Tom Kilcer, CCA Advanced Ag Systems LLC

Tom Kilcer, CCA

Advanced Ag Systems LLC

www.advancedagsys.com


Growth Potential -

light intensity & hours

6/21

Summer

Annual Winter forage Winter forage

Sept 20 April 20

Winter Forages are

Cover Crops on Steroids:

.

Advanced Ag Systems LLC /NYFVI

all the soil/nutrient benefits plus

immediate return to your checkbook

• Produce forage for the high and fresh cows.

• Supports a high forage diet

• Have forage that keeps the cows milking in hot weather.

• Increase dry matter harvested/acre by 25 – 35%

• Harvest 6 to 10 tons/acre of high quality silage before

spring grasses or legumes are ready.


Winter Forage


/NYFVI

Average Low High

DM 24.28 19.93 27.5

Crude Protein 20.35 19.71 21.07

ADF 25.42 24.06 27.53

aNDF 40.28 38.54 42.58

aNDFom 37.91 35.88 40.12

Ash 7.61 7.38 7.93

Lignin 1.02 0.44 1.87

Sugar 6.16 4.81 7.11

Starch 4.60 2.6 5.48

NDFD 30 68.21 65.57 70.21

NDFD 120 88.13 82.47 93.06

NDFD 240 98.30

uNDF240 0.69

TTNDFD 66.45 64.11 69.44

RFQ 193 176 206

RFV 160 147 169

Kd%/hr 5.74

Nel 0.75 0.731 0.762

Lactic 7.97 7.44 9.24

Acetic 0.77 0.47 1.02

Butyric 0.44 0.4 0.5

pH 3.76 3.63 3.83

Fermented

Winter Forage

Samples

TTNDFd 42

=Avg. Corn

Silage or Alfalfa

Silage

>48% = Good

+ Sulfur

Improves Soil Structure

Benefits Next Crop

Corn grain increased yield 4 – 7%

Soybeans 3yr avg. increased yield 8 – 15%

Nitrate in drainage water reduced 21-38%

Surface permeability in clay loam increased 7X!


Drury et al J. Environ Qual 2012


60% less moisture in soil in spring

Break-Even Yield by N Addition and

Impact on Corn Silage -- N Rate Study

Break-Even Winter Cereal Yields

No impact on

corn silage

yields

1 ton DM/acre

reduction in corn

yield

ton DM/acre

No additional N

fertilizer 0.7 1.7

With 75 lbs N/ac

MERN 1.0 2.0

Hanchar et al. (2015). Double cropping winter cereals for forage following corn

silage: costs of production and expected changes in profit for New York dairy

farms. What’s Cropping Up? 25(4).



“Cover” Crop Winter Forage

Optimum Planting Date

10 Days to 2 Weeks

BEFORE Wheat


Earlier Planting = Higher Yields

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

September 9 October 5

To

ns

Dry

Ma

tter

/Acr

e

Planting Date

+20% Yield Increase


Double Crop with Short Season vs

Max Season Corn Silage

Dr. Cox, Cornell

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

86-90day 91-95 96-100 86-90+

Ton

s 3

5%

Dm

Sil

age

1680 kg/ha of silage lost for every

5 day (US) shorter season corn


1680 kg/ha of silage lost for every

5 day (US) shorter season corn


Winter Forage DM Yield

4479 – 8958 kg/ha

3818 – 8018 kg milk

2 – 4 x GAIN

1720 kg of milk lost 20 day drop

Single vs Double Crop Silage Yield

20 17 17

0 5.7

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

single double double2

Ton

s 3

5%

DM

/yea

r

summer corn

winter triticale


Brachytic Dwarf

BMR Forage

Sorghum

Grain Sorghum

Summer

Energy Crops

2016 Miner Institute Trial

• Corn Silage lost 4 tons/acre planted into

rye.

• Corn in disked rye had no yield loss.

• Vermont disked rye had 2 ton/acre GAIN


Winter Grains Have Alleopathy

Cornell Cooperative Extension in

Rensselaer Co.

Corn Plants/Plot Following Winter

Grains

90.7

57.9

67.5

79.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Fallow Triticale Wheat Barley

Brown, 2005

Corn Plant Vigor Following

Winter Grains

4

1.91.7

2.3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Vig

or R

ati

ng

Fallow Triticale Wheat Barley

Brown, 2005


Strip Till or Zone Till

Negates Allelopathy on

Corn as significant (>5

cm) rainfall does

Miner Institute Yield by Year of Stand

2.75

3

3.25

3.5

3.75

4

4.25

4.5

4.75

5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Year of Stand

Seeding Year Yield with Winter Forage

2.75

3

3.25

3.5

3.75

4

4.25

4.5

4.75

5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Year of Stand

With triticale harvested in

spring one cutting of alfalfa

Advanced Ag Systems

LLC

• Reduces Seeding Risk

• Increases Seeding Year Yield

• Stops Erosion Loss

• Inhibits Weeds

• Moves work load from April

to early June

Alfalfa

Red Clover

Soybean


Low Rate Glyphosate

High Volume Water Carrier

Establishing High Yield Winter Forage

• Seed/variety selection

• Seed treatment

• Planting date

• Fall fertilization

• Planting technique


Choose the best

crop

• Lodging is a potential issue with

rye.

• Lodging is rare with winter

triticale forage.

• New triticale varieties are

almost as early as rye.

