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Turbine Inlet Cooling: A promising option for increasing Thailand’s electrical capacity
Chris Greacen
March 2007
Inlet cooling for existing turbines
• The laws of thermodynamics dictate that Thailand’s combined cycle natural gas power plants lose capacity when the weather is hot.
• Inlet air cooling is a promising solution.• Well-established technology more than 100 power
plants in hot climates • Increases capacity and efficiency.• Inlet air cooling program for 13 EGAT power plants
would contribute an overall 1140 MW of capacity– without having to fight with villagers to build new power plants.– Installation in months, not years– more cost-effective than building new power plants.
Turbine Inlet Air Cooling fundamentals
• Turbine power output decreases with increasing inlet air temperature
– Power proportional to air inlet mass flow rate
– Combustion turbines admit constant volumetric flow rate
– High temperatures mass flow rate decreases
• Worse heat rate with increasing inlet temperatures
– Compressor less efficient
Greatest generation capacity loss coincides with peak demand
Source: www.turbineinletcooling.org
To address this…
• EGAT derates its power plants
• For example a power plant that would produce 793 MW at 16 deg C is considered a “700 MW” plant (34 deg C)
Thailand has considerable “hidden capacity”, if only the air going into the
power plants were cooler.
Turbine Inlet Cooling (TIC) overcomes the “hot weather/low output” flaw by
cooling ambient air as it enters turbine
Source: www.tas.com
38°C15°C 27°C4°C
Thailand’s peak is highest in hot weather (air conditioning)
Benefits of inlet air cooling
• increased power output• reduced capital cost per
unit of power plant output capacity
• increased fuel efficiency• improved predictability of
power output by eliminating the weather variable
Hundreds of Examples
• Database of over 100 inlet cooling installations. www.turbineinletcooling.org
• hot weather power enhancement of up to 60%(average 31%)
• Installations began in 1970s
• Locations:– USA, Australia, Malaysia,
Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia,Portugal, India, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Iraq, NicaraguaThailand
EGAT turbine inlet cooling plan:Absorption chillers fired by new CHP
No. Power plant
CHP
MW 34°C MW 16.5°CRecovery
MWUnits Capacity Cooling
1 South Bangkok #1 2x4.5 9 MW 6,200 T 315 357 42
2 Nam Phong #1 2x4.5 9 MW 6,200 T 370 419 49
3 Nam Phong #2 2x4.5 9 MW 6,200 T 366 415 49
4 South Bangkok #2 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 618 700 82
5 Wang Noi #1 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 652 739 87
6 Wang Noi #2 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 652 739 87
7 Wang Noi #3 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 723 819 96
8 Bang Pakong #3 2x4.5 9 MW 6,200 T 328 372 44
9 Bang Pakong #4 2x4.5 9 MW 6,200 T 328 372 44
10 Cha Na 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 700 793 93
11 South Bangkok #3 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 700 793 93
12 Bang Pakong #5 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 700 793 93
13 North Bangkok 4x4.5 18 MW 12,400 T 700 793 93
Total 42x4.5 189 MW 952
Costs
Inlet cooling incremental costs New CCGT in Thailand16.5 million baht/MW (EGAT proposed)7.6 million baht/MW (PJM, USA): http://pjm.com/documents/ferc/documents/2005/20050831-er05-___-part-5.pdf
17.8 million baht/MW
Inlet air cooling
http://www.upcomillas.es/catedras/crm/descargas/2005-2006/Gas%20tubine%20Power%20Enhancement.pdf