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9/25/2012 1 Transportation Logistics and Risk Management in Europe Andrea K. Walbert CPIM, CSCP, PLS Andrea K. Walbert CPIM, CSCP, PLS Andrea is the Managing Director of PMI Production Management Institute GmbH, the APICS Authorized Education Management Institute GmbH, the APICS Authorized Education Provider in Germany. She also teaches CPIM and CSCP. Andrea has more than 13 years professional experience in enrolling and changing global SCM and IT processes. She worked as Director Supply Chain Tools & Infrastructure at Qimonda AG, IT Project Manager at Infineon Technologies AG, S ppl Chain Manager at Sando Pharmace ticals GmbH and Supply Chain Manager at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, and Senior IT Consultant at BearingPoint Consulting in Germany.

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9/25/2012

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Transportation Logistics and Risk Management in Europe

Andrea K. Walbert CPIM, CSCP, PLS

Andrea K. Walbert CPIM, CSCP, PLS

Andrea is the Managing Director of PMI Production Management Institute GmbH, the APICS Authorized EducationManagement Institute GmbH, the APICS Authorized Education Provider in Germany. She also teaches CPIM and CSCP.

Andrea has more than 13 years professional experience in enrolling and changing global SCM and IT processes. She worked as Director Supply Chain Tools & Infrastructure at Qimonda AG, IT Project Manager at Infineon Technologies AG, S ppl Chain Manager at Sando Pharmace ticals GmbH andSupply Chain Manager at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, and Senior IT Consultant at BearingPoint Consulting in Germany.

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Session Description

• Understand that making business in Europe can be slightly different of making business in other part ofslightly different of making business in other part of the world

• Be able to consider that transportation risks are as important along the supply chain than suppliers risks or market risks

• Knowing that European solutions may be transposed to make them also operating in non‐European business environments

Contents

1. European Union at a Glance

2. Major European Supply Chain Risks

3. European Risk Reduction Activities

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27 countries:

• lack of territorial continuity

• 4 are islands : Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, United Kingdom

5 h l i l d

European Union at a Glance

• 5 have large islands

Longest road distances:

• Lisboa – TallinSW‐NE 2,593 miles

• Glasgow – AthensNW‐SE 2,365 miles

Europe is Split in two:

1. Southern Europe almost only mountains: Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Balkans, Pyrenees

2. NW‐ and North Europe: Highest point: Vaalserberg (NL) 1000 '

3. Few passes through thru Pyrenees and Alps

Map copied from EU website: http://europa.eu/abc/maps/index_fr.htm

Data from Eurostat:

• Road 78 %

• Rail 16 %

Means of Transportation

• River 9 %

Total traffic In/out EU ports

• Ocean  3 500 Mt (metric)

• Air 14 Mt (metric)

No valid data for pipeline

Map copied from EU website: http://europa.eu/abc/maps/index_fr.htm

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Comparison with US Mainland

• Capability to travel by land transport from any point in US mainland to another point in US mainlandin US mainland to another point in US mainland 

• Great mountain obstacle: Rocky Mountains

• Longest road distances:NW – SE: Seattle WA – Miami FL 3 300 milesSW – NE: San Diego CA – Bangor ME 3 300 milesSW  NE: San Diego CA  Bangor ME 3 300 miles

Freight Transport Comparison EU - USA

billion tkmEU‐27 2009

USA2008 (6)

JAPAN2009

CHINA2008

RUSSIA2008

Road 1691.4 1922.9 334.7 3286.8 180.0

Rail 361.6 2594.7 (7) 20.6 2510.6 1865.0

Inland Waterways 119.8 456.4 1741.2 53.0

Oil Pipeline 120.2 814.2 194.4 (8) 2246.0

Sea (domestic / intra‐EU‐27) 1336.0 303.5 167.3 3285.1 97.0

Source: EU Transport in Figures; European Commission, Statistical Pocketbook 2011

Notes: (6) USA: data for road and oil pipelines are of 2007.(7) USA: Class I rail.(8) China: oil and gas pipelines.

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Contents

1. European Union at a Glance

2. Major European Supply Chain Risks

3. European Risk Reduction Activities

Major European Supply Chain Risks

1. Economic and Political Union of 27 Countries only 

2. Different Labor Unions

3. Customs Regulations

4. Different Stages of Infrastructure Development

5. Complex Cargo Constraints (see next)

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Cargo Constraints: Rail

• Different Signaling and Control Systems

• Seven Gauge Sizes 

• Seven Types of Electric Currents

• Own Safety Certifications for Train Rolling Stock in each EU Country

N i R d ti P C i• Noise Reduction Programme Causing

• Inconsistent Investment in Mid to Long Distance Rail Networks

Cargo Constraints: Road

• Eurovignette, 5 different national vignettes and 8 different tags and tolling contractsdifferent tags and tolling contracts

• Urban access policies (Low Emission Zones) in many cities across the EU. Effect on Fleet Composition.

