41.4 Cc phng php trng hp vinylclorua to PVC sn xut Polyvinylclorua c nhiu phng php nh phng php trng hp khi, trnghptrongdungdch , trnghpnh tng v trng hp huyn ph.1.4.1 Trng hp khiL qu trnh trng hp monome khng dng dung mi. Polyme thuc dng mt khi ln.Phng php ny t c s dng trng hp Polyvinylclorua v sn phm thu c c trng lng phn t khng ng u, kh nghin v x l, kh dn nhit phn ng ra do gy ra hin tng nhit cc b lm phn hy Polyme to ra kh HCl v lm bin mu sn phm, sn phm polime dng khi kh gia cng. Tuy nhin phng php ny em li sn phm c sch cao v tnh cch in cao, c th dng sn xut vt phm trong sut. Phng php ny thng s dng to cc vt phm c hnh dng phc tp, sn phm to thnh c s dng khng qua cc qu trnh gia cng trung gian.Thnh phn ca hn hp phn ng l:- Monome(VC tinh khit):100 phn khi lng. - Cht khi u:0,02 0,1% so vi monome.Cht khi u: peroxit benzoyl hoc azodiazo butylronitril, cht khi u tan trong monome.u tin cho VCM v cht khi u vo, tin hnh khuy trn, gia nhit. Trng hp nhit 60 70 oC, p sut 7,5 8,5 atm, thi gian phn ng t 16 20 gi, vn tc cnh khuy 60 70 vng/pht. Khi p sut cn li 4,5 5 atm l c. Hiu sut chuyn ha ca VCM khong 85%. Tch VCM tha bng cch gia nhit v khuy trn mnh lm VCM bay hi. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H41.4.2 Trng hp dung dchDung mi s dng phi tr vi cc hp cht trong phn ng hn ch phn ng truyn mch.* Phng php th nht gi l phng php "vecni" trong mi trng phn ng l dung mi ha tan c c monome ln Polyme nh dicloetan, disunfuacacbon. Tch Polyme ra bng cch dng nc kt ta hoc chng ct tch ht dung mi.Phng php ny t c dng v qu trnh trng hp lu v tn nhiu dung mi, sn phm thu c c sch khng cao. Tuy nhin sn phmcaqu trnh ny c th em i sdng ngay cho cc cng on khc nh em i ko si to cc sn phm vi lt my mc.* Phng php th hai l tin hnh trng hp trong dung mi ha tan monome nhng khng ha tan Polyme nh axeton. Trong trng hp ny polyme dn dn tch ra dng bt mn.Phng php ny d iu khin nhit phn ng nhng do nng ca monome thp nn Polyme thu c c trng lng phn t khng cao.Qu trnh trng hp: dung mi c cho vo trc, sau cho vinylclorua lng ri cho cht khi u vo. Phng php ny tin hnh nhit thp (35 40oC).Thnh phn ca hn hp: - Monome: Vinylclorua dng lng - Dung mi: khng ha tan polyme (ru), hoc ha tan polyme (dicloetan). - Cht khi u hoc cht xc tc - Cht n nh nhit, n nh pH ( nu c ).1.4.3 Trng hp nh tngThnh phn hn hp phn ng gm:- Monome: VC tinh khit- Nc: lm mi trng phn tn to nh tng cha khong 30 60 % monome. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4- Cht nh ha: tng cng s to nh v lm n nh nh tng ca h thng, cht nh ha l cc loi x phng ca axit bo hm lng 0,1 0,2 %.- Cht n nh pH- Cht n nh nh tng (nu c).- Cht khi mo cho phn ng (h oxy ha kh H2O2 + persulfat) y cht khi mo tan trong nc v th phn ng trng hp xy ra khu vc tip xc gia vinylclorua v nc. Polyme to thnh trng thi nh tng trong nc nn cn phi tch polyme ra khi nh tng.Cht khi u thng dng l h oxy ha kh H2O2+ persulfat, kim loi kim. Cht nh ha l cc loi x phng axit bo, trietanol amin dng vi mt lng khong 0,1 0,5% trng lng nc. Lng cht nh ha tng th phn tn ht polyme tng lm thay i vn tc phn ng v trng lng phn t ca polyme.i vi trng hp nh tng, cht khi u khng nhng dng hp cht peroxit nginmcndnghoxyhakhbomvntctrnghplnhn(nhh persulfat amon vi NaHSO4v h H2O2-ion Fe2+). Ngoi ra cn thm mui m gi nguyn pH (thng t 4 n 9). Mui m hay dng l axetat kim loi nng pht pht, cacbnat kim loi kim. C khi cn dng thm c cht iu chnh iu chnh tnh cht v trng lng phn t ca polyme.u im ca phng php ny l c kh nng tin hnh trng hp lin tc. Nh khuy u v polyme tch ra lin tc nn sn phm rt ng nht, c trng lng phn t cao, qu trnh tin hnh nhit tng i thp v a phn tn thp. Polyme thu c dng latex nn phi tch polyme ra khi nh tng bng phng php sy hoc keo t bng cc cht in ly cloruaamoni. Bn cnh sn phm ca qu trnh ny dng lng nn kh vn chuyn, iu kin bo qun ph hp. * C ch trng hp nh tng.Cht nh ha khi tan trong nc nhit ln hn nhit ti hn ca cc mixen th cc phn t tp hp to thnh cc mixen. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Cc monome ha tan trong cc mixen. Cht khi u tan trong nc s phn hy to thnh gc, khi gc tin ti b mt phn chia pha tng tc vi cc monome th qu trnh trng hp xy ra. Trong mixen c mt gc hat ng, khi c hai gc th xy ra phn ng t mch. Khi c gc th ba xm nhp vo th qu trnh trng hp li bt u. Cc mixen ln dn ln to thnh latex th qu trnh dng li. Cc latex tch in ging nhau nn y nhau rt kh keo t, nn phi tin hnh ph cc latex bng cch dng cht in ly mnh nh: mui ca kim loi kim, axt mnh Sau khi keo t tin hnh tch polyme.* Qu trnh trng hp.Thot u dng nc nng a nhit phn ng ln 40 50 oC, p sut trong ni t 5 7 at, hn hp phn ng gm:VCM, cht nh ha, nc, cht khi u, cht iu chnh sc cng b mt, cht iu chnh pH. Thi gian hot ng 1 2 gi, sau phn ng trng hp ta nhit lm cho nhit v p sut trong ni tng ln, nn dng nc lnh iu chnh nhit v p sut trong ni. Phn ng kt thc khi p sut tt xung. Khi tng nhit phn ng t mch xy ra nhanh, cui cng mun tch polyme ra khi nh tng c th dng bin php sau:- Cho nh tng PVC lin tc qua thit b sy thng quay.- Cho latex lin tc phun qua h thng sy kh polyme.- Ly nh tng PVC qua thit bi ly tm, ri tin hnh sy kh polyme. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm Mixen dng bn Mixen dng cu(nhm k nc nhm a nc)SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4PVC dng latex c th dng ngay trng ln b mt vi, da, giy, hoc dng lm nguyn liu ko si 1.4.4 Trng hp huyn ph trng hp huyn ph ta cho vinylclorua lng phn tn trong nc, cht khi u tan trong monome nh:- Tert butyl peroxyneodecanoate- Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate- Di 2 etyl hexyl peroxydecarbonate- Peoxit benzoylBng cch chn cht khi mo hoc hn hp cht khi mo c th iu chnh c vn tc trng hp v trong nhiu trng hp nng cao c chu nhit v nh sng. tng bn ca huyn ph th s dng cht n nh l cc polyme tan trong nc nh polyvinyl alcol. Kch thc ht polyme thu c trong trng hp huyn ph ph thuc vo cng khuy trn v cht n nh em dng. Bng phng php trng hp git ta thuc huyn ph polyme, ht polyme thu c c kch thc ln hn rt nhiu so vi trng hp nh tng, v cht khi mo tan trong git monome nn qu trnh trng hp xy ra trong git monome (c th xem trng hp huyn ph l trng hp khi trong git). Khc vi trng hp nh tng, trng hp huyn ph tin hnh trong git monome c bao bc bi lp keo bo v. Bn cht trng hp huyn ph l trng hp khi. Ngi ta a ra c ch to thnh v pht trin ht polyme nh sau:* C ch to thnh v pht trin ht polyme trong trng hp huyn ph. Hnh (1) git polyme c lp bao n nh to thnh. Trong thi k u phn ng (2), nu kt thc qu trnh trng hp v tch ht monome ra th ta thu c polyme c b mt rt ln c ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmHh vSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4bao ph bi lp keo bo v. Tin hnh trng hp tip, kch thc ht polyme tng ln. Khi mc chuyn ha 20 30% th chng dnh vo nhau v hp li (3) to thnh khi nh rt xp (4) v c trng ln trong monome (5) ph hp vi thi im bin mt ca pha lnggit monome ban u (bt u gim p trong ni trng hp).u im ca phng php ny l polyme thu c c kch thc ht ln v ng u hn, tinh khit cao hn so vi polyme thu c t phng php nh tng. Do ht to nn d tch ra khi nc bng ly tm hoc lc.T bn phng php trng hp vinylclorua sn sut nha Polyvinylclorua trn. Nhn thy phng php trng hp vinylclorua trong huyn ph l u vit hn c do phng php ny to ra ht polyme c kch thc ln, ng u, d iu chnh kch thc ht, nhit phn ng trng hp thp (57 59 oC) cng nh thi gian tin hnh trng hp khng lu, hiusut trng hp tng i cao (86 89%). ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4CHNG 2NGUYN LIU TNG HP PVCNguyn liu chnh sn xut Polyvinylclorua l vinylclorua v mt s nguyn liu ph khc nh cht khi mo, cht n nh huyn ph, cht n nh nhit cht km hm Ty theo loi v hm lng ca cc nguyn liu ph ny m ta c th to ra c nhiu loi Polyvinylclorua khc nhau ( c trng hp trng hp khc nhau) v d nh:K-58( trng hp n = 700 ).K-66( trng hp n = 1020 ).K-71( trng hp n = 1270 ).Trong ba loi trn th loi K - 66 c s dng nhiu nht (chim khong 90 % ). Nh vy nh my ny s sn xut loi K66. Cc nguyn liu chnh sn xut loi nha ny gm c:2.1 Monome vinylclorua (VCM) Vinyl clorua l nguyn liu chnh sn xut Polyvinylclorua.Cng thc cu to:Khi lng phn t:62,5Nhit si tos =- 13,8 oCNhit nng chy tonc = - 153,7 oCT trng 58 oC: d = 0,899g/cm3 nht 35 oC: 0,18cpNhit hoa hi 35 oC: 75,2kcal/kg.oCChic sut n20D = 1,4046n40D = 1,398Nhit dung ring: 0,4kcal/kg. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCH2 = CHClSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 dn nhit: 0,116kcal/m. tan trong nc: 25,7mg/100ml 20 oCVCM to hn hp n vi khng kh gii hn 3,6 26,4% v th tch.Vinyl clorua nhit v p sut thng l kh khng mu, c mi ging mi ca clorofoc. Vinyl clorua tan trong cc dung mi nh axeton, C2H5OH, cc hydrocacbon thng v thm. Vinyl clorua c tnh c, khi tip xc nhiu c th gy ung th gan. Nng cho php ca n khi tip xc lm vic l 1 ppm trong thi gian 8h mt ngy sn xut. Khi tip xc vi vinyl clorua nng cao th n gy chong, mt n nh gy hn m c th gy bng da nu tip xc trc tip vi VCM.C th bo qun v chuyn ch vinyl clorua trong bnh thp chu p sut. Vinyl lorua cng c th bo qun nhit thp (-20 oC v thp hn) trong trng hp khng c cht n nh nu khng c O2 v di p sut kh N2 th c th bo qun nhit thng. Thng thm vo mt lng khong 5 ppm (so vi vinylclorua) cc cht nh hydro quinon, tert- bytil pirkatsin khi bo qun v chuyn ch.* Cc phng php sn xut vinylcloruaKh hydro v clo ca dicloetan bng dung dch ru kim.ClCH2 - CH2Cl + NaOH/CH3OH CH2 = CHCl + NaCl + H2OPhng php ny khng kinh t, tn nhiu NaOH, ru, thit b phi to nn rt t c s dng trong cng nghip.Clo ha tylen nhit cao.CH2 = CH2 + Cl2 CH2 = CHCl + HClHydro ha v clo ha C2H2

