Year 13 Throwback Homework 1

1. Tom is busy with his schoolwork and revision. He is told by his teacher, Mrs

Smith, to make sure he turns up to lessons early so that he can run errands for

her. Mrs Smith orders Tom to do her photocopying and help prepare the

classroom for her lessons. Using agency theory, explain why Tom might have

obeyed Mrs Smith’s orders even though he was busy. (4)

2. Describe the theory of reconstructive memory. (4)

3. Explain one strength and one weakness of using the correlational research

method, as it is used in biological psychology, to inform our understanding of

aggression. (4)

4. Suraj has severe ornithophobia (fear of birds).

Describe how one therapy based on classical conditioning could be carried out to

help Suraj overcome his phobia. (3)

5. State one factor that would make a psychological study scientific. (1)

Year 13 Throwback Homework 2

1. Jack is two years of age and is learning to use the potty/toilet without the need

for a nappy. His parents are trying to think of ways to encourage Jack to use the

potty/toilet.

Describe how Jack’s parents could use operant conditioning to encourage him to

use the potty/toilet. (4)

2. Manpreet’s family are proud of their daughter’s 10 A grades at GCSE. Her

grandmother thinks that Manpreet has inherited her intelligence, whilst her

parents think that it is due to the extra stimulation she had as a child.

(i) Outline the meaning of the term nature using the example above. (3)

(ii) Outline the meaning of the term nurture using the example above.(3)

3. Jared decided to investigate how many household objects could be recalled by participants when rehearsal was prevented. He conducted a laboratory experiment where he displayed 25 household objects to the participants for one minute. Jared then asked the participants to count backwards from 20 before they attempted to recall as many household objects as they could.

a. State a fully operationalised directional (one-tailed) hypothesis for Jared’s

experiment. (3)

b. Describe an appropriate participant design that Jared could use for this

experiment. (3)

4. Define the concept of ‘agentic state’ as part of agency theory. (2)

5. Define the concept of ‘autonomous state’ as part of agency theory (2)

Year 13 Throwback Homework 3

1. David and Sarah were using their mobile telephones during a lesson. Their teacher asked them to put the mobile telephones away. David immediately put his in his bag, but Sarah refused.

a. Using your knowledge of social impact theory, identify two reasons why David

followed the teacher’s instructions. (2)

b. Using your knowledge of obedience, explain one factor that may account for

Sarah’s refusal to put her mobile telephone away. (2)

2(a) Identify one model or theory of memory. (1)     

(b) Describe the model or theory of memory that you identified in (a) (4)

3. Describe the procedure used in Raine’s study (5)

4. Operant conditioning is a theory from the Learning Approach. Define the

following terms.

(i) Positive reinforcement (2)

(ii) Negative reinforcement (2)

(iii) Punishment (2)

Clinical Questions 11 (a) You will have learned about Carlsson et al. (2000) Network interactions in schizophrenia – therapeutic implications.Describe the role of neurotransmitters in schizophrenia, according to the review by Carlsson et al. (2000). (2)(b) Explain one weakness of Carlsson et al. (2000). (2)

2 You will have carried out a content analysis on attitudes to mental health whilst studying clinical psychology.(a) Describe how you carried out the content analysis for your practical investigation in clinical psychology. (4)(b) Explain one strength of the content analysis for your practical investigation in clinical psychology.(2)(c) Explain one weakness of the content analysis for your practical investigation in clinical psychology. (2)

3 Leonard has carried out an experiment to determine the effectiveness of a new drug in treating a mental health disorder. He recruited his participants through random sampling from a local health authority.He gave half the participants the new drug and half the participants a placebo (sugar pill). The participants did not know whether they received the new drug or the placebo, however Leonard did know.(a) State the independent variable (IV) of Leonard’s experiment. (1)(b) State the dependent variable (DV) of Leonard’s experiment. (1)(c) State a fully operationalised null hypothesis for Leonard’s experiment. (2)(d) Table 1 shows the percentage of reduction in symptoms from Leonard’s experiment.

Calculate Leonard’s results as a ratio.You must express the ratio to the lowest whole numbers. (1)

(e) Leonard concluded that the new drug was more effective in reducing symptoms than the placebo.Explain how Leonard’s interpretation of the results of his experiment may have been influenced by subjectivity.(3)

4 Evaluate one biological explanation of schizophrenia other than the function of neurotransmitters. (8)

Clinical Questions 21 (a) You will have learned about a disorder other than Schizophrenia. Describe one symptom of this disorder (2)

(b) Outline one biological explanation for the disorder you referred to in part (a) (4)

2 (a) Outline the aim of Rosenhan’s (1973) study (1)

(b) Outline the sample of Rosenhan’s (1973) study (1)

(c) Describe the results of Rosenhan’s (1973) study (4)

(d) You will have learned two other comtemporary studies in clinical psychology, aside from Rosenhan (1973). One of these will have been Carlsson et al. (2000) and one will have been from another disorder other than schizophrenia.

Compare Rosenhan’s study in terms of ethics and generalisability with one of the contemporary studies you have learnt. (8)

3 Stephen visits a clinical psychologist compared about his mental health. Since losing his job last year and going through a difficult divorce, Stephen is starting to find it difficult to sleep at night. Stephen finds that he notices people staring at him in the street and this causes him to think they are talking about him. It makes him anxious and he feels himself getting aggressive.

How would the clinical psychologist use the 4Ds of diagnosis to decide if Stephen has a mental