Presented byPresented byRamya.RRamya.R

Tsunami relief disaster Tsunami relief disaster management systemmanagement system

Disaster?Disaster?

�� WHO defines disaster as “any occurrence that WHO defines disaster as “any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health human life, deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the extraordinary response from outside the affected community or areaaffected community or area

Classification of Disaster Classification of Disaster �� Natural versus manmade disastersNatural versus manmade disasters�� Sudden versus slow onSudden versus slow on--set disastersset disasters

Phases of a disaster�� PrePre--Disaster phaseDisaster phase�� Alert phaseAlert phase�� Impact phaseImpact phase�� PostPost--Impact phaseImpact phase�� Reconstruction and rehabilitation phaseReconstruction and rehabilitation phase

What is a tsunami?What is a tsunami?

�� A tsunami is a series of waves with a long A tsunami is a series of waves with a long wavelength and period (time between crests). wavelength and period (time between crests). Time between crests of the wave can vary Time between crests of the wave can vary from a few minutes to over an hour.from a few minutes to over an hour.

�� Tsunamis are often incorrectly called tidal Tsunamis are often incorrectly called tidal waves; they have no relation to the daily ocean waves; they have no relation to the daily ocean tides.tides.

Tsunami (sooTsunami (soo--NAHNAH--mee) is a mee) is a Japanese word Japanese word meaning harbour meaning harbour wave. wave. Tsunamis can Tsunamis can occur at any time occur at any time of day or night.of day or night.

How are tsunamis generated?How are tsunamis generated?

�� Tsunamis are generated by any large, impulsive Tsunamis are generated by any large, impulsive displacement of the sea bed level.displacement of the sea bed level.

�� Earthquakes generate tsunamis by vertical movement Earthquakes generate tsunamis by vertical movement of the sea floor. If the sea floor movement is of the sea floor. If the sea floor movement is horizontal, a tsunami is not generated. Earthquakes of horizontal, a tsunami is not generated. Earthquakes of M M >> 6.5 are critical for tsunami generation.6.5 are critical for tsunami generation.

�� Tsunamis are also triggered by landslides into or Tsunamis are also triggered by landslides into or under the water surface, and can be generated by under the water surface, and can be generated by volcanic activity and meteorite impacts. volcanic activity and meteorite impacts.

How often do tsunamis occur?How often do tsunamis occur?

�� On the average, there are two tsunamis per On the average, there are two tsunamis per year somewhere in the world which cause year somewhere in the world which cause damage near the source.damage near the source.

�� Approximately every 15 years a destructive, Approximately every 15 years a destructive, PacificPacific--wide tsunami occurs.wide tsunami occurs.

�� The destructive tsunami on Dec 26th, 2004 on The destructive tsunami on Dec 26th, 2004 on the Indian Coast seems to have occurred for the Indian Coast seems to have occurred for the first time in the history.the first time in the history.

What does a tsunami look like What does a tsunami look like when it reaches shore?when it reaches shore?

�� Normally, a tsunami Normally, a tsunami appears as a rapidly appears as a rapidly advancing or advancing or receding tide.receding tide.

�� It some cases a bore It some cases a bore (wall of water) or (wall of water) or series of breaking series of breaking waves may form.waves may form.

Tsunami ReliefTsunami Relief

����������������� �����������������

�� Establishment of an Early Warning System Establishment of an Early Warning System �� Emergency ResponseEmergency Response�� Preparedness PlanningPreparedness Planning�� Safe Area DevelopmentSafe Area Development�� Vulnerability Assessment for Preparedness, Vulnerability Assessment for Preparedness,

Mitigation Planning and Risk AnalysisMitigation Planning and Risk Analysis

Problem SituationProblem Situation

Considering a Coastal Village in a remote Considering a Coastal Village in a remote district of south India. Let it be 400 district of south India. Let it be 400 Kilometers from the Head Quarters of the Kilometers from the Head Quarters of the State. Let the Head Quarters of the District be State. Let the Head Quarters of the District be 50 Kilometers from the village. There are 12 50 Kilometers from the village. There are 12 villages in a radius of 25 kilometers around the villages in a radius of 25 kilometers around the model village model village

Contd…Contd…

�� Disaster waste Disaster waste �� Groundwater Groundwater

contamination contamination �� Mass burial of deadMass burial of dead�� Coastal damage Coastal damage �� Beach, soil, crop Beach, soil, crop

and vegetation damage and vegetation damage

Contd…Contd…

�� Danger of epidemicsDanger of epidemics�� Physical injuries and disabilitiesPhysical injuries and disabilities�� Open defecation adds to the illOpen defecation adds to the ill--health health

conditionsconditions�� Health infrastructure almost non existentHealth infrastructure almost non existent

Contd… Contd… Mental disordersMental disorders

Needs for this situationNeeds for this situation

Base HospitalBase Hospital�� Selected village that lies in easy accessSelected village that lies in easy access�� Runs 24 hours a day with doctors, Runs 24 hours a day with doctors,

physiotherapists and nursing attendantsphysiotherapists and nursing attendants�� Center for offering counselingCenter for offering counseling�� XX--ray, lab and ECG facilitiesray, lab and ECG facilities�� PharmacyPharmacy

Needs for this situationNeeds for this situation

Mobile Medical Unit:Mobile Medical Unit:�� Once a week visitOnce a week visit�� Provide referral servicesProvide referral services�� Conduct health awareness campsConduct health awareness camps

Action plan:Action plan:�� A Task Force with at least 2 Doctors, 2 Nurses, 2 A Task Force with at least 2 Doctors, 2 Nurses, 2

Physiotherapists, 2 Counselors, 1 Project Director and Physiotherapists, 2 Counselors, 1 Project Director and 1 Coordinator. This Task Force will meet once a 1 Coordinator. This Task Force will meet once a month to plan out the Health Care Projectsmonth to plan out the Health Care Projects��

Phases of InterventionPhases of InterventionShort term (First month)Short term (First month)�� Immediate reliefImmediate relief�� Commencement of trauma Commencement of trauma managementmanagement�� Initial measures for getting back to the normal routineInitial measures for getting back to the normal routineMedium term (second Medium term (second –– fourth month)fourth month)�� Detailed stocktaking of land use, community needs Detailed stocktaking of land use, community needs

and human and institutional resources for and human and institutional resources for reconstruction.reconstruction.

�� Immediate restoration of crucial communication and Immediate restoration of crucial communication and infrastructureinfrastructure

Long term (Fifth month onwardsLong term (Fifth month onwards))�� Permanent reconstruction and rehabilitationPermanent reconstruction and rehabilitation

ConclusionConclusion

The proposals presented above can be The proposals presented above can be taken as model for rehabilitation and taken as model for rehabilitation and reconstruction across the coastal space, reconstruction across the coastal space, though all interventions should be carried though all interventions should be carried out in accordance with the specific out in accordance with the specific realitiesrealities��

ReferencesReferences

�� www.directrelief.org www.directrelief.org �� www.usaid.gov/locations/asia_near_east/tsunawww.usaid.gov/locations/asia_near_east/tsuna

mi/mi/�� www.developmentgateway.com www.developmentgateway.com �� Text book of Community medicine with recent Text book of Community medicine with recent

advancesadvances-- B.C. Das and D, Shobha Malini B.C. Das and D, Shobha Malini