Xc tc s dng l Ni hay HgCl2 nhit cao. Phng php ny c hn ch l gi thnh C2H2 cao hn gi thnh ca etylen, nn t c s dng trong cng nghip.CHCH +H2+Cl2 CH2 = CHCl +HCl ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Nhit phn dicloetanVi xc tc Al2O3 nhit 500 550 oCClCH2 CH2ClCH2 = CHCl +HClQu trnh nhit phn dicloetan c th kt hp vi qu trnh hidro v clo ha, nu HCl to ra khi nhit phn cho vo ni phn ng khc kt hp vi C2H2. Phng php ny rt kinh t, dy chuyn sn xut n gin, nhng xc tc khng bn khng ti sinh c v nhit cao to ra sn phm ph nh C2H2, dienGn y c khuynh hng dng phng php ny l ch yu v c nhiu etylen k thut trong du m. Trong k thut hin i, ngi ta c th sn xut c vinylclorua nguyn cht n 99,5 99,99 %. V tp cht c th c mt t axetylen, nhng khng c c xt v n lm cho C2H2 d to thnh hn hp n gii hn 4,0 21,7 % th tch. Vinylclorua c tc dng kch thch, nng cho php trong khng kh ca phn xng l 1 mg/l. 2.2 Cht n nh huyn ph (polyvinyl ancol)Do phn ng trng hp tin hnh trong mi trng huyn ph vi mi trng phn tn l nc nn ta s dng mt s cht n nh huyn ph nh sau: Loi 1 (Agent - 1 ) Cng thc cu to ca n nh sau : trng hp n = 700.Cht lng: nht dung dch Agent-1: 4 % l 5,4 t0,4 cp ( 20 oC).Ch s x phng ha71,0 t1,5 mol.(% nhm OH).Thnh phn dbay hi3,0 % khi lng(ti a).Hm lng tro1,0 % khi lng(ti a). ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCH2 CHnOHSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4iu kin s dng:p sut np :10kG/cm2Nhit :nhit phng.Agent-1 c s dng dng dung dch c nng l 7,0 %.Loi 2 ( Agent - 2 ) Cng thc cu to ca n nh sau : trng hp : n = 2000 Cht lng: nht dung dch4% l32,0 38,0 cp ( 20 oC).Ch s phng ha 78,5 81,5 % mol. trong sut ca dung dch4% ti thiu 90 %.Thnh phn d bay hi 5,0 % khi lng(ti a).Hm lng tro1,0 % khi lng(ti a).iu kin s dng: p sut np :10 kG/cm2Nhit :nhit phng.Agent-2 c s dng dng dung dch c nng l 5 %.2.3 Cht khi mo (khi u)Cht khi mo c s dng vi mc ch to ra cc gc t do, cc gc t do ny s khi mo cho qu trnh chuyn mch ca monome t lm tng vn tc ca qu trnh phn ng. y ta s dng hai loi cht khi mo c nhit , thi gian phn hy khc nhau, nh th n c tc dng phn hy t t v u trong qu trnh phn ng. Nh vy qu trnh phn ng xy ra c n nh, m du v d kim sot qu trnh phn ng. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm CH2CHnOHSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H42.3.1 Cht khi mo 1 ( C-19 )Tn gi: Di-2-etylhexyl peroxidecarbonate.Cng thc phn t: Tnh cht vt l:Mu sc:trngTrng lng ring 0,928kg/l10 oC. nht1,3 poa 10 oC.1,7 poa -15 oC.n mn:khng.Kh nng ha tan: d tan trong nc.S phn hy: kh CO2, CO c to ra bi s phn hy C - 19 nhit phng. Phn ng oxy ha kh xy ra khi c tip xc vi kim loi nh l st.Kh nng chy: khng chy.N : khng.im chy: 72 oC.Chng chy: cc loi bt, bt dp la v lm lnh vi nhiu nc.iu kin s dng:Trng thi nh tng. Nng 60 %. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmC2H5 O CH3 CH2CH CH2 OCO 3 2SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H42.3.2 Cht khi mo 2 ( C-29 )Tn gi: CumylperoxyneodecanoateCng thc phn t :Tnh cht vt l:Mu sc: trngTrng lng ring 0,963 kg/m3 -15oC. 0,927 kg/m3 20 oC. nht5,6 poa 0 oC.18poa-15 oC.n mn:khng.N:khng.im chy: 49 oC Kh nng ha tan:d tan trong nc.Kh nng chy:khng chy.S phn hy: kh CO2, CO c to ra bi s phn hy C - 29 nhit phng. Phn ng oxy ha kh xy ra khi c tip xc vi cc kim loi c ha tr nh l st, mangan, ngChng chy: cc loi bt, bt dp la, v lm lnh vi nhiu nc.iu kin s dng:Trng thi nh tng.Nng 50%.2.4 Cht km hm(AD-3)Mc ch ca n cho vo nhm ngn chn khng cho phn ng xy ra. Tn gi: 2,2-Diphenyl propane. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm CH3O CH3 COO CCC6H13

CH3 CH3 SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 hoc 2,2-Di-p-hydroxyphenyl propane. hoc Diphenyl propane.hoc 4,4-Isopropylidene diphenyl.Cng thc phn t:HOC6H4 - CH3 - C6H4OHTnh cht vt l. Mu sc:bt mu trng.Mi:phenol nh.im nng chy : 156,6 oC.im si :217 oC.Nhit dung ring :0,35 cal/g/oC. tan : khng tan trong nc,tan trong ru vi t l 150,5 g/100 g etanol v dung dch kim pha long.iu kin s dng:Dung dch 10 % trong NaOH.Thuc nhm c c tnh thp, gy d ng da, kch thch i vi mt.2.5 Cht n nh nhit (AD-5)Cht ny c cho vo nhm mc ch trnh to bt, n nh nhit v ngn nga qu trnh phn hy ca Polyvinylclorua trong qu trnh gia cng. Tn gi: Octadecyl - 3 - (3,5- di - t - butyl - 4 - hydroxyl phenol) propionate.Cng thc phn t :Cht lng:Cht khng bay hi :50,0 t1,5% khi lng. nht 25oC:300 cp (ln nht). pH (dung dch AD -5 10% vi nc)7 t1,5. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCCH3

3HO CH2CH2COOC18H37 CCH3 3

SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4iu kin s dng:Trng thi nh tng.Tnh cht vt l:Mu sc: nh tng trng.Mi: khng mi.im nng chy:49 54 oC.im si:100 oC. tan ca btkhng tan trong nc.Cht rn phn tn:tan 26% khi lng (KL) trong axeton. tan 57% KL trong benzen. tan 57% KL trong CHCl3. tan 42% KL trong etyl acetate ( C2H5OCO-CH3 ). tan 31% KL trong hexane. tan 0,6% KL trong metanol.2.6 Cht bo qunCht ny c s dng vi mc ch ngn nga khng cho phn ng t trng hp xy ra trong qu trnh thu hi v lm tinh vinylclorua. Thng s dng cc cht sau:2.6.1 INH-1Tn gi :p-tert-butylcatechol.Cng thc: (CH3)3C C6H3(OH)2.Cht lng:im ng c 50 oC (nh nht).Tnh cht vt l:Mu sc:bt mu trng hay mu sngim nng chy:53,2 oC.im si:285 oC.im bt chy:129 oC.im bng chy:160 oC. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trng lng ring: D604 = 1,048 kg/m3. tan:tan trong metanol, hydro carbon clo ha.2.6.2 INH-3Cht ny c s dng vi mc ch ngn khng cho phn ng tip tc xy ra trong trng hp c s c nh in cp, p sut bn trong thit b phn ng tng ln t ngt m ta khng kim sot c qu trnh th cho cht ny vo.Tn gi: -metyl styrenCng thc phn t:C9H10Cng thc cu to:Tnh cht vt l:Mu sc:cht lng khng muTrng lng ring: 0,9062 kg/m3 ( 25 oC). nht:0,94 cp ( 20 oC).im nng chy: -23,21 oC.im si:162 oC.im bt chy:53,9 oC.Gii hn n:0,9% (trong khng kh ). ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCH3CCH2SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4CHNG 3CU TO, TNH CHT v NG DNG CA PVC3.1 Cu to Polyvinylclorua l nha nhit do,c cu to v nh hnh.Trong cng nghip c sn xut dng bt, t trng 1,38 1,4 g/cm3.Polyvinylclorua c trng hp theo c ch gc t do l s kt hp ca cc phn t theo "u ni ui" thnh mch pht trin. Trong mch phn t, cc nguyn t clo v tr 1;3. CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH ClCl ClNgi ta dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: ha hc, vt l, quang hc chng minh iu ny.V d:Kh Cl trong Polyvinylclorua bng cch un nng dung dch Polyvinylclorua trong dioxan vi bt km th thy c nhm cyclo propan c to ra.Ty theo iu kin kh Cl m trong Polyme cn li 13 16% Cl dng nguyn t Cl ring bit. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmCl Cl ClCl CH2CH CH CH2CHCHCH2

CH2 CH2 CH2 CHCH CH2 CHCH CH2+2ZnCl2 CH2CH22 ZnCH2CH CH CH2CHCH2 CHCH

CH2Cl CH2SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 trng thi khng ko cng th Polyvinylclorua hon ton dng v nh hnh v ch khi no ko tht mnh mi c kh nng nh hng mt phn nhng khng kt tinh.Trong phn t Polyvinylclorua cng c cu to nhnh nhng t, chim khong t 50 100 mc xch mi c mt nhnh.3.2 Tnh cht ca Polyvinylclorua Nhit ha thy tinh Tg: 75 80oC.Khi lng ring : 1,38 1,4 g/cm3.Gii hn bn ko: 400 600 kG/cm2.Gii hn bn un : 900 1200 kG/cm2.Gii hn bn nn: 800 1600 kG/cm2. bn va p : 70 160kG/cm2. gin di tng i: 10 15 %.3.2.1 ha tan ca polyvinylclorua Polyvinylclorua l polyme phn cc nn c th ha tan trong cc dung mi nh este, hydrocacbon clo ha, nitrobenzen. Tuy nhin Polyvinylclorua ch ha tan khi trng lng phn t thp, cn khi trng lng phn t cao th tan rt hn ch, nhit cao tan tng ln. tng ha tan cho Polyvinylclorua thng tin hnh bin tnh Polyvinylclorua nh ng trng hp vi vinylaxetat, vinylindeclorua hoc clo ha polyvinylclorua to thnh polypercloruavinyl.3.2.2 Tnh nhitH s gin n ph thuc vo loi lin kt gia cc nhm nguyn t hoc phn t ny v h s ny cng ln khi cng lin kt cng yu. gin n nhit ca Polyvinylclorua rt thp. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Bng I.1: dn nhit ca mt s vt liu:Vt liu H s gin n 10-6C-1 dn nhit W/moC Nhit dung ring 20oC (kJ/kgoC)PVC 50 -180 0,12 - 0,3 0,84 -1,25PS 60 - 80 0,10 - 0,14 1,34Thy tinh 3 - 4 1,25 0,71 - 0,84Thp 11 -12 55 0,437

Polyvinylclorua c nhit chy mm cao hn mt t so vi nhit phn hy. Khi 140 oC bt u phn hy chm v 170 oC th phn hy nhanh hn.Khi tng nhit , HCl sinh ra nhiu hn v n lm cho PVC xut hin mu, tnh tan ca Polyvinylclorua dn dn mt i theo phn hy ca n. Tnh tan ca Polyvinylclorua mt dn l do to lin kt ngang.V s i mu ca Polyvinylclorua do to lin kt i lin hp ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmHHH CH2C CH2 CCH2 C 3HClCH = CHCH = CHCH = CH ClCl Cl

CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH toCl ClCl CH CHCH2CHCH2CH+ HClCl Cl H HH HHHCH2CCH2CCH2C CH2 CCH2CCH2 C ClCl Cl HClCl Cl HH H H HCH2CCH2CCH2C CH2 CCH2CCH2CClClClClClCl SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4S phn hy polyvinylclorua khi un nng cng theo phn ng chui, trung tm bt u phn hy l nhng mch m c lin kt C H, C Cl yu. Nhng phn c th l nhng nhm cui ca mch i phn t.Khi trng hp polyvinylclorua theo c ch gc th vic c mch c th xy ra do phn ng truyn mch cho phn t monome hoc cho phn t polyme.

Trong trng hp truyn mch cho monome th phn t polyme c ni i cui mch cn truyn mch cho polyme th xut hin mch nhnh v phn t c cha cacbon bc ba. Cc lin kt i hoc cacbon bc ba trong mch lm nh hng n bn lin kt ca nguyn t cacbon bn cnh lm cho lin kt d b t bi i lc in t b gim v c th kch ng qu trnhphnhy to HCl. trong mi trng khng kh c nhit th s phn hy polyvinylclorua xy ra nhanh hn trong mi trng kh tr v khi c mt ca cc vt kim loi c ha tr thay i nh Zn, Fe th chng s xc tin cho qu trnh phn hy polyvinylclorua xy ra nhanh hn.Ph thuc vo thnh phn nguyn liu v mc ch s dng m ngi ta tin hnh gia cng polyvinylclorua 140 170 oC. Trong iu kin ny c xy ra qu trnh phn hy HCl, to mch polyvinylclorua c ni i v c khi to cu ni gia cc mch i phn t. tng n nh nhit cho polyvinylclorua ngi ta thm vo cht n nh nhit, cc cht ny c tc dng lm chm hoc km hm s phn hy polyme.Trong tt c cc loi cht n nh nhit th hp cht v c v c kim l quan trng nht v ngoi tc dng n nh nhit chng cn ngn cn polyvinylclorua khi b phn hy trong iu kin gia cng nhit cao v c kh nng bo v cc tnh cht vt liu trong thi gian di khi s dng vt liu. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmR CH2 CH CH2 HC* +CH2 CHnClClClR CH2 CHCH CH+H2C* CH2

nCl ClClSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H43.2.3 Trn vi cht do v cc loi nha khc gia cng v s dng Polyvinylclorua hiu qu th vic trn n vi cht ha do cngha rt quantrng. Cht ha dol cht nvi polyvinylclorua lmcho polyvinylclorua c bn un tng, lm gim tnh dn nhit thp, tc l lm gim nhit ha thy tinh, lm gim iu kin gia cng v tng thi gian s dng sn phm v polyvinylclorua l polyme mch cng, nhit cao mi n hi.Cc cht ha do l cc cht c cc, thng dng dng lng thng dng nht l cc este, phtalat, adipat, sebacat.*C ch ha do.Polyvinylclorua l polyme phn cc,polyvinylclorua cng t bin dng l do lc ni tigiacc phn t.Cc phn t ha do s chim v tr gia cc mch polyme lm tng khong cch gia cc mch v do lm gim lc lin kt gia chng.Khi un nng, chuyn ng ca cc phn t tng do lm cho cc mch phn t mm do, c th trt ln nhau lm cho polyvinylclorua mm ra.Ngoi ra polyvinylclorua cn c kh nng trn hp vi cc polyeste mch thng, cc nha alkyd, nha epoxi, polyformaldehyd.3.2.4 Tnh cht in Thng thng cc polyme trong c Polyvinylclorua khng c nhng phn t tch in. Do vy in tr ca polyme rt ln (1015 1018 m) v th Polyvinylclorua c dng lm v bc dy cch in.3.3 ng dng Ty theo cng dng m ngi ta s dng PVC-S (huyn ph) hoc PVC-E (nh tng). i vi trng hp nh tng, PVC sau khi trng hp xong tch n cn phi c ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nm CH2 C +H CH2C +H