• Truck operations forbidden from 60 ‐ 75 days a year

• Different petroleum and motor vehicle tax perDifferent petroleum and motor vehicle tax per country

• Limitations for Longer Heavier Vehicles (LHVs)

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Cargo Constraints: Air

• Ban on Night Flights on European Airports 

• EU Carbon Tax on Airlines since January 2012(Emission Trading System ‐ ETS)

• Many Local Initiatives against Additional Runways

• Air traffic control: EU‐Project SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research)(Single European Sky ATM Research)

• AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) Status only accepted by U.S. since July 2012 

Risk Impact

1. Missing Transportation System Standardization

2. Lead Times Long and Inconsistent

3. Limited Labor Flexibility due to Labor Unions

4. Capacity Restrictions due to Space Limitations

5. Counterfeit in Eastern European Countries

6. North‐South and West‐East Security and Accessibility Issues

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Contents

1. European Union at a Glance

2. Major European Supply Chain Risks

3. European Risk Reduction Activities

Setup of Structural Flexibility in the Supply Chain to Minimize Risks

Product Design Supply Chain Design Di ersification

Supply Chain E ec tion

‐Modularity‐ Postponement

Diversification‐Manufacturing footprint‐ Sourcing footprint‐ Plant layout ‐ Distribution network and transportation modes

Execution‐ Buffer (inventory, capacity, lead‐time)‐ Agility‐ Collaboration: VMI, CPFR, ECR

Source: Adapted from Martin Christopher, Matthias Holweg, (2011) "“Supply Chain 2.0”: managing supply chains in the era of turbulence", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 41 Iss: 1, pp.63 ‐ 82

modes

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From Stable to Structural Flexible Supply Chains - Recommendations

• Dual sourcing

• Asset sharing

• Separating “base” from “surge” demand

• Postponement

• Flexible labor arrangements

• Rapid manufacture

• OutsourcingSource: Martin Christopher, Matthias Holweg, (2011) "“Supply Chain 2.0”: managing supply chains in the era of turbulence", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 41 Iss: 1, pp.63 ‐ 82

What to do? - Risk Management Initiatives –OEMs

•Operational Hedging 

•Re‐Sequencing (Daimler)

•Total‐Landed‐Cost‐Approach 

•Consolidation of many Supply Chains to one SC

•Dual or multiple sourcing from 1st to n‐tier suppliers

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What to do? Example: Automotive Industry

Daimler: Manager Group Research & Advanced Engineering der Daimler AG in Ulm/Germany:Daimler AG in Ulm/Germany:

•„Operational Hedging“: Employees assemble at one assembly line not only 1, but up to 5 models. As the factories are located in different countries the risk is shared.

•„Re‐Sequencing“: Frequent resorting of order sequences reduces risks in production and saves money.p y

What to do? Example: Automotive Industry

Opel: Director Supply Chain Planning at Adam Opel AG in Rüsselsheim/Germany:Rüsselsheim/Germany:

• „Total‐Landed‐Cost‐Approach“: Central procurement takes into account not only the price and transportation costs, but also a risk factor, calculated based on standardized methods.

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What to do? Example: Automotive Industry

Ford: Manager European SCM at Ford Werke GmbH in Cologne/Germany:Cologne/Germany: 

• 1 instead of 4 supply chains

What to do? Example: Automotive Industry

Audi: Director Brand Logistics at Audi:

S l Ti 1 S li h i d i hi 2• Select a Tier 1‐Supplier, who is producting his parts at 2 manufacturing sites to minimize the risks .

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What to do? - Risk Management Initiatives –Retail Industry

• Co‐opetition on Transportation & Warehousing 

• Joint Warehouse operated by DHL in Krefeld/Germany

• Joint Warehouse operated by FIEGE in Bocholt/Germany 

• Multimodal Transport Sharing Initiative (TSI) using an Independent Logistics Optimizer (ILO) in Europe is planned.

What to do?Cooperation between Competitors (1/2)

• MARS received 2010 the European• MARS received 2010 the „European Award for Logistics Excellence“ from the „European Logistics Association“ (ELA) for its project Fleet Sharing. 

• Shared trucks and warehouses of l i i id i h

Project slogan: “C titi common logistics providers with 

FERRERO and customers.“Competition on the shelf, not on 

the truck!“

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What to do?Cooperation between Competitors (2/2)

Benefits: 

• Reduction of inventory at MARS & FERRERO and also at their customers (e.g. supermarket chain EDEKA):

• MARS: average days of supply reduction by 2 days 

• EDEKA: average days of supply reduction by 5 days

• Reduction of empty runs between one customer and the logistics service provider Rigterink by 9.000 km per year

• Reduction of downtime per delivery by one hour

What to do?Multi-modal Transport Sharing Initiative (TSI)

• Trial collaboration between Consumer Goods and Retail Companies (Nestlé Kraft Colgate TescoRetail Companies (Nestlé, Kraft, Colgate, Tesco, Ahold and more) for bringing goods from road to rail in Europe. 

• A legal entity is planned to be setup in 2012 to play the role as independent logistics optimizer (ILO), startup is planned for 2013 but many legalstartup is planned for 2013, but many legal obstacles need to be resolved first.

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Conclusion

1. Transportation is one very important element of risk management in Europerisk management in Europe. 

2. There are currently many EU initiatives to create one European transportation network to strengthen Europe’s position in the global market. 

3. Companies have implemented risk sharing initiatives and better collaboration as a result of the recent financial crisis and disasters (external) and more structural flexible supply chains (internal).

Thank you for your attention!

Any questions ?y q

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Contact

Andrea Walbert, Managing Director

andrea.walbert@pmi‐m.de

Mobile +49 (160) 91096191

PMI Production Management Institute GmbH

APICS AEP in Germany

Lena‐Christ‐Strasse 50, D ‐ 82152 Planegg / Germany 

www.pmi‐m.de