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7/25/2019 Toxicologie Clinica Curs Nr 3
1/11
Toxicologie clinicaCurs nr. 3
Diagnosticul intoxicatiilor acute
Istoric:
expunerea unde, cand, de ce , cat ?
martori ai evenimentului; container simptome-dupa ingestie pana la prezentarea la spital; ex: voma, dispnee,
tuse, modifcari de constienta, convulsii
ce terapie s-a eectuat
Examen fzic
alterarea statusului mental
- parametri
simptomatologia relevanta toxidroame
alte simptome fzice come toxice particularitati
diagnosticul de laborator
Simptome relevante pt. dg. toxicologic
hiper termie
hipotermia
hipotensiune
hipertensiunea
bradicardia
tahicardia
delir, psihoza
coma
convulsii
mioza
midriaza
nistagmus
nevrita optica
hemoragie retiniana
otalmoplegia
Piele: cianoza, eritem, diaoreza,
acnee, piele uscata
Tulburari de gust si miros
abdomioliza
!impt" musculare
#europatie perierica
$epatotoxicitate
#erotoxicitate
!impt" pulmonare
Hipotensiunea
%sociata sau nu cu hipoperuzie tisulara
deprimarea constientei
vasoconstrictie perierica
acidoza metabolica
oligurie
mecanismele hipoperuziei
& presarcina: nitriti, nitrati
'
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hipovolemie: metale grele, colchicina, intox alimen
( postsarcina
& contractilitatea: clonidina, barbiturice,
alte hipnotice, narcotice, antidepresive triciclice
)*+min
rec!enta cardiaca debit cardiac&
'*+min
disritmii: solventi, enol, uoroacetat
tul"urari de conducere: dinitroenol, as, p, op, carbamati, li, co, cn, h.s,
cloralhidrat, antidep"triciclice, chinidin, enotiazine, succinilcolina, cocaina,
digitalice, /-blocante, teoflina, hidantoina, verapamil
Aritmia cardiaca de origine toxica
antid" triciclice chinina
enotiazine
clorochin
monoxid carbon
cloralhidrat
cianuri
enol
cocaina
arsenic digitalice
dinitroenol
calciu blocante
uoroacetat
/ blocante
succinilcolina
clonidina
etanol
Compusi convulsivanti
ag contrast iodati
ac" nalidixic
organoosorice
stricnina
antihistaminice
antidepresive
antipsihotice
ag hipoglicemianti
oxigen hiperbar
izoniazida
cocaina
co, pb, li
.
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Neuropatii toxice
neuropatie senzoriala
etionamida
parestezii
streptomicin
acid nalidixic
neuropatie mixta #s$m%
izoniazida
etambutol
o predominant motor
sulamide
ne!rita optica
metanol, arsenic organic, etambutol, hin, pb, sulamide
Compusi miotici
A. central locus coeruleus
- scade tonus simpatic central
'" agonisti 0 : clonidina
." receptori opiacei: morfna, heroina
1" coma prounda: deprimante, barbiturice, benzodiazepine, etanol
2" hemoragia pontina B. efecte pe rec. periferici
" 0 blocare: prazosin, enotiazine
)" anticolinesterazice: carbamati, o, enciclidina
3" stimulare muscarinica: amanita muscaria
C . efecte ganglionare
4" stimulare nicotinica: nicotina
d. efecte locale: pilocarpina
diverse: bromura
cai rezistente la agresiunea toxico-metabolica conservarea raspunsului oto-motor 5diagnostic dierential cu coma
structurala6
exceptie: anticolinergice, glutetimida
Midriaza medicamentoasa
anticolinergice:
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Midriaza toxica
Hepatotoxice 5exemple6
&erotoxice 5exemple6
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compusi care genereaza febra
'ecanisme toxice hipertermizante
'" intererenta cu meta"olismul oxidati!: salicilati, dinitroenol, sdr"
intrerupere, h" tiroidieni
." cresterea rigiditatii musculare: stricnina, enciclidina
1" hiperacti!itate: ametamine, lsd, cocaina, enciclidina, mescalina, imao,
glutetimida, triciclice2" impiedicarea transpiratiei: anticolinergice, antihistaminice, adt,
enotiazine
" hipertermia maligna: rar asociere halotan suscinilcolina
)" sdr. neuroleptic malign: rar, terapia cu : enotiazine, butiroenone, li,
tioxanteni, intrerupere l-dopa
- hiperpirexie
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- hipertonie musculara
- instabilitate vegetativa
- constienta uctuanta
- ara corelatie cu durata sau doza
Hipertermia maligna
deect congenital
delansare : narcotice 5uzual6
debut lent
rapid
evolutie dramatica: 17 2* c
* 8 predispozitie +cp9 (
medicamentoasa
sdr. neuroleptic malign
narcotice inhalatorii:
enuran, eter etilic, uorexen, halotan,
izouran, metoxiuran, tricloretilen
relaxante musculare5curarizante6
decametoniu, d-tubocurarina, succinilcolina
cauze asociate
stress 5emotional, fzic6
Hipotermia
rezistenta vasculara perierica crescuta
index cardiac scazut
etanol narcotice
narcotice morfnice monoxid carbon
barbiturice insulina 5hipoglicemie6
cloralhidrat glutetimida
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Tulburari digestive toxice
fer
mercur
litiu
osor arsenic
ciuperci
teoflina voma, diaree sau ambele
colchicina hemoragie 5e6
uoruri op
Mirosuri specice ptr. unele toxice
Compusi care coloreaza urina
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Coma
pentru diagnosticul toxicologic: nespecifc debut rapid: cianuri, hidrogen sulurat, monoxid carbon, opiacee,
barbiturice
nivel uctuant al constientei: enciclidina, glutetimida
substante deprimante:
o etanol, metanol, isopropanol
o sedativ-hipnotice
o benzodiazepine
o anticolinergice 5delir6
o anticonvulsivante 5enitoin, acid valproic6
o antidepresive 5imao, triciclice6
o antihistaminice 5dienhidramina6o barbiturice
o bromuri
o opiacee
o tranchilizante: minore, maore
(cala glasgo) pentru come #3 * +, p%
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!cala come reed
Hiatus anionic
acidoza meta"olica
a6 ingestie b6 excretie
productie pierdere alcalina
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hiatus anionic normal -5= 6'. me+l
hiatus anionic toxic acumulare de acizi organici
acid lactic 5co, cn-, hin, e6
acid ormic
etanol paraldehida
toluen fer
metanol izoniazida
uremia acidoza lactica
cetoacidoza etilenglicol
salicilati stricnina
-cidoza lactica toxica:
compusi hipotensori
compusi convulsivanti
deprimante respiratorii
compusi hepatotoxici
compusi nerotoxici
iatus osmolal
hiatus osmolal osmolalitate masurata- osmolalitate calculata
osmol" calculata . = glucoza = bun
'4 .,4
valoare @ '* mosm anormal manitol etanol
glicerol cloroorm
sorbitol metanol
etilenglicol izoniazida
paraldehida acetona
tricloretan eter
Exemple toxidroame mai rec!ent intalnite
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