CH2C +H Cl -Cl - Cl -

SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4mt lot ccthit b tinhtmi cththucht PVCsch, PVCthuctheo phng php nh tng c tinh khit khng cao, hm lng tp cht ln, v n c cht nh ha nn lm gim tnh cht c l nh n nh nhit, tnh cch in, n nh ha hc gim. Ngoi ra ngi ta nghin cu cho thy phn nhnh ca PVC-E ln gp 2 3 ln phn nhnh ca PVC-S. Do vy lm cho PVC-E c tnh cht c l km. Vy sn xut cc mt hng thng dng nh: ng, tm, sn phm chu mi trng ha hc, v bc cch in ngi ta dng PVC-S. Cn vi PVC-E ch thun li khi sn xut dng past v n b qua cng on tinh ch, tch polyme ra khi dung dch nh tng, ng dng ca n sn xut ra PVC xp, bin tnh lm mng sn, lm mng bo v cn trng ln vt liu g, vi giy, ngoi ra cn dng sn xut da nhn to. PVC-S c s dng rng ri trong sinh hot v trong cng nghip, ci thin mt s tnh cht c l ha v to iu kin gia cng ngi tao thm cc ph gia nh cht ha do, n nh nhit ..3.3.1 Sn phm t PVC khng ha do (Viniplat)Sn phm t PVC cng chu nhit tt ,cch in tt , n nh ha hc cao dng sn xut thit b ha cht nh thng, b cha, ng dn ha cht. Cc vt liu tm,cc loi vt liu chu n mn, c th lm c cc o thay cho Xenluloit v trong k thut thay cho Ebonit.3.3.2 Sn phm t PVC ha doNgoi cc thnh phn sn xut PVC cng ,cn dng cht ha do v ty theo yu cu v mm do ca tng sn phm m hm lng cht ha do khc nhau.Cht ha do c a vo ch to cc vt liu mu, mm, co dn nhit thp v qu trnh gia cng nhit thp cng d dng hn.Cht ha do c tc dng lm gim nhit ha thy tinh ca PVC, nhng ng thi lm gim tnh cht c l, tng gin di sn phm, tng lo ha cng nh km bn nhit cao nn ngi ta t dng PVC mm trong cng nghip ha cht. Cc sn phm PVC mm ch yu dng trong sinh hot hng ngy nh ng mm dn nc, mng mng lm khn tri bn, o ma, ca nc ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H43.3.3 Sn phm ng trng hp PVC (bin tnh PVC)Bn cnh bn ha, tnh cht cch in cao, PVC cn c mt s nhc im sau:- chy lng km nn kh gia cng bng phng php c c p sut.- Tnh ha tan km, ch tan trong mt s t dung mi.- Km n nh nhit nn kh khn khi thi gia cng.- Km mm do, chu lnh km.Nu dng ha cht do s lm gim tnh cht c l ca sn phm, do vy ngi ta tin hnh ng trng hp Vinylclorua vi mt monome khc.* Cht ng trng hp VCM vi Vinilaxetat (VA)y l cht ng trng hp quan trng nht. Nu lng VA cng nhiu, Polyme to thnh cn d ha tan d co gin, nhit ha mm thp, nhit ha thy tinh gim nhng vn gi c bn v cng. Thc t ngi ta ch dng sn phm c 15% mc xch VA.* Cht ng trng hp VCM vi Vinylidenclorua (VI)Nu copolyme c trn 70% VI va c tnh cht ca polyme v nh hnh li va mang tnh cht ca polyme tinh th. Copolyme co gin nhit thp, ha tan d dng trong dicloetan, este, dioxan. Tuy nhin copolyme km n nh nhit nn rt ngn gia cng, v vy sn phm c bn ha hc kh cao, dng lm ng dn axit.* Cht ng trng hp ca VCM vi Acrylo Nitril (AN)Tc dng ca AN ngc hn vi VA, y c tng s phn cc ca Vinylclorua. Ring polyacrylonitri khng chuyn sang trng thi do nn khng gia cng bng phng php c, nn khi thm VC vo th copolyme tng i co gin, c kh nng nh hng v ha tan trong axeton. Nh vy t dung dch copolyme trong axeton c th to thnh mng v si.* Cht ng trng hp VCM vi metylacrylat (MAC)Gi l clovinit, t l VCM/MAC = 4, dng lm mng mng trong sut, dng lm bn , v bc dy in. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4* Ngoi ra li dng tnh chng chy, khng bt la PVC, ngi ta dng n sn xut cc trang thit b an ton lao ng nh giy, ng, qun o bo h lao ng chng chy. Si PVC lm vi lt tng cch nhit, cch m, dng dt thnh vi lc, nht l bc nhng ht nh, l lng trong khng kh do nhim in. Ngi ta cn li dng tnh cht d b nhim in khi ma st ca si PVC dt thnh nhng chic o lt cho bnh nhn au khp v thn kinh, khi mc do c st, trn b mt vi to thnh nhng in tch m.Quanh chic o lt to thnh mt in trng yu v thng xuyn c tc dng tt ln c th ngi bnh. Li dngtnhchunhit kmcasi PVC,db coginnhit cao (70 75C) to thnh si qun, phnglm lng th nhn to ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4PHN IITNH TON K THUT CHNG 1TNH CN BNG VT CHTMc ch ca vic tnh cn bng vt cht l bit c lng cc nguyn liu cn cung cp trong qu trnh sn xut, t ta c th lp k hoch chun b nguyn liu d tr cng nh cho qu trnh sn xut ca nh my, trnh trnh trng thiu ht nguyn liu lm gin on qu trnh sn xut. Vic tnh ton cn bng vt cht cn gip cho ta xc nh chnh xc gi thnh ca sn phm trong qu trnh sn xut t iu chnh gi thnh ca sn phm cho ph hp v gip cnh tranh trn th trng. Ngoi ra, vic tnh cn bng vt cht s tnh c thit b c kch thc, trng lng l bao nhiu b tr v xy dng nh my t c chnh xc, an ton trong qu trnh lm vic.1.1 Thng s ban uTy theo loi nguyn liu v t l gia cc nguyn liu m ta thu c cc loi nha PVC c trng hp khc nhau v ngoi ta t cho chng cc tn gi khc nhau. V d trn th trng c cc loai nh K-58 th trng hp trung bnh l n = 700, loi K-66 c trng hp trung bnh n = 1020, loi K-71 th trng hp trung bnh l n = 1270. Qua cc s liu tham kho thc t trn th trng Vit Nam em nhn thy hn 90% nhu cu PVC c s dng v sn xut l loi K-66, do y em tnh ton cn bng vt cht v mi s liu em s dng cho loi K-66. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4n phi liu cho qu trnh sn xut PVC huyn ph loi K-66 nh sau:Tn nguyn liu Phn khi lngVCM 100H2O 100AG-1 566 ppm ( so vi VCM)AG-2 283 ppm ( so vi VCM)AD-3 40 ppm ( so vi VCM)AD-5 20 ppm ( so vi VCM)Cat-1 345 ppm ( so vi VCM)Cat-2 150 ppm ( so vi VCM)Ch lm vic ca nh my gm c - S ngy trong nm : 365 ngy- S ngy ngh sa cha v bo dng : 15 ngy- S ngy ngh l v tt : 5 ngy- S ngy sn xut ca nh my trong mt nm: 345 ngy- Hiu sut phn ng to nha: 87%- Tn tht do chun b nguyn liu* VCM : 0,2%* Ph gia: 0,1%- Tn tht trong qu trnh trng hp : 0,15%- Tn tht sau khi trng hp trc khi qua x l: 0,1%- Tn tht trong qu trnh tch VCM: 0,3%- Tn tht trong qu trnh ly tm : 1%- Tn tht trong qu trnh sy: 1%- Tn tht trong qu trnh sng: 0,7%- Tn tht trong qu trnh ng bao: 0,2%- m ca PVC sau khi ly tm trc khi sy: 29%- m ca PVC sau khi sy: 0,3%Trnh t cc bc din ra trong qu trnh phn ng nh sau:Qu trnh Thi gian (pht) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trng lp mng mng (RCS) 15Np liu 45Gia nhit 45Phn ng 220Gim p 80Tho liu 50Tng thi gian 455Nh vy: tng thi gian hon thnh mt chu k sn xut l:455 + 5=460 pht (hay 7,6667 gi)Trong 5 pht l thi gian ra thit b sau tng m sn xut.1.2 Qu trnh tnh tonTnh cn bng vt cht cho mt tn sn phmCng sut ca nh my l 45000 tn/nm, do cng sut tnh theo mi gi sn xut l:4348 , 524 34545000x (tn/gi.)Trong mt tn sn phm do m ca PVC sau khi sy l 0,3% nn lng PVC kh tuyt i l:997100) 3 , 0 100 .( 1000 ( kg )Do tn tht trong qu trnh ng bao l 0,2% nn lng PVC thu c trc khi ng bao l:998 , 9982 , 0 100100 997x(kg)Lng nha tn tht l:998,998 997=1,998 (kg)Do tn tht trong qu trnh sng l 0,7% nn lng nha PVC kh thu c trc khi sng 0403 , 10067 , 0 100100 998 , 998x (kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Lng nha tn tht trong qu trnh sng l:1006,0403998,998 = 7,0423 (kg)Do tn tht trong qu trnh sy l 1% nn lng nha PVC kh thu c trc khi sy: 2023 , 10161 100100 0403 , 1006x (kg)Lng nha tn tht trong qu trnh sy l:1016,2023 1006,0403= 10,162(kg)Hm m ca PVC trc khi sy v sau khi ly tm l 29% do lng PVC m sau khi ly tm v trc khi sy l:271 , 143129 100100 2023 , 1016x(kg)Lng nc tch ra trong qu trnh sy l1431,271 1016,2023= 415,069 (kg)Do tn tht trong qu rnh ly tm l 1% nn lng PVC kh thu c trc khi ly tm l:467 , 10261 100100 2023 , 1016x (kg)Lng nha tn tht khi ly tm l:1026,467 1016,2023 = 10,2647 (kg)Do tn tht trong qu trnh x l tch VCM l 0,3% nn lng nha thu c trc khi x l l:5556 , 10293 , 0 100100 467 , 1026x (kg)Lng nha tn tht trong qu trnh x l tch VCM1029,55561026,46=3,0887(kg)Do tn tht sau khi trng hp trc khi qua x l ng i vi nha l 0,1% nn lng nha thu c sau trng hp:5862 , 10301 , 0 100100 5556 , 1029x (kg)Long nha tn tht sau khi trng hp trc khi qua x l1030,58621029,5556=1,0306(kg)Vy tng lng nha kh tuyt i tn tht trong sut qu trnh sn xut1030,5862 997=33,5862(kg)Lng VCM cn thit sn xut ra mt tn PVC sn phm l: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H45811 , 1030015 , 0 0345 , 0 100100 5862 , 1030+ +x (kg)Do hiu sut phn ngchuyn ha VCM thnh PVC l 87% nn lng VCM thc t cn phi c: 576 , 118487100 5862 , 1030x (kg)Lng VCM khng tham gia phn ng l :1184,576 1030,5811=153,995(kg)Do tn tht trong qu trnh phn ng l 0,15% nn lng VCM cn c l:3555 , 118615 , 0 100100 576 , 1184x (kg)Lng VCM tn tht trong qu trnh phn ng l:1186,3555 1184,576=1,7795(kg)Do tn tht trong qu trnh chun b nguyn liu VCM l 0,2% nn lng VCM thc t s dng 733 , 11882 , 0 100100 3555 , 1186x (kg)Lng VCM tn tht trong qu trnh chun b nguyn liu1188,7331186,3555=2,3775(kg)Lng VCM 99,96% thc t cn sn xut l:2087 , 118996 , 99100 733 , 1188x (kg)* Khi lng cc ph gia tham gia vo qu trnh phn ng 67047 , 01000000576 , 1184 5661 xM AG(kg)33524 , 01000000576 , 1184 2832 xM AG (kg)04738 , 01000000576 , 1184 403 xM AD(kg)02369 , 01000000576 , 1184 205 xM AD(kg)40860 , 01000000576 , 1184 3451 xMCat(kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H417769 , 01000000576 , 1184 1502 xMCat(kg)Nhng do tn tht trong qu trnh chun b nguyn liu i vi cc ph gia l 0,1% nn khi lng thc t ca cc ph gia cn chun b cho mt tn sn phm l67114 , 01 , 0 100100 67047 , 01xM AG (kg)33557 , 01 , 0 100100 33524 , 02xM AG (kg)04743 , 01 , 0 100100 04738 , 03xM AD (kg)02372 , 01 , 0 100100 02369 , 05xM AD (kg)4091 , 01 , 0 100100 4086 , 01xMCat (kg)17786 , 01 , 0 100100 0177692xMCat (kg)Trong cc ph gia s dng ngoi cht khi u (Cat-1, Cat-2) v AD-5 trng thi nh tng. Cn Agent-1, Agent- 2 v AD-1 dng rn, nn trc khi cho vo hn hp phn ng c ha tan trong nc to dung dch vi Agent-1 c nng 7%, Agent-2 c nng 5%, cn AD-5 ha chung vi NaOH theo t l 4/3 thu c dung dich c nng 10%Lng nc dng ha tan Agent-1 to dung dich c nng 7%91666 , 8% 7%) 7 % 100 ( 67114 , 0 x (kg)Lng nc dng ha tan Agent-2 to dung dch c nng 5%3758 , 6% 5%) 5 % 100 ( 33557 , 0 x(kg)Lng NaOH dng ha tan cng vi AD-53162 , 034 02372 , 0x (kg)Lng nc dng ha tan AD-5 v NaOH to dung dch c nng 10%2846 , 0% 10%) 10 % 100 ( 3162 , 0 x (kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Ta c :Khi lng ring ca VCM l 899 kg/m3 nhit phn ng l 58 oC Khi lng ring ca PVC l 1400 kg/m3Do khi phn ng trng hp VCM thnh PVC xy ra th s gy ra hin tng gim th tch trong ni phn ng gim th tch trong mt tn PVC c tnh theo cng thc sau41 , 01400189915811 , 10301 1 ,_