• Triticale out yields rye 35%

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Yie

ld a

t O

pti

mu

m N

Rate

(

ton

s D

M/a

cre

)

Rye

Triticale

Wheat

Yield at Optimum N Rate

Dr. Ketterings, Cornell U

0

75

150

225

300

Farm 1: Cereal Rye M

ilk (k

g h

a-1)

RF

Q

As growth stage

advances:

• RFQ declines

• Milk/ha increases

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

0

0

75

150

225

300Farm 2: Triticale

Farm 3: Wheat

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

0

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

0 RFQ

Milk/ha

2) At the species

level, how do yield

and forage quality

change over time? 0

75

150

225

300

Two nodes Boot Headed

Growth stage Jeff Liebert Cornell U


25% Rye

75% Triticale

Don’t Buy Cheap Bin-Run VNS Seed!

You would not buy bin run corn seed

Don’t buy bin run triticale or hybrid rye


Late plantings yielded

up to 28% more with

seed treatments

compared to none.

Seed treatment below

with early planting

yielded 15% more than

not treated seed at left.

Sept week 1 Sept week 2

Sept week 3 Sept week 4

Oct week 1


10 Day – 2 Weeks before Wheat Grain


October Planting

September Planting

September 9 planting: harvested May 10

October 5 planting: harvested May 17


4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

28-Aug 7-Sep 17-Sep 27-Sep

Number of Tillers/plant by Planting Date

Tillers = Yield Potential

Yield/Soil Benefits Accrue

According to Fall Biomass

Produced


September 9

October 6

Biomass is Driven by Planting Date

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Sept 6 Oct 6

Po

un

ds

of

Dry

Matt

er/A

cre



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50

Lb

s N

/Acr

e

Tons Dry Matter/Acre

Lbs. of Nitrogen/Acre

Stored in Living Biomass

Nitrogen Stored is Driven by Biomass X

Planting Date

62

4 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sept 6 Oct 6

Po

un

ds

of

N S

tore

d/A

cre



61 76

123

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

9/9/17 10/6/17

Pou

nd

s o

f N

/Acr

e Total N (vegetation + Soil NH3 + NO3)

soil veg


1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

Sept Control Sept Manure Oct Control Oct Manure

Ton

s D

ry M

att

er/A

cre

Impact of Fall Nitrogen x Planting Date on

Spring Yield

+14%

+33%

N Rate Study Results Yield and Optimum N Rate

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Yie

ld a

t O

pti

mal

N R

ate

(to

ns

DM

/acr

e)

Optimal N Rate (lbs of N/acre)

Rye

Triticale

Wheat

Ketterings et al



3.175 cm

deep

1.27 cm

Heaved


Uniformity of Stand is Critical in

Corn and in Small Grains.


Phil Needham

http://needhamag.com

270-785-0999



Fall

Spring

Dual Season

Nitrogen

Management


2.50

3.50

4.50

5.50

6.50

7.50

8.50

0 30 60 90 120

To

ns

35

%D

M S

ilag

e/A

Lbs N/A Spring

Sept 10 Fall vs Spring N Response Preliminary

0

30

60

90

12


2.50

3.50

4.50

5.50

6.50

7.50

8.50

0 30 60 90 120

To

ns

35

%D

M S

ilag

e/A

Lbs N/A Spring

Oct 5 Fall vs Spring N Response Preliminary

0

30

60

90

12

Impact of Sulfur on Protein

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

46-0-0 21-0-0

% C

rud

e P

rote

in

115 lb N/A

100 lb N/A


We Do NOT Suggest

Topdress Manure

on stands in spring

We have had some horrible results from

manure contamination in high sugar forage


Nitrogen Removal at Optimal N Rate

N Removal (lbs/acre)

Species Number of fields Average Min Max

Rye 8 92 32 131

Triticale 33 99 42 163

Wheat 4 59 9 95

N Rate Study Results Nitrogen Uptake

About 23 kg of N removed for every 900 kg DM

Ketterings et al

111 kg/ha typical rate


“Stage of growth has a bigger effect on forage quality than the

species of winter grain chosen”

Dr. J. Cherney, Cornell University

Harvesting Winter Triticale

Winter Forage

Matures just before cool

season grasses


Stage 8 Stage 9 Stage

10

Change in Feed Quality


5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5

10

6-May 11-May 16-May 21-May 26-May 31-May

Kd

rate

/hr

Harvest Date

2013

2010


Date High

Temp

Low

Temp

May 10 25.0 11.1

May 11 17.2 8.3

May 12 11.7 3.9

May 13 9.4 0.6

May 14 15.5 -0.6

May 15 30.0 9.4

Winter Triticale Harvest 2013

Date High Temp Low Temp

May 10 77 52

May 11 63 47

May 12 53 39

May 13 49 33

May 14 60 31

May 15 86 49

Wide Swath Same Day Haylage

is Critical to Capture Forage

Quality

High Sugar – 20% at harvest

High Yielding : 6 – 14 Tons/Acre in one cut


Advanced Ag Systems

LLC



Lumps

Lumps Lumps

Lumps Lumps

Triticale


Advanced Ag Systems

LLC

Tedding Speeds Drying

Harvest of

Winter Triticale Forage

• Mow wide (swath >80% of cutterbar)

• Tedd after 2 hours of drying

• Chop longer 2.5 cm???

• Ensile/wrap the same day as mowed

unless temp < 4 C

• Homolactic acid type bacteria

• Very high sugar allows full fermentation


Subscribe at

[email protected]


Questions?

[email protected]

Advanced Ag Systems LLC.

http://www.advancedagsys.com

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Tom Kilcer, CCA Advanced Ag Systems LLC