Four anterior flagellaThe single lateral flagellum (the
undulating membrane(
2. Life cycle (One host,
one stage)
Male--urethra, prostate glandInhabitingsites
Infective stage
Mode of infectionFemale--vagina, urethraTrophozoit (Multiplies
by longitudinal binary fission)Contact Direct contact sexual
intercourse Indirect contact sharing the hygiene utilities
cell-detaching factorcauses detachment of the hosts cell
Women Under Normal condition The viginal Secretions: pH3.8-4.4
Control the growth and reproduction of
parasitesNon-pathogenicvaginal epithelium rich in
glycogenBacilli(normal flora)lactic acidSelf-cleaning function of
vagina:convert
Women under some conditions (pregnancy, after Menses,
etc.Reduction in acidity of vaginaThe trophozoites multiplies
rapidly Vaginitis(of pH rising above 5.0)If T.v infects the women
at this timeBecause of the T.v competitively take advantage of the
glucogen, the pH of the vagina rises up higher and is therefore
advantage of growth of other pathogenic bacteria.
(2) Pathologic changes Reddened vaginal mucosa can be seen. In
severe cases, petechial hemorrhages is present. (3) Clinical
manifestation 1Vaginitiswhite, frothy discharge (creamy white in
color, full of bacteria ) foul-smelling Itching, Vaginal burning,
The vaginal secretions are liquid, greenish or yellow Frequency of
urination(), Dysuria
2) In male Usually asymptomatic Frequency of urination Dysuria
Prostate may be enlarged , Prostatitis
4. Diagnosis (1)Parasitic diagnosis1 Direct smear Saline smear()
StainingspecimenDischarge from posterior vaginal fornix, Urine,
Secretion of prostate gland 2Cultivationspecimen above3748h
microscopic exam (2)Immunologic testAg detection (3)DNA probe
5. Epidemiology (1)Didtribution world wide, especially in female
at the age group of 2040, average prevalence is 28.
In America2 ~ 3million infective cases per year In Chinawide
spread
Indirect contactpublic bathtub , towels, toilet seats, bathing
suit The trophozoits can survive for 14h ~ 20h in semi-drying
environment, for 7h at -10 for 102h at 40 , for 30 min on toilet
seat, for 45h ~ 150h in soap-water The trophozoites have strong
resistance to the outside environment : (2)Transmission 1The source
of infectionpatientcarrier including male 2The route of infection
Direct contactsexual intercourse (STD)
6. Treatment and Prevention(1) Control of infective
sourcesscreening detection of patients and carriers Oral
administrationMetronidazole, TinidazoleRemark: sexual partners must
be treated at the same time(2) Block the routes of
transmissionImprove the public swimming pool, toilet, etc (3)
Protection of population: Keep good personal hygiene Safer Sex