,_

x x M VPVC VCMVCM giam (m3)Nh vy ta cn phi b sung thm mt lng nc l 0,41 m3 vo trong qu trnh phn ng m bo gi tr H/D khng i (H: chiu cao ct cht lng trong thit b, D ng knh thit b)Khi lng nc b sung O HM2 =Vgim x= 0,41x1000=410(kg)Theo l thuyt th lng nc ly vo bng vi lng VCM ban u nn ta cMnc = 1189,2087(kg)Tng lng nc dng trong qu trnh phn ng Mnc = 410+1189,2087=1599,4432(kg)Lng nc thc t cho vo ni phn ng lc uMnc = 1599,4432 (8,9166 + 6,3758 + 0,2846) = 1583,8662(kg)Ta c tinh khit ca VCM l 99.96%, do cn li 0.04% l tp cht v i ra theo nc nn khi lng ca 0.04% tp cht ny lMtp cht=4122 , 010004 , 0 5811 , 1030x(kg)Khi lng nc i raMnc =1599,4432+0,4122-3=1596,8554(kg)Trong 3 kg l khi lng nc cn d li trong nha ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Bng II.1Bng cn bng vt cht cho mt tn sn phmSTT Tn nguyn liuu vo (kg) u ra (kg)Lng vo Tham gia Lng ra Tn hao1 VCM 1189,2087 1030,5811 155,7744 4,1572 H2O 1599,4432 3 1596,4432 03 NaOH 0,3162 0 0,3162 04 AG-1 0,67114 0 0,67047 0,0006715 AG-2 0,33557 0 0,33524 0,0003366 AD-3 0,04743 0,04738 0 0,0000477 AD-5 0,02372 0,02369 0 0,0000248 Cat-1 0,4091 0,4087 0 0,0004099 Cat-2 0,1779 0,1777 0 0,00017810 PVC 0 0 1000 33,586211 Tng cng : 2790,3483 1034,2386 2753,2549 37,7449Bng II.2Bng cn bng vt cht cho mt gi sn xut(Ta nhn bng cn bng vt cht ca mt tn sn phm vi h s 5,3571tn/gi)STT Tn nguyn liuu vo (kg) u ra (kg)Lng vo Tham gia Lng ra Tn hao1 VCM 6463,0907 5600,9844 846,6001 22,59242 H2O 8692,626 16,3043 8676,3217 03 NaOH 0,1718 0 0.1718 04 AG-1 3,6475 0 3,6439 0,00365 AG-2 1,8238 0 1,8219 0,001826 AD-3 0,2578 0,2575 0 0,0002587 AD-5 0,1289 0,1288 0 0,0001298 Cat-1 2,2233 2,2211 0 0,002229 Cat-2 0,9667 0,9657 0 0,0009710 PVC 0 0 5434,7826 182,533811 Tng cng : 15164,9365 5620,8618 14963,342 205,1353Bng II.3Bng cn bng vt cht cho mt chu k sn xut ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4(Ta nhn bng cn bng vt cht ca mt gi sn xut vi h s 7,6667 gi)STT Tn nguyn liuu vo (kg) u ra (kg)Lng vo Tham gia Lng ra Tn hao1 VCM 49550,3619 42940,8801 6490,6006 173,20832 H2O 66643,4661 125 66518,4661 03 NaOH 1,3175 0 1,3175 04 AG-1 27,9642 0 27,9363 0,0285 AG-2 13,9821 0 13,9681 0,0146 AD-3 1,9763 1,9743 0 0,001987 AD-5 0,9881 0,9871 0 0,000998 Cat-1 17,0453 17,0283 0 0,0179 Cat-2 7,411 7,4036 0 0,007410 PVC 0 0 41666,6667 1399,42611 Tng cng : 116264,5126 43093,2734 114718,9552 1572,7037Bng 4Bng cn bng vt cht cho mt ngy sn xut(Ta nhn bng cn bng vt cht ca mt gi sn xut vi h s 24 gi)STT Tn nguyn liuu vo (kg) u ra (kg)Lng vo Tham gia Lng ra Tn hao1 VCM 155114,1764 134423,6247 20318,40178 542,21732 H2O 208623,0243 391,3043 208231,7199 03 NaOH 4,1244 0 4,1244 04 AG-1 87,5402 0 87,4526 0,08755 AG-2 43,7701 0 43,7263 0,04386 AD-3 6,1866 6,1804 0 0,00627 AD-5 3,0933 3,0902 0 0,00318 Cat-1 53,3593 53,3059 0 0,05349 Cat-2 23,1997 23,1765 0 0,023210 PVC 0 0 128571,4286 4185,724811 Tng cng : 363958,4741 134900,682 359120,2076 4923,2462Bng 5Bng cn bng vt cht cho mt nm sn xut(Ta nhn bng cn bng vt cht ca mt ngy vi h s 350)STT Tn nguyn liuu vo (kg) u ra (kg)Lng vo Tham gia Lng ra Tn hao1 VCM 53514390,85 46376150,50867009848,6149 187064,9689 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H42 H2O 72947457,7832 135000 72812457,783203 NaOH 1422,9141 0 1422,9141 04 AG-1 30201,3521 0 30171,1508 30,20145 AG-2 15100,6761 0 15085,5754 15,10076 AD-3 2134,3712 2132,2368 0 2,13447 AD-5 1067,1856 1066,1184 0 1,06728 Cat-1 18408,9514 18390,5424 0 18,4099 Cat-2 8003,8919 7995,888 0 8,003910 PVC 0 0 45000000 1511380,0706 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 CHNG 2TNH TON THIT B CHNH2.1 Quy cch thit b- Thn thit b: thn hnh tr- y np Elip c g c hn lin thn- Bn trong c cnh khuy loi tuc bin ba cnh- Trc cnh khuy i t y thit b- Ca tho liu y nhng chch tm y - V bc ngoi un nng hay lm lnh- Trn thit b l b phn ngng t- Thn ni c hn vi chn v c gia c bi dm lin kt - Vt liu lm ni chu p sut cao, chu n mn, bn trong c m bng Crm2.2 Tnh th tch ca nguyn liu trong mt chu k sn xut Th tch ca VCM trong mt chu k sn xut c tnh theo cng thc sau:117 , 558993619 , 49550 VCMVCMVCMmV m3C 1000 kg bt PVC th cn mt lng nc l: 1189,209 kg (lng nc ly bng lng VCM tham gia ban u)Vy sn xut c lng nha PVC trong mt chu k sn xut (41666,667) th cn lng nc:362 , 495501000667 , 41666 209 , 11892 xMO H kgTh tch nc cn dng l 55 , 491000362 , 49550222 O HO HO HmV m3 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Ta c khi lng ring cc ph gia thm vo trong qu trnh phn ng l:AG-1 = 1,21x103 kg/m3 v AG-2 = (1,191,3)x103 kg/m3AD-3 = 1000 kg/m3 , Cat-1 = 990 kg/m3 v Cat-2 = 942 kg/m3Do AG-1 v AG-2 c ha tan trong nc vi nng thp nn ta c th cho khi lng ring ca AG-1 bng khi lng ring ca AG-2 l 1200 kg/m3Th tch ca cc thnh phn ph gia023 , 012009642 , 27111 AGAGAGmV m3012 , 012009821 , 13222 AGAGAGmV m3002 , 010009763 , 1333 ADADADmV m3017 , 09900453 , 17111 CCCmV m3 008 , 0942411 , 7222 CCCmV m3Tng th tch ca nguyn liu ban u Vnl = VVCM+ Vnc + VAG-1 + VAG-2 + VAD-3 + VCat-1 + VCat-2= 55,117 + 49,55 + 0,023 + 0,012 + 0,002 + 0,017 + 0,008= 104,729 m32.3 Tnh th tch ca thit b phn ng (Vtb)Th tch thit b c tnh theo cng thc sau:nltbVV Vi l h s y ca thit b phn ng v 0,6 0,7Ta chn = 0,65Th tch ca thit b phn ng l122 , 16165 , 0729 , 104 tbV m3 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H42.4 Tnh chiu cao v ng knh thit b phn ngChn loi thit b c thn hnh tr, y v np c hnh dng elip. Trn np thit b c gng thit b ngng t dng ng chm, cnh khuy c gn pha di y thit b .Ta c cng thc tnh th tch ca thit b nh sau:3 22. .32. 2 .2. ,_

+ ,_

DHDVtb (1)ViD ng knh ca thit b (m)H chiu cao ca thn hnh tr (m)h chiu cao ca y v np thit bTa chn thit b phn ng c t s 4 , 1 DH; 4Dh Thay H = 1,4.D vo phng trnh (1) ta c8..344.. 4 , 12. .32. 2 . 4 , 1 .2.3 33 2D D DDDVtb + ,_

+ ,_

3 3. 623 , 1 . . 517 , 0 D D Vtb 63 , 4623 , 1122 , 161623 , 13131 ,_

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tbVD(m)Suy ra:Chiu cao ca thn thit b hnh trH = 1,4.D=1,4 . 4,63 =6,482 (m)Chiu cao phn li ca np v y thit b158 , 1463 , 44 Dh(m)Chiu cao ca thit b phn ng lHtb = H + 2.h = 6,482 + 2.1,158 = 8,798(m)Vi chiu cao v ng knh ca thit b nh trn th ta kh ch to c thit b v kh khn trong qu trnh lp t, do ta chn 4 thit b phn ng.Th tch ca mi thit b phn ng l ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4281 , 404122 , 161 TBV(m3)ng knh ca mt thit b phn ng 917 , 2623 , 1281 , 40623 , 13131 ,_

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TBtbVD(m) Qui chun D = 3mChiu cao thn hnh tr ca thit bHt = 1,4.D = 1,4.3 = 4,2 (m)Chiu cao ca y v np thit b75 , 0434 Dh (m)2.5 Tnh chiu dy thit b phn ng 2.51 Tnh chiu dy thn thit Thit b c thn hnh tr, cc chi tit c hn vi nhau, lm vic chu p sut cao. Do ta chn vt liu l thp khng g, c bn ha hc v bn c nhit. l thp X18H10T.Lu :-ng hn cng ngn cng tt.-Ch hn gip mi.-B tr cc ng dc cch nhautnht l 100 mm.-Hn v tr d quan st.-Khng khoan l qua mi hn.Theo cng thc XIII.8 [STQTTB.T2 - Trang 360], chiu dy thn hnh tr l:CPP DSt+ . . 2.[1]Trong :Dt: l ng knh trong ca thit b Dt = 3 (m): h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dcC : h s b sung do n mn, , bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy, (m) . P- p sut bn trong thit b, N/m2. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Theo bng XII.4 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 309 310 ] thp X18H10T c :Chiu dy tm thp 30 50 mm.Gii hn bn ca thp ta c: k = 550.106N/m2 (gii hn bn khi ko)ch= 220.106N/m2 ( gii hn bn chy)Theo cng thc XIII.1 -2 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 355 ] ng sut cho php ca thp theo gii hn bn c xc nh nh sau:[ ] .kkknN/m2[ ] .chchchnN/m2Vi nk, nch : h s an ton theo gii hn bn ko v gii hn chy : h s iu chnhTra bng XIII.2,3 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 356 ]. nk = 2,6 nc = 1,5 = 0,9Vy:[ ]6610 . 385 , 190 9 , 0 .6 , 210 . 550 kN/m2[ ]6610 . 132 9 , 0 .5 , 110 . 220 cN/m2Ta ly gi tr b hn trong hai kt qu va tnh c ca ng sut tnh ton tip. Ly = 132.106 N/m2.: ph thuc vo phng php hn v ng knh.Tra bng XIII.8[ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 362 ], chn = 0,9.i lng b sung:C = C1 + C2 + C3 (m).Trong : ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4C1- B sung do n mn, xut pht t iu kin n mn ca mi trng v thi gian lm vic ca thit b. i vi vt liu rt bn, ta c th ly C1 = 1 mm ( tnh theo thi gian lm vic t 15 20nm). C2 - i lng b sung do haomn, ilngny cchn theo thc nghim. Chn C2 = 0. C3 - i lng b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, ly0,8mmNh vy: C = 1 + 0,8 = 1,8 mm.Do mi trng ca ta l hn hp hi (kh) - lng. Nn p sut lm vic (P) bng tng ca p sut hi ( Pmt= 8,6 kg/cm2 ) v p sut thy tnhP1ca ct cht lng.Theo cng thcXIII.10 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 360 ]psutthytnhcact cht lng c xc nh nh sau :P1 = g.1.H1 N/m2

