Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
TOGO
Facts• Officialname:République
Togolaise(TogoleseRepublic)• Formofgovernment:mul5party
republicwithonelegisla5vehouse
• Headofstateandgovernment:President:FaureGnassingbé,
• Capital:Lome• Officiallanguage:French• Officialreligion:none• Monetaryunit:
CFAfranc(CFAF)
• Popula>on:7,607,000• Totalarea:(sqmi)
21,853• Urban-ruralpopula>on
Urban:(2014)39.5%Rural:(2014)60.5%
• LifeexpectancyMale:(2015)61.9yearsFemale:(2015)67.2years• Literacy:Male:(2015)78.3%Female:(2015)55.3%• GNIpercapita(U.S.$):540
LandandClimate• Togoisanarrow,oblong-shapedcountrythatliesalongtheGulfofGuineaforonly32miles(51kilometers)butextendsinlandfor320miles
• TogoisaboutthesizeofTennessee• AtitswidestpointTogoisonly75mileswide.• Togohasatropicalclimate,withgenerallywarmtohottemperatures.
• Thecoastalzoneisthedriestregion,withonlyabout35inchesofrainayear.TheweZestregionintheinlandreceivesabout70inchesofraineachyear.
• Duringtherestoftheyear,thenorthernclimateisdominatedbytheharmaZan,ahot,dustytradewindthatoriginatesinthesouthernSahara
PlantsandAnimals
• LandscapeismostlySavannas.• Inthesouthernplateauslargetrees,includingthebaobab,grow.
• Thesouthwesternhighlandregionsarecoveredwithtropicalforests
• Monkeys,snakes,andlizardsarenumerousinmanyareas,andcrocodilesandhippopotamusesaboundintherivers.
• IntheKeranForestReserveinthenorth,therearewildherdsofbuffalo,asses,warthogs,antelope,anddeer.
People
• Togo’smanyindigenoustribesincludetheMina,andOuatchiinthesouthandtheKabreandGourousiinthenorth.
• TheEwe,whoemigratedfromNigeriabetweenthe14thand16thcentury,formthemajorethnicgroup
• Mostofthecountry’snon-Africans—themajorityofwhomareFrench—liveinLomé.Brazilians,orPortugueseofBrazilianbirth,cons5tutedtheoriginaltradingseZlementinTogo.
• Thepopula5onofTogoismadeupofabout30ethnicgroups,manyofwhomareimmigrantsfromotherpartsofwesternAfrica.
Language,Religion
• Frenchisthena5onallanguagebutnotwidelyspoken.
• WidelyspokenindigenouslanguagesincludeEweinthesouthandKabiyeinthenorth.
• Almosthalfofthepopula5onisChris5an,manyofwhomareRomanCatholic.
• Aboutone-thirdofTogo’spopula5onadherestovariousancestralformsofbelief,includingsectsassociatedwithVoodoo
Economy• Togohaswell-diversifiedagriculture,unlikemostAfricancountries.– Corn,yams,cassavas,pineapples,bananas,andpeanutsaregrownforhomeconsump5on.
– Coffee,cacao,andcoZonareproducedmainlyforexport.
• CaZlearetheprincipalwealthofthepastoraluplands.Togohasrichdepositsofphosphate,chromite,iron,andbauxite.
• Thechiefforestproductsaredyewoods,orwoodfromwhichcoloringmaZerisextracted,andpalmkernels,fromwhichpalmoilisobtained.
EarlyHistory
• ManyEuropeanna5onsusedTogoaspartoftheirbasestogainslaves,earningthisareaofWestAfricathenicknamethe‘SlaveCoast’.
• Un5l1884TogolandwasanindeterminatebufferzonebetweenthewarringstatesofAsanteandDahomey.
• Betweenthe11thand16thcenturies,Togowaspopulatedbyvarioustribes,whomigratedherefromnearbyareas.LiZleisknownaboutthehistoryofthecountrybeforethis5me.
TogolandHistory• TogowasoriginallypartoftheTogoprotectoratethatGermanyacquiredin1884,soGermanycouldcheckinonexpansionofGreatBritainandFrancealongtheGuineacoast.
• AkertheGermany’slossinWorldWarI,itwasdividedbetweenBritain(tothewest)andFrance(totheeast)
• In1956,areferendumshowedthattheTogolesewantedself-government,soFrancemadeFrenchTogolandaself-governingrepublicwithintheFrenchUnion.
• TogowonindependenceandjoinedtheUnitedNa5onsin1960.SylvanusOlympiobecamepresidentin1961
ModernHistory• 1963Olympio’sgovernmentwasoverthrown,andhewaskilled.• 1967AnarmycoupledbyGeneralEyadémaoustedthesucceeding
government.Eyadémabecamepresidentandbannedopposi5onpar5es.• 1991:Poli5calpar5eswerelegalizedforthefirst5mein1991• 1992:Anewcons5tu5onwasadoptedallowingformul5partyelec5ons.• 1993:Eyadémawasreelected(andagainin1998)amidwidespread
controversyoverfraudaccusa5onsandhumanrightsabuses.• 2001:Akerayearlonginves5ga5on,ajointUnitedNa5onspanel
concludedinthathundredsofTogolesehadbeentorturedorexecutedduringthe1998elec5onperiod.
• 2005:Eyadéma(whowasre-electedin2002)diedandhissonFaureGnassingbé,wasappointedbythemilitarytosucceedhim,butviolentdemonstra5onsandinterna5onalpressureforcedGnassingbétoresignandagreetoholdelec5ons.
• April24,2005,Gnassingbéwaselectedpresidentwith60%ofthevote.
FunFacts• Togomeans“HouseofSea”inthe
Ewelanguage• TheKoutammakoulandscapein
northeasternTogo,whichextendsintoneighboringBenin,ishometotheBatammariba,whoseremarkablemudtowerhouseshavecometobeseenasasymbolofTogo.
• Inmostruralareas,asaculturalrule,awoman'slegsmustbecoveredatall5mes.However,itisacceptableforherbreaststobeexposed.
• TheofficialTogolesedrinkiscalledsodabi,whichisaliquorcreatedfromthedis5lla5onofpalmwine.