Trong : g- gia tc trng trng, 9,81 m/s2. 1 - khi lng ring ca hn hp, kg/m3.Khi lng nc b sung trong mt m phn ng l:276 , 427346667 , 7 . 4348 , 5 . 2345 , 410 bxm(kg)Khi lng ca hn hp khng tnh lng nc b sung trong mt m phn ng l: 825 , 24792 276 , 427345126 , 116264Vom (kg)Vy khi lng ring ca hn hp:Th tch nguyn liu ca mt thit b phn ng l182 , 264729 , 104 nlV (m3)

928 , 946182 , 26825 , 247921 nlVm (kg/m3)Ta c th tch nguyn liu cha phn y thit b phn ng: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4069 , 7123 . 1416 , 312.2. .323 33 ,_

D DVy (m3)Nh vy th tch ca nguyn liu khng k phn y l:Vthn = Vnl - Vy = 26,182 7,069 = 19,114(m3)Mt khc:704 , 23 . 14 , 3114 , 19 . 4.. 4.2.2 22 ,_

DVH HDVthnthn(m)Nh vy chiu cao ca hn hp bn trong thit phn ng l:H1= Hp+h=2,704+ 0,75 = 3,454(m)P1= g. .H1= 9,81.946,926.3,454=0,321.105 (N/m2)Pmt= 0,86 kg/cm2 =0,86.9,81.105 = 8,437.105 (N/m2)P= Pmt+P1=0,321.105+8,437.105 =8,7575.105(N/m2)Xt gi tr mu s ca biu thc sau ta c:CPP DSt+ . . 2.50 656 , 135 9 , 0 .10 . 7575 , 810 . 132.56> P nn thun tin cho qu trnh tnh ton ta b qua gi tr ca i lng P mu s ca phng trnh trn Suy ra:[ ]0129 , 0 10 . 8 , 19 , 0 . 10 . 132 . 210 . 7575 , 8 . 3. 2.365 + + CP DSt (m) Quy chun ly S =14 (mm)Kimtrangsutcathnhthitb theopsutththylcbngcngthc XIII.26 [STQTTB.T2 Trang 365 ].( ) [ ]( )2/2 , 1 . 2.m NC SP C S Dch o t + XIII.26 [STQTTB.T2-Trang 365]Trong : Po l p sut thtnhton. Pocxcnhtheocngthc:1 th oP P P + N/m2Vi: P1 = 0,544.105 N/m2 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 Pth - p sut th thy lc ly theo bng XIII.5 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 358 ] 5 510 . 947 , 10 10 . 7575 , 8 . 25 , 1 . 25 , 1 P PthN/m2.

6 5 510 . 149 , 1 10 . 544 , 0 10 . 947 , 10 + oPN/m2.( ) [ ]( )666661 0 . 3 3 3 , 1 8 32 , 11 0 . 2 2 02 , 11 0 . 6 1 7 , 1 5 71 0 . 6 1 7 , 1 5 79 , 0 . 0 0 1 8 , 0 0 1 4 , 0 . 21 0 . 1 4 9 , 1 . 0 0 1 8 , 0 0 1 4 , 0 3 +c h

Tha mn iu kin ca biu thc trn nn ta chn gi tr chiu dy ca thn hnh tr thit b l S = 14 mm2.5.2 Tnh y v np thit by v np c ch to cng loi vt liu vi thn( X18H10T )v c ni vi thn theo phng php hn.p dng cng thc XIII.47[ STQTTB.T2 - trang 385 ]chiu dy y v np l :[ ]ChDP kP DSbth kt+2.. . . 8 , 3. (m) [2]Trong :hb - chiu cao phn li ca y, hb = 0,75 m.h - h s bn ca mi hn hng tm. Theo bng XIII.8[ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 362 ].Chn h = 0,9.k- h s khng th nguyn,tDdk 1 . y:d - ng knh ln nht ca l khng tng cng. i vi y v np c l tng cng hon ton thk = 1. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Xt[ ]50 655 , 13510 . 7575 , 89 , 0 . 1 . 10 . 132. .56> kP. Nn b qua gi tr P mu ca cng thc [2].[ ]0134 , 0 0018 , 0919 , 0 . 2 . 9 , 0 . 10 . 132 . 8 , 310 . 7575 , 8 . 32.. . . 8 , 3.655 2 + + ChDkP DSbt t (m)Ta c 10 Pc, nn thun tin cho qu trnh tnh ton ta b qua gi tr P mu ca cng thc [3].00244 , 0 00112 , 09 , 0 . 10 . 132 . 210 . 811 , 9 . 2 , 364 + S(m) Quy chun S = 0,003 m Kim tra ng sut thnh v o theo p sut th thy lc bng cng thc XIII.26 [STQTTB.T2 Trang 365 ]. ( ) [ ]( )610 . 333 , 1832 , 1 . . 2. +c o TC SP C S D Vi 5 410 . 472 , 1 10 . 81 , 9 . 5 , 1 . 5 , 1 P Po N/m2.( ) [ ]( )6 651 0 . 3 3 3 , 1 8 32 , 11 0 . 2 4 5 , 1 3 99 , 0 . 0 0 1 1 2 , 0 0 0 3 , 0 . 21 0 . 4 7 2 , 1 . 0 0 1 1 2 , 0 0 0 3 , 0 2 , 3 +cVy tha mn iu kin. Nh vy chiu dy thp ca v o S = 4 mm2.6.2 Tnh chiu dy y ca v o Theo cng thc XIII.47 [ STQTTB.T2 - trang 385 ], chiu dy y v o l:[ ]ChDP kP DSbT T+1. 2.. . . 8 , 3. (m) [4]Trong :hb1 l chiu cao phn lm ca y v o: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmhhbDtSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H48 , 042 , 341 TbDh (m)Xt gi tr50 7 , 1694 9 , 0 .10 . 701 , 010 . 132.56> Pc, nn thun tin cho qu trnh tnh ton ta b qua gi tr P mu ca cng thc [ 4 ].Nh vy: 00328 , 0 00118 , 08 , 0 . 2 . 9 , 0 . 10 . 132 . 8 , 32 , 3 10 . 472 , 1 . 2 , 365 + S(m)S = 3 mm (0,003 m)Kim tra ng sut thnh ca yv o theo p sut th thy lc bng cng thc XIII.26 [STQTTB.T2 Trang 365 ].( ) [ ]( )611210 . 333 , 1832 , 1 . . . 6 , 7. . . 2 +kbo b TC S hP C S h D ( ) [ ]( )6 65 21 0 . 3 3 3 , 1 8 32 , 11 0 . 3 9 6 , 1 5 19 , 0 . 0 0 1 1 8 , 0 0 0 3 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 6 , 71 0 . 4 7 2 , 1 . 0 0 1 1 8 , 0 0 0 3 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 2 2 , 3 +kTha mn iu kin, nhng ta c S C < 10 mm, do tng b dy y v o ln 2 mmNh vy vi chiu dy y v o S = 5 mm l tha mn. Vy S = 0,005 m2.7 Tnh bch cho thit b chnh2.7.1 Bch ni thn thit b vi npBng II.6Kch thc ni (mm) BulngDtD DbD1Doh dbZ (ci)3000 3200 3120 3070 3219 50 M36 68 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H42.7.2 Bch ni thn thit b vi v oBng II.7Kch thc ni (mm) BulngDtD DbD1Doh dbZ (ci)3200 3400 3320 3270 3419 60 M42 68DDbD1DthdbH2.8 Tnh cnh khuy ca thit b phn ngDo hn hp phn ng c nht tng i ln, cho nn ta dng cnh khuy loi tuc bin ba cnh.Theo bng VI.1 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 616 ] ta chn:* ng knh ca cnh khuy ( d ) :13333 t tDddD(m)Quy chun d = 1 mDt: ng knh trong ca thit b phn ng* B rng (bn) ca cnh khuy:l = 0,1.D = 0,1 . 3 = 0,3(m)* Khong cch t cnh khuy n y thit b: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H433 , 0 1 . 33 , 0 . 33 , 0 33 , 0 d RdR(m) Quy chun 0,4 m2.8.1 Tnh cng sut lm vic ca cnh khuy Cng sut lm vic ca cnh khuy khc phc tr lc ca mi trng c xc nh theo cng thc IV.2 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 614 ].5 31. . . d n Nk Trong :n-l s vng quay ca cnh khuy, n = 78 vng/pht.(1,3 vng/giy) 1 -khi lng ring ca cht lng,1 = 1106,713 kg/m3. d - ng knh ca cnh khuy,d = 1 m. k - h s khng th nguyn, c xc nh theo thc nghim. k ph thuc vo hnh dng cnh khuy v chun s Rynol. Theo cng thc IV.2a [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 614 ]p mek uk kFr R A E . . Trong : A, m, P l nhng hng s ph thuc vo thc nghim. Chng ph thuc vo kch thc cnh khuy v mc cht lng.332 2110 . 7 , 69310 . 074 , 21 . 3 , 1 . 713 , 1106 . . hhekd nRTheo bng IV.10 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 614 ] vi Rek= 693,7.103thuc phm vi chy xoy, do m = p = 0. Cng sut tiu tn trong phm vi ny l : . . .5 3d n A N (W)Tra bng VI.2 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 618 ]. Ly gi tr ca A l 3,9.(cnh khuy tuc bin 3 cnh)Vy :N = 3,9.1,33.15.1106,713 =9482,649(W)* Tnh h s iu chnhftheo cng thc : IV.10 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 617 ].6 , 0 93 , 0.. 3

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DHdDf ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Tra bng 6.1 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 198 ]. D : ng knh thit b, D = 3 m. d: ng knh cnh khuy, d = 1 m.( ) 224 , 1 4 , 1 .1 . 336 , 093 , 0 ,_

f* Cng sut lm vic ca cnh khuy :Np = N.f=9482,649.1,224=11603,967(W)2.8.2 Tnh cng sut m myKhi m my cn c cng thng lc qun tnh v lc ma st, v vy theo cng thc IV.12[STQTTB.T1 - Trang 620 ] cng sut khi m l :Nm = Ny + Ns Trong :Ny - cng sut tiu tn khc phc lc . Ns - cng sut tiu tn khc phc lc ma st, y chnh l cng sut lm vic ca cnh khuy. Cng sut tiu hao dng khc phc lc ca cht lng c th tnh theo cng thc IV.13 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 620 ].Ny = K. .n3.d5Trong :K = 3,87.a vidla Vy cng sut m my:( )5 3 5 3 5 3. . . . . . . . . d n K d n d n K Nm m m + + (W)Mt khc cng sut m my c th biu din qua cng sut lm vic theo cng thc: 6.18 ( a) [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 198 ]mm KNp Nm + .Trong :161 , 113 , 0. 87 , 3 . 87 , 3 dlK ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H49 , 31 . 3 , 1 . 713 , 1106649 , 9482. .5 3 5 3 d nNmVy379 , 150589 , 39 , 3 161 , 1. 967 , 11603 +mN(W)2.8.3 Cng sut ng cmcNN y :- hiu sut ( kh nng truyn lc t ng c sang cnh khuy ) =0,6 0,7. Chn = 0,797 , 215117 , 0379 , 15058 cN(W)(=21,512 KW)Quy chun Nc = 22 KW2.8.4 ng knh trc cnh khuy4.71 , 1 TsNdcTrong :Nc - l cng sut ca ng c: 21,512 KW Ts - l ng sut cho php ca thp lm trc.Theo bng XIII.4 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 357 ], vi thp khng g, nhit nh hn 470 OC.Ts= 0,6.[k], vi [k] ly gi tr b hn trong hai cng thc XIII.1 v XIII.2 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 355 ].1]1

.1kkkn1]1

.2cckn ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trong :- h s iu chnh. nk - h s an ton theo gii hn bn khi ko. nc - h s an ton theo gii hn chy.Theo bng XIII.2 v XIII.3 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 356 ]Chn = 0,9 nk = 2,6 nc = 1,51]1

2 661/ 10 . 923 , 186 9 , 0 .6 , 210 . 540m Nk1]1

2 662/ 10 . 132 9 , 0 .5 , 110 . 220m NkChn:[ ]6 6210 . 2 , 79 10 . 132 . 6 , 0 . 6 , 0 kTs N/m2 =1,3vng/giy = 8,163radian/giy.13 , 0163 , 8 . 10 . 2 , 792151271 , 1 46 d(m)ng knh trc cnh khuy l : d=0,13 m .2.9 Tnh trng lng ca thit b phn ng 2.9.1 Tnh trng lng ca v trong v v ngoi thit b phn ng* Tnh th tch phn thn hnh tr ca thit b phn ng :( ) HD DH R R VT NT N.2 2. . .2 22 2111]1

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Trong : DN ng knh ngoi ca thit b phn ng DN = DT + 2.0,014 = 3,028 (m)DT ng knh trong ca thit b phn ng H chiu cao thn thit b phn ng ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4557 , 0 2 , 4 .232028 , 3. 14 , 32 2111]1

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V(m3)* Tnh th tch phn thn hnh tr ca v o :( )) ( 0875 , 0 9 , 2 .22 , 32206 , 3. 14 , 3.2 2. . .32 222 22 22m VHD DH R R VT NT N11]1

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11]1

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* Tnh th tch ca y v np thit b phn ng :( )) ( 229 , 0232032 , 3. 14 , 3 .322 2. .32.34.2133 333 33 33m VD DR R VT NT N11]1

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11]1

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* Tnh th tch y ca v o : ( )) ( 081 , 022 , 32210 , 3. 14 , 3 .322 2. .32.34.2133 343 33 34m VD DR R VT NT N11]1

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Th tch thp thn thit b phn ng l :VT= V1 + 2.V3= 1,014(m3).Th tch thp v o thit b phn ng l : VN=V2 +V4 =0,168(m3).Tng th tch thp ca thit b phn ng l : V= VT + VN= 1,182(m3).Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T theo bng XII.7 [STQTTB.T2-Trang 313] l: = 7900 kg/m3.Nh vy:* Trng lng ca thn thit b l:G1 = 7900.1,014 =8010,58(kg)* Trng lng ca v o l: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4G2 = 7900.0,168 =1328,943(kg)* Trng lng ca thit b phn ng khng k cc thit b khc l:G3 = G1 + G2= 9339,523(kg).2.9.2 Xc nh trng lng ca thit b ngng t Thit b ngng t c tnh phn thit b ph (chng 4-phn II)Vi:- ng knh: 1,2 m- ng knh ng: 0,03 m- Chiu cao np: 0,3 m- Chiu dy ng: 2,5 mm- Chiu dy thn: 7 mm* Th tch ng truyn nhit ca thit b ngng t l:[ ]) ( 252 , 0 493 . 2 .203 , 02035 , 0. 1416 , 3. .2 2. . . .32 212 22 21m Vn HD Dn H R R VT NT N11]1

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11]1

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* Th tch thn hnh tr ca thit b ngng t l:[ ] HD DH R R VT NT N.2 2. . .2 22 2211]1

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Trong H l chiu cao thn thit b ngng t, ta chn chiu cao ca thn ln hn chiu di ng truyn nhit 0,3 m. Vy H = 2,3 m0666 , 0 5 , 2 .22 , 12214 , 1. 1416 , 32 2211]1

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V(m3)* Th tch phn np thit b ngng t( )11]1

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3 33 332 2. .32. .34.21T NT ND DR R V 02 , 022 , 12216 , 1. 1416 , 3 .323 3311]1

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V(m3)* Th tch bch ni thit b ngng t ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4[ ] hD Dh R R VT N.2 2. . .2122 2411]1

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012 , 0 045 , 0 .2275 , 124 , 1. 1416 , 32 2411]1

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V(m3)Tng th tch thp ca thit b ngng t l: V= V1 + V2 +V3+ V4= 0,35 m3.Trng lng ca thit b ngng t l: mN =0,35.7900=2765,774(kg) Nh vy trng lng ca c thit b phn ng khi cha c nguyn liu l: m = mTB + mNVi mN l khi lng thit b phn ng khng k cc thit b khcmTB = 9339,523(kg) (mTB = G3 phn thit b chnh)m= 9339,523 + 2765,774=12105,297 (kg)Trng lng ca thit b khi c nguyn liu l: mTT=m+mNL = 12105,297 + 29066,128=41171,426(kg)Trong mNL l khi lng nguyn liu ban u 128 , 2906645126 , 116264 NLm (kg)Vy, trng lng thc t ca thit b phn ng k c nhng phn c lin quan l: m5=42000 kg=42 tn2.10. Chn chn v tai treoChn s chn l: Zc = 3 v s tai treo Zt =4.Ti trng trn mi chn v tai treo l: 64 342+ ZmQS tn.Tra bng XIII.34 v XIII.35[STQTTB.T2 - Trang 436 437]. Chn chn l thp CT3 , vi cc thng s sau:Ti trng cho php trn mi chn: G = 6 tn. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Bng II.8L B B1B2H h s l d Dt/A300 240 260 370 450 226 18 110 34 2600/975Ti trng cho php trn mi tai treo: G = 6 tnBng II.9L B B1H S l a d230 200 205 350 12 100 25 34 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmBLSHaB1la20SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4CHNG 3 TNH CN BNG NHIT LNGMc ch ca vic tnh cn bng vt cht l bit c lng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh gia nhit nng nhit ca hn hp phn ng, v lng nhit cn ly ra do qu trnh phn ng c ta nhit. t tnh c lng nc nng cn gia nhit, lng nc lnh cung cp cho v o v thit b ngng t, v lp k hoch sn xut hp l. Ngoi ra, vic tnh cn bng nhit lng s tnh c kch thc ca mt s thit b ph nh thit b ngng t, bm dng bm nc cho v o, bm dng bm nc cho thit b ngng t v b tr thit b, xy dng nh my t an ton, chnh xc cao. 3.1 GIAI ON UN NNG HN HP3.1.1 Nhng thng s ban u:Nc dng np liu cho qu trnh phn ng ban u c nhit 25 oC. Lc ny nhit ban u ca hn hp phn ng l 25 oC. Nhit duy tr phn ng xy ra l 58 oC, nhng v qu trnh phn ng xy ra c ta nhit. Nn ch tin hnh gia nhit hn hp phn ng ln n nhit 45 oC.Nhit u vo ca nc gia nhit v o l 90 oC.Thi gian tin hnh gia nhit l 45 pht.3.1.2 Xc nh h s cp nhit ( ).3.1.2.1 Xc nh h s cp nhit ( 1 ) ca nc gia nhit v o :Theo cng thc V.59[STQTTB.T2 - Trang 21]. 25 , 043 , 0 8 , 0PrPr. Pr . Re . 037 , 0

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tNuTrong : Theo cng thc V.36[STQTTB.T2 - Trang 13] ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4- . . .Relvl Vi:l - chiu cao ca v o, l = 2,9 m. (tnh chng 2-Thit b chnh) - khi lng ring ca nc 90 oC, = 965,34 kg/m3.(Bng I.5 [STQTTB.T1 trang 11] ) -nht canc90oC, =0,312.10-3N.s/m2.(bngI.102 [STQTTB.T1 trang 94] ) - tc dng chy, = 0.8 m/s.Vy:162 , 305359 Re 231 , 717861910 . 312 , 034 , 965 . 9 , 2 . 8 , 0Re8 , 03 - Prt-chun s Pran ca dng theo nhit trung bnh ca tng.- Pr- chun s Pran theo nhit ca dng.Do chnh lch nhit khng ln, Pr Prt nn 1PrPr25 , 0t

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.PrCpVi :Cp - nhit dung ring ca nc 90 oC, Cp = 4,192.103 J/kg.. (Theo bng I.147[STQTTB.T1-trang 165] ) - nht ca nc 90 oC, =310 . 3165 , 0N.s/m2. (theo bng I.103 [STQTTB.T1-trang 95] ) - h s dn nhit ca nc 90 oC, =68,036.10-2 W/m..(Theo bng I.129 [STQTTB.T1-trang 133] )33 , 1 Pr 95 , 110 . 036 , 6810 . 3165 , 0 . 10 . 192 , 4Pr43 , 023 3

Nh vy :Nu =0,037.305359,162.1,33=15056,945Mt khc theo cng thc V.64 [ STQTTB.T2 Trang 21] ta c ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 HNu.1 (H- chiu cao ca b mt truyn nhit, H = 2,9 + 0,8 = 3,7 m)( - h s dn nhit ca nc nng)463 , 35327 , 310 . 036 , 68 . 945 , 15056 .21 HNu Gi thit chnh lch nhit gia nc gia nhit v b mt bn ngoi cathit b l: t1= t1 - tT1= 2,58 oC. tT1=t1 - t1=90 - 2,58=87,42oC.Theo phng trnh truyn nhit.q1 = 1.( t1 - tT1 ) =1. t1 =3532,463.2,58=9113,755(W/m2)Din tch b mt truyn nhit ca nc l :F=F1+F2Trong :F1 - l din tch b mt trao i nhit ca thn hnh tr,m2.F2 - din tch b mt trao i nhit phn y v o, m2. Chiu cao phn thn hnh tr thit b l H = 2,9 m. ng knh b mt trao i nhit l DN = 3 + 2.0,014 = 3,028(m)F1 = .DN.H = 3,1416.3,028.2,9=39,954(m2)Tra bng XIII.10 [STQTTB.T2-trang 382] ta cF2 =10,2(m2)Nh vy:F=39,954+10,2=50,154(m2)Nhit lng ca nc truyn t v o vo thit b l:Q1 =q1.F=9113,755.50,154=457087,715(W)Nhit thnh bn trong ca thit b phn ng l (tT2) l: r q t trt tqT TT T.1 1 22 11 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trong : tT2 - l nhit thnh bn trong hn hp. + + 3 2 1r r r r l tng nhit tr. r1 , r3 - tng nhit tr thnh ngoi v cn bn tip xc vi nc, tra bng V.1 [STQTTB.T2 trang 4] ta c gi tr r1 + r3 = 2,324.10-3 m2./W r2 - l nhit tr ca tng, 3210 . 595 , 13 , 16026 , 0 r m2./WTng nhit tr: r = r1 + r2 + r3 =0,004 (m2./W) Vy nhit thnh bn trong l : tT2 =87,42 9113,755.0,004 = 50,96 oC.Chnh lch nhit gia thnh trong v dung dch l: t2 = tT2 - t2 = 50,96 - 45=5,96 oC.3.1.2.2 Xc nh h s cp nhit ( 2 ) ca hn hp phn ng:Do hn hp c khuy trn, nn theo cng thc V.67 [ STQTTB.T2 - Trang 22 ] .14 , 033 , 0. Pr . Re .

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tmC NuTrong : DNu.1;2. .Red n ; .PrpC 2 - h s cp nhit , w/m2.. D - ng knh ca thit b, D = 3 m. n -s vng quay ca cnh khuy , n = 1,3 vng/ giy. d - ng knh ca cnh khuy , d = 1 m. - khi lng ring ca hn hp , = 1106,713 kg/m3.(chng 2 thit b chnh)Cp- nhit dung ring ng p, J/kg. t - nht ca cht lng nhit ca b mt truyn nhit, N.s/m2. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 - nht ca cht lng nhit trung bnh, N.s/m2.i vi thit b c v bc th ta c C= 0,36 v m = 0,67Do chnh lch nhit nh, nn t 114 , 0t

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Xc nh nht ca dung dchTheo cng thc I.12 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 84 ] , nht ca hn hp c xc nh nh sau( xem hn hp ch hai thnh phn : H2O v VCM ): ln= x1ln1 + x2ln2Trong : x1 , x2 - nng phn mol tng ng ca VCM v H2O. 1 , 2 - nht ng lc ca VCM v H2O , N.s/ m2.Khi lng tng ng ca VCM v H2O trong hn hp l :59 , 123874362 , 49550 VCMm(kg)867 , 166604466 , 666432 O Hm(kg)Nh vy s mol tng ng ca n l : ) ( 2 , 1985 , 6259 , 12387mol nVCM ; ) ( 6 , 92518867 , 166602mol nO H

Tng s mol ca VCM v H2O l : n=1123,8(mol).Nh vy:176 , 08 , 11232 , 1981 x ;824 , 08 , 11236 , 9252 x Theo bng I.102 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 94 95 ] v th tra c gi tr nht ca nc v VCM nhit 50 oC c: H2O = 0,5494.10-3 N.s/m2. VCM = 0,25.10-3N.s/m2.713 , 7 10 . 5494 , 0 ln . 824 , 0 10 . 25 , 0 ln . 176 , 0 ln3 3 + ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 . / . 10 . 447 , 02 3 713 , 7m s N e Xc nh nhit dung ring ca hn hp CP - nhit dung ring ca hn hp, J/kg.. n gin cho tnh ton xem hn hp ch c hai thnh phn, l H2O v VCM. Theo cng thc I.42 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 152 ], cng thc tnh nhit dung ring ca hn hp nh sau:CP = CVCM . XVCM+CH20.XH2OVi:CVCM - nhit dung ring ca VCM, CVCM = 1,675.103 J/kg.. CH2O - nhit dung ring ca nc, CH2O = 4,184.103 J/kg..XVCM - thnh phn ca VCM trong hn hp phn ng (phn khi lng)XH2O - thnh phn ca nc trong hn hp phn ng (phn khi lng)Ta c khi lng ca: mVCM=12387,59(kg)mH2O =16660,867(kg) Khi lng hn hp lmhh=29048,457(kg)Suy ra:426 , 0457 , 2904859 , 12387 hhVCMVCMmmx574 , 0457 , 29048867 , 1666022 hhO HO HmmxVyCp = 0,426.1,675.103+0,574.4,184.103=3,114.103(J/kg.).Xc nh chun s Pran- h s dn nhit ca hn hp w/m..Theo cng thc I.33 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 123 ] =1.x1+2.x2-0,72.x1.x2.( 1 - 2)(W/m.) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trong :1 - h s dn nhit ca VCM, 1 = 0,13 W/m.. 2 - h s dn nhit ca H2O, 2 = 0,657 W/m.. x1 - nng ( theo khi lng ) ca VCM, x1 = 0,426 x2 - nng ( theo khi lng ) ca H2O, x2 = 0,574Nh vy: =0,13.0,426+0,657.0,574-0,72.0,426.0,574(0,657 0,13)=0,34T y ta s tm c chun s Pran592 , 1 Pr092 , 434 , 010 . 447 , 010 . 114 , 3 . Pr33 , 033 PCXc nh chun s Rynn034 , 22916 Re412 , 321862810 . 447 , 01 . 3 , 1 . 713 , 1106 . .Re67 , 032 2 d nSuy raNu = 0,36.22916,034.1,592.1=13133,507Vy h s cp nhit 2 ca hn hp phn ng l464 , 1488334 , 0 . 507 , 13133 .2 DNu

q2 =2.(tT2 t2)=1488,464.(50,96 45)=8878,662(W/m2) Din tch b mt truyn nhit ca hn hp phn ng l :F=F1+F2Trong : F1 - l din tch b mt trao i nhit ca phn hnh tr,m2. Chiu cao phn thn hnh tr l H = 4,2 m. ng knh b mt trao i nhit l DT = 3 m.584 , 39 2 , 4 . 3 . 1416 , 3 . .1 H D FT(m2)Ta c DT = 3 m Tra bng XIII.10 [STQTTB.T2-trang 382] ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4F2 =10,2(m2)Nh vy: F= 39,584 + 10,2=49,784(m2)Nhit lng c truyn t hn hp l :Q2 =q2.F=8878,662.49,584=442016,688(W)Kim tra li xem ta chn t1 = 2,58 OC l ph hp hay cha. Xt: % . 5 % 4 1 , 3 0 3 4 1 , 06 8 8 , 4 4 2 0 1 67 1 5 , 4 5 7 0 8 7 6 8 8 , 4 4 2 0 1 621 2 Q Q QVy gi thit ly ta chn t1 = 2,58 OC l ph hp.3.1.3 Xc nh nhit lng cn cung cp giai on un nng hn hp t 25 45 oC3.1.3.1Xcnh nhitlngcn thit nng nhit hn hp ln nhit 45 oCDo phn ng trng hp VCM to PVC c ta nhit ln nn ch gia nhit n 45 oC lc ny c phnng xy ra. Lng nhit do phn ng ta ra mt phn s nng nhit hn hp ln tip t 45 58 oC, phn cn li c ly ra qua v o v thit b ngng t khng ch nhit cho h phn ng 58 oC.Nhit lng cn thit un nng hn hp t 25 oC ln 45 oC l:Q1 =m.CP.(45 25)(J)Trong :m - khi lng ca nguyn liu ban u. m = 12387,591 + 16660,867 =29048,457kg. CP - nhit dung ring ca hn hp, CP = 3,114.103J/kg..Vy:Q1 = m. CP.(50 25) = 29048,457.3,114.103.(45 25) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Q1 = 1809137901,7(J)=432105,166(kcal)

3.1.3.2. Tnh nhit lng un nng thnh ca thit b phn ng Gi Q2 l nhit lng un nng v trong ca thit b phn ng, ta c:Q2 =G1.CT.(ttb t1) (J) Vi : CT- l nhit dung ring ca thp X18H10T, CT= 500 J/kg..(bng I.144 [STQTTB.T1 trang 162] ) G1 - l trng lng thp ca thn thit b , G1 = 8018,58 kg. t1 - nhit ban u ca v o, t1 = 25 oC. ttb - nhit trung bnh ca v thit b trong khi un nng, oC. 19 , 69296 , 50 42 , 8722 1++T Ttbt ttoC. Q2 =G1.CT.(ttb t1)=8018,58.500.(69,19 25)Q2 =177003739,8(J)=42345,392(kcal) 3.1.3.3 Tnh nhit lng un v o thit b phn ngGi Q3 l nhit lng cn thit un nng v o ca thit b:Ta c:Q3 =G2.CT.(ttb t)Trong : G2 - l trng lng ca v ngoi, G2 = 1328,943 kg. CT - l nhit dung ring ca thp X18H10T, CT = 500 J/kg.. ttb - l nhit trung bnh ca v o khi un nng, OC. t-l nhit ban u ca v o, t = 25 oC.Theo phng trnh truyn nhit: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 r q t trt tqT NN T. Vi:+ + 2 1r r rTrong :r1 l nhit tr ca cn bn hai bn thnh ca v o r2 l nhit tr ca cn bn pha ngoi ca v o r1 + r2=1,464.10-3- l chiu dy ca thp lm v o, =0,004(m)- l h s dn nhit ca thp =16,3 + 3 310 . 71 , 1 10 . 464 , 13 , 16004 , 0r (m2./W)q1=9113,755(W)Nh vy nhit pha ngoi v o thit b: tN=87,42 9113,755.1,71.10-3=72,4oC.Nhit trung bnh ca v o: 91 , 7924 , 72 42 , 87+tbt

oC.Nhit lng un nng v o l : Q3 =1328,943.500.(79,91 25)=36486170,616(J)Q3 =8728,75(kcal)3.1.3.4 Tnh tn tht nhit Nhit mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh l do bc x v i lu trong sut thi gian gia nhit.Theo cng thc V.136 [STQTTB.T2 - Trang 41], h s cp nhit ca bc x v i lu:=9,3 + 0,058.tN(W/m2.) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trong : tN - l nhit b mt ngoi ca v o, tN = 72,4 oCNh vy: =9,3 + 0,058.72,4=13,5(W/m2.)Din tch phn thn hnh tr bn ngoi v o l: 209 , 29 9 , 2 . 206 , 3 . 1416 , 3 . .1 1 1 H D F (m2).Din tch phn thn thit b phn ng khng c bao bc v o gia nhit: 367 , 12 ) 9 , 2 2 , 4 .( 028 , 3 . 1416 , 3 . .2 2 2 H D F (m2)Din tch b mt bn ngoi np thit b phn ng l:F3=10,2(m2)(tra theo bng XIII.10 [STQTTB.T2-trang 382] )Din tch b mt bn ngoi y v o ng vi D = 3,2 mF4=11,5(m2)Nh vy tng din tch b mt bn ngoi thit b phn ng l: F=F1 + F2 + F3 + F4=63,275(m2)Thi gian ca qu trnh gia nhit l 45 pht, hay 2700 giy.Nhit khng kh bn ngoi l: tk = 25 oC.Nh vy nhit lng mt mt trong thi gian un nng hn hp phn ng l:Q4 = .F. .(tN tk)=13,5.63,275.2700.(72,4 25)Q4 =109316402,35(W)=26152,25(kcal)3.1.3.5 Lng nhit do VCM phn ng ta ra trong qu trnh gia nhit Trong qu trnh gia nhit cho hn hp th c mt s lng VCM s phn ng, gi s l 5 % so vi tng s VCM tham gia phn ng.Qu trnh phn ng c ta nhit nn lng nhit gia nhit thc t = lng nhit nng nhit hn hp ln 45 oC lng nhit do 5 % VCM tham gia phn ng ta ra.S mol ca VCM tham gia phn ng l:MmnVCMVCM ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Trong : mVCM - khi lng ca VCM tham gia phn ng.

22 , 10735488 , 42940 VCMm(kg)5 % VCM tham gia phn ng c khi lngmVCM=10735,22. 5%=536,761(kg) M - phn t lng ca VCM, M = 62,5.Vy: 761 , 85885 , 6210 . 761 , 5363 VCMn (mol)Khi phn ng trng hp chuyn t VCM sang PVC th nhit lng ta ra l 23 kcal/mol.Nh vy nhit ta ra ca VCM phn ng trong qu trnh gia nhit: Q5=23.8588,761=197528(kcal)Vy: gia nhit hn hp phn ng t 25 oC ln nhit 45 oC trong thi gian 45 pht th phi cn nhit lng cung cp l. Q=Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 Q5 =312035 (kcal)Tnh lng nc nng dng gia nhit cho thit b phn ng Ta c Q =Gn.Cn.(t tc )Trong :Gn l lng nc nng 90 oC cn gia nhit cho ni phn ng Cn l nhit dung ring ca nc nhit 90 oC, Cn = 1,005 kcal/kg.t l nhit u ca nc, t = 90 oCtc l nhit sau khi gia nhit ca nc, ta chn tc = 60 oCSuy ra419 , 10349) 60 90 .( 005 , 1312035) .(c nnt t CQG(kg)Th tch nc gia nhit v o l: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4584 , 1081 , 977419 , 103492 nO HGV(m3)3.1.3.6 Tnh lng hi t cn dngNhit lng tng cng Q ca nc nng cung cp. Nhit cung cp cho nc un nng thnh nc l t kh t (ga): Qk = Q = D.rTrong : D - l lng hi t dng gia nhit, kg. r - l n nhit ha hi ca nc .Theo bng I.216[STQTTB.T1 - Trang 258], nhit ha hi: r = 121,87 kcal/kg.Lng kh t cn dng un nng nc gia nhit mt thit b phn ng trong mt m 392 , 256087 , 1217 , 1186352 rQD(kg)3.2 GIAI ON DUY TR PHN NG 58 OC.3.2.1. Tnh nhit lng cn ly ra trong qu trnh phn ng3.2.1.1. Tnh nhit lng ta ra t phn ng Khi phn ng trng hp chuyn t VCM sang PVC th nhit lng ta ra l 23 kcal/mol.S mol ca VCM tham gia phn ng l:MmnVCMVCMTrong : mVCM - khi lng ca VCM tham gia phn ng.

22 , 10735488 , 42940 VCMm(kg)Khi lng VCM tham gia phn ng sau giai on gia nhit (95%)mVCM=10735,22.95%=10198,459(kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 M - phn t lng ca VCM , M = 62,5.Vy: 3310 . 1753 , 1635 , 6210 . 459 , 10198 VCMn (mol)Nh vy nhit ta ra trong qu trnh phn ng l: Q =23.163,1753.103=3753032,921(kcal)3.2.1.2. Tnh nhit lng cn thit nng nhit hn hp phn ng ln thm 13 OCKhi lng hn hp phn ng trong mi m khng k lng nc b sung l: mhh =24792,852(kg).Nhit dung ring ca hn hp l : CP = 3,114.103(J/kg.)=0,744(kcal/kg.)Vy nhit lng cn thit nng hn hp phn ng ln thm 13 OC l : Q1 =24792,852.0,744.13=240111,062(kcal)3.2.1.3. Tnh nhit lng cn thit nng nhit ca nc b sung ln thm 33 OCKhi lng nc b sung thm vo trong mi m phn ng l : 276 , 4273 6667 , 7 . 4348 , 5 .4235 , 4102 O Hm(kg)Nc b sung cho vo vi nhit ban u l 25 OC. 25 oC nhit dung ring ca nc l: CH2O = 0,9989kcal/kg.. (tra bng I.147 [STQTTB.T1 trang 165]Nhit ca nc c tng ln thm: 58 - 25 = 33 oC.Nhit lng cn thit nng nc ln thm 33 oC l: Q2 =4273,276.0,9989.33=140862,99(kcal)Nh vy nhit lng cn thit phi ly ra l : Q3=Q - ( Q1 + Q2 ) =3753032,921 - (240111,062 + 140862,99)=3372058,869 (kcal) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Nhit phn ng ta ra s c ly ra bng v o ca thit b v thit b ngng t pha trn np ca thit b phn ng. Trong nc lm lnh v o s ly 30%, v thit b ngng t ly 70% lng nhit sinh ra.Nhit lng v o cn phi ly l:

611 , 1011617 869 , 3372058 .10030 VAQ(kcal)Nhit lng thit b ngng t cn phi ly i l:

209 , 2360441 ,869 3372058 .10070 NTQ(kcal)3.2.2. Xc nh lng nc dng ly nhit v o3.2.2.1. Xc nh nhit ti ring ca hn hp phn ngGi F l din tch b mt truyn nhit ca hn hp phn ng.F =F1 + F2, m2 .Trong : F1 - din tch b mt trao i nhit ca thn hnh tr, m2.485 , 25 704 , 2 . 3 . 1416 , 3 . .1 H D F (m2)H l chiu cao ca hn hp phn ng thn hnh tr. F2 - din tch b mt trao i nhit phn y ca thit b.F2=10,2(m2)(tra theo bng XIII.10 [STQTTB.T2-trang 382] )Vy: F =25,485 + 10,2=35,386(m2)Thi gian ca qu trnh ly nhit v o l 300 pht, hay 18000 giy.Nh vy nhit lng c ly ra theo mi giy l : 2 , 561800611 , 1011617 Q(kcal/s)Nhit ti ring: 575 , 1386 , 352 , 56 FQq (kcal/m2)=6,583.103(W/m2) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H43.2.2.2. Xc nh h s cp nhit ( 1 ) pha hn hp phn ngDo hn hp phn ng c khuy trn nn h s cp nhit c xc nh theo cng thc V.67 [STQTTB.T2 - Trang 22 ]. 14 , 033 , 0. Pr . Re .

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tmC NuTrong : DNu.1;2. .Red n ; .PrpC 1 -h s cp nhit, W/m2.. -khi lng ring ca hn hp, = 1106,713 kg/m3. n-s vng quay ca cnh khuy, n = 1,3 vng/giy. d-ng knh ca cnh khuy, d = 1 m. Cp - nhit dung ring ng p ca nc 90 oC, Cp = 3,114.103 J/kg.. t- nht ca hn hp nhit b mt truyn nhit, N.s/m2. - nht ca hn hp nhit trung bnh , N.s/m2.i vi thit b c v bc th ta c C = 0,36 v m = 0,67Do chnh lch nhit nh, nn 1 do i lng114 , 0t

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Xc nh nht ca dung dchTheo cng thc I.12 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 84 ], nht ca hn hp c xc nh nh sau( xem hn hp ch hai thnh phn : H2O v VCM ): lnhh = x1ln1 + x2ln2Trong : x1 , x2 - nng phn mol tng ng ca VCM v H2O. 1 , 2 - nht ng lc ca VCM v H2O , N.s/ m2.Khi lng tng ng ca VCM v H2O trong hn hp l :459 , 10198100 . 495 . 362 , 49550 VCMm(kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4867 , 166604466 , 666432 O Hm(kg)Nh vy s mol tng ng ca n l : ) ( 175 , 1635 , 62459 , 10198mol nVCM ; ) ( 604 , 92518867 , 166602mol nO H Tng s mol ca VCM v H2O l : n=1088,779(mol).Nh vy:15 , 0779 , 1088175 , 1631 x ;85 , 0779 , 1088604 , 9252 x Theo bng I.102 [ STQTTB.T1 - Trang 94 95 ] v th tra c gi tr nht ca nc v VCM nhit 58 oC c: H2O = 0,483.10-3 N.s/m2. VCM = 0,23.10-3N.s/m2.266 , 8 10 . 483 , 0 ln . 85 , 0 10 . 23 , 0 ln . 15 , 0 ln3 3 + hh . / . 10 . 275 , 02 3 266 , 8m s N ehh T y ta tnh c chun s Rynn: 209 , 559705410 . 257 , 01 . 3 , 1 . 713 , 1106 . .Re32 2 d nRe0,67 =33199,602Chun s Pran l627 , 334 , 010 . 396 , 0 . 10 . 114 , 3 .Pr3 3 PCPr0,33 =1,53Nh vy: 625 , 18284 53 , 1 . 602 , 33199 . 36 , 0 Nu258 , 2072334 , 0 . 625 , 18284 . .11 DNu DNu(W/m2.)Theo phng trnh truyn nhit: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4q =1.(t1 tT)Nhit thnh bn trong ca thn thit b823 , 54258 , 207210 . 583 , 658311 qt tToCMt khc: ( ) rt t qN T1.Nhit thnh bn ngoi ca thn thit b566 , 43 10 . 71 , 1 . 10 . 583 , 6 823 , 54 .3 3 r q t tT NoCNhit lng un nng nc lm lnh t 25 oC ln nhit 45,03 oC tnh theo cng thc sau: QVA = mH2O.CH2O.(tc t)(kg)Trong :mH2O l khi lng nc lm lnh s dng v o CH2O l nhit dung ring ca nc lm lnht nhit u vo ca nc lm lnh, ta chn t = 25 oCtc nhit ra ca nc lm lnh, tc = 43,566 oCKhi lng ca nc dng cho qu trnh ly nhit v o l:

3210 . 548 , 54) 25 566 , 43 .( 9989 , 0661 , 1011617) .(2 c O HVAO Ht t CQm kg. 25 oC , H2O = 997,08 kg/m3.Nh vy th tch ca nc lm mt v o l:

707 , 5408 , 99710 . 548 , 54322 O HO HO HmV(m3) Bng II.10Bng tng hp lng nc dng gia nhit v lm lnh cho thit b phn ngn v tnh: m3 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H41 ni phn ng1 m sn xut 1 ngy sn xut 1 nm sn xutNc gia nhit 10,584 42,337 132,533 46386,575Nc lm lnh v o 54,707 218,829 685,028 239759,9073.2.3 Xc nh lng nc dng cho thit b ngng t Nhit lng cn thit phi ly ra l nhit lng gia nhit nc lm lnh ngoi ng truyn nhit t nhit 25 oC ln 34,586 oC.Theo cng thc 8.20 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 274 ] ( )( ) c O H c O Ht t CQGt t C G Q .. .22Trong : Q l nhit lng cn thit phi ly ra, Q=2360441,209 kcal. G khi lng nc c gia nhit, kg. CH2O nhit dung ring ca nc, CH2O=0,9989kcal/ kg..tc nhit ca nc sau khi ly nhit i ra: tc = 34,658 oCt nhit ban u ca nc lm lnh i vo: t = 25 oCVy lng nc lnh cn dng l: 084 , 244670) 25 658 , 34 .( 9989 , 0209 , 2360441 G(kg).Vi khi lng ring ca nc 25 oC, H2O=997,08kg/m3. Th tch ca nc cn dng lm mt thit b ngng t l: 387 , 24508 , 997084 , 2446702 O HGV(m3/m)Bng II.11Lng nc lm lnh dng cho thit b ngng tn v tnh: m3 1 ni phn ng1 m sn xut 1 ngy sn xut 1 nm sn xutNc cho TB ngng t 245,387 981,546 3072,654 1075428,829 ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 CHNG 4TNH TON THIT B PH4.1 TNH TON V CHN BM CHO DY CHUYN CNG NGHHin nay trong cc ngnh cng nghip, nht l trong ngnh cng nghip ha cht, vic s dng cc loi bm vn chuyn cc nguyn liu c s dng rt rng ri. C nhiu loi bm khc nhau ty thuc vo yu cu k thut, nng sut, cng sut, hiu sut, r tin v lm vic an ton, cng nh tnh cht ca cc cht cn vn chuyn m ta la chn cc loi bm khc nhau sao cho ph hp v m bo tt cc yu cu ra. Trong cng nghip sn xut nha PVC th bm c s dng nhiu l bm ly tm v chng c cc u im sau y:* Lu lng bm u. * Thit b n gin, d ch to v sa cha.* Nng sut cao * C th bm cc cht lng khng sch. * Khng c suppap nn t b tt v h hng.Bm ly tm c s dng trong phm vi p sut ttrung bnh tr xung v nng sut t trung bnh tr ln. Do trong dy chuyn cng ngh s dng bm ly tm bm H2O v VCM .Ngoi ra cn s dng bm pittng bm cc ha cht c tnh n mn thit b, c p sut ln, trong dy chuyn dng bm pittng bm cc ph gia trong qu trnh phn ng.4.1.1. Tnh ton v chn bm ly tm bm nc np liuThi gian bm nc vo thit b phn ng l 20 pht hay 1200 giy.Khi lng nc cn bm trong mt m phn ng l:308 , 1655842345 , 410 4661 , 66643 m(kg) ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4Khi lng ring ca nc 25 oC l = 997,08 kg/m3.Nng sut cn thit ca bm l: 014 , 01200 . 08 , 997308 , 16558 Q(m3/s)Vn tc ca cht lng trong ng l = 2 m/s.Nh vy theo cng thc II.36 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 369], ng knhca ng dn l: 095 , 02 . 785 , 0014 , 0. 785 , 0 Qd(m)Tnh p sut ton phn ca bm p dng cng thc II.185 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 438 ]m Oh HgP PH + +.1 2 m. [6]Trong : H - p sut ton phn do bm to ra. P2 , P1 - p sut y v ht trn b mt ca bm N/m2. - khi lng ring ca nc, = 997,08 kg/m3. g - gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2. Ho - chiu cao y cht lng ca bm, Ho = 10 m. Hm - p sut tiu tn thng ton b tr lc trn ng ng ht v y (tr lc cc b do cht lng thay i hng chuyn ng, hay thay i hnh dng, tit din ca ng dn nh t thu, t m, cc loi van )Xc nh tr lc do ma st khi bm nc ln thnh ng.Theo cng thc 1.104 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 64 ] g dlhgPgP Pms. 2. .. .21 2 Trong : - h s ma st ph thuc vo chun s Re. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 l - chiu di ng dn, l = 30 m. d - ng knh ng, d = 0,095 m.Theo cng thc 1.49 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 35 ] . .Red y: - vn tc ca dng chy, = 2 m/s. d - ng knh ca ng dn, d = 0,095 m. - khi lng ring ca nc, = 997,08 kg/m3. - nht ca nc 25 oC, = 0,894 10-3N.s/m2.Nh vy: 304 , 20942310 . 894 , 008 , 997 . 095 , 0 . 2Re3

Do Re ln nn: c xc nh theo cng thc 1.112 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 68]

,_

+ nrlg . 2 738 , 11 [7]Theo [QTTB.T1 - Trang 65], nhm tng i hay h s nhm: rn [a]Trong : - chiu cao trung bnh ca g nhm hay chiu su ca rnh, mm. r - bn knh ca ng dn, m.Thay [a] vo [7] ta c: 22lg . 2 738 , 11lg . 2 738 , 11rr+

,_

+ Chn thp lm bm mi, do chn = 0,1mm = 0,1 10-3m. 0475 , 02095 , 02 dr ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 164 , 0405 , 0469 , 2110 . 1 , 00475 , 0lg . 2 738 , 1132 +Vy tr lc do ma st l: 648 , 10095 , 030. 164 , 0 .81 , 9 . 222

,_

msh [b]Xc nh tr lc cc b trn ng ngTheo cng thc 1.113 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 68 ] .. 22ghm

Trong : - h s tr lc chung. 4 3 2 1 + + + Vi : * 1 - h s tr lc cc b do t thu.Trn ng ng c hai t thu, ca vo ng ht v ca vo ca bm. y:f1 - tit din ca t thu, m2.f2 - tit din ng ban u, m2. ca vo ng ht Aff 5 , 021, ca vo ca bm Bff 6 , 021.Theo bng 1.2 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 69 ]A = 0,25 ;B = 0,3Nh vy: 1 = A + B = 0,25 + 0,3 = 0,55. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmf2f1SVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 * 2 - h s tr lc cc b do t m.Trn ng ng c hai t m, ca ra ca bm C 6 , 0ff21 , v ca ra ca ng D 7 , 0ff21 .Theo bng 1.2 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 69 ] C = 0,16 ;D = 0,09Nh vy: 2 = C + D = 0,16 + 0,09 = 0,25. * 3 - h s tr lc cc b do khuu ng.Trn ng ng c nm khuu 90O, hai trc ca vo ca bm v ba sau ca ra ca bm.Theo bng 1.3 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 70]. Vi b mt ng nhn: 3 =5 x 1,26 = 6,3. * 4 - h s tr lc cc b do van chn.Trn ng ng c ba van, mt t ca ra ca thng cha nc v hai t ca ra ca bm. Trong c mt van chn vi m hon ton v hai van kha mt chiu c m = 1/8.Treo bng 1.5[ QTTB.T1 Trang 71 72 ]Van chn c = 0,05Van mt chiu c = 0,07Nh vy: 4 =2 0,07 + 0,05 = 0,19.T y ta tm c h s tr lc cc b chung l: =0,55 + 0.25 + 6,3 + 0,19 = 7,29.Vy tr lc cc b trn ng ng: ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4 486 , 1 29 , 7 .81 , 9 . 22.. 22 2 ghm[c]Mc du ta tin hnh ht chn khng thu hi kh VCM nhng khng th no thu hi ht c. Do , hi VCM cn li s to p sut bn trong thit b ( P = 0,2 kg/cm2 ). Khi bm nc np liu vo, p sut do hi VCM to ra s gy tr lc cho qu trnh bm. Nh vy p sut ton phn ca bm phi cng thm tr lc p sut bn trong thit b phn ng.p sut bn trong thit b phn ng c chuyn i ra thnh mmH2O theo bng 1.279 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 357] P = 1 kg/m2 = 1mmH2OP = 0,2 kg/cm2 = 0,2 104 mmH2O = 2 mH2O[d] Th [b], [c] v [d] vo [6] ta tm c p sut ton phn: H = 10,648 + 10 + 1,486 + 2,0 = 24,17m.Theo cng thc 2.39 [QTTB.T1 - Trang 110], cng sut ca bm ly tm l: . 1000. . . H g QNT KW.Trong :Q - nng sut ca bm, Q = 0,014 m3/s.- khi lng ring ca nc, = 997,08 kg/ m3.g - gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2.H - p sut ton phn ca bm, H = 24,17 m.- hiu sut ca bm, = 0,72 0,93. Ly = 0,8

09 , 48 , 0 . 100017 , 24 . 81 , 9 . 08 , 997 . 014 , 0 TN (KW)Theo cng thc II.190 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 439], cng sut ng c in:

c tdTcNN .Trong :NT - cng sut ca bm ly tm, NT = 4,09 KW. ti: Thit k dy chuyn sn xut PVC huyn ph nng sut 45000 tn/nmSVTH: Nguyn Tn Thng-00H4t - hiu sut truyn ng, t = 0,9.c - hiu sut ng c, c = 0,9.

049 , 59 , 0 . 9 , 009 , 4 cN(KW)Thng ngi ta chn ng c in c cng sut ln hn so vi cng sut tnh ton (lng d tr da vo kh nng qu ti ).Theo cng thc II.191 [STQTTB.T1 - Trang 439]

cCcN N . - h s d tr cng sut .Theo bng II.33 [STQTTB.1 - Trang 439]Vi Nc

5 - 50, ly = 1,2. 059 , 6 049 , 5 . 2 , 1 CcN (KW)Nh vy ta chn bm ly tm c cng sut ng c : 6,5 ( KW ).4.1.2. Tnh ton v chn bm ly tm bm VCM.Thi gian bm VCM vo thit b phn ng l : 20 pht hay 1200 giy.Khi lng VCM cn bm trong mt m phn ng: 59 , 1238543619 , 49550 m(kg)Khi lng ring ca VCM nhit 25 oC l = 899(kg/m3).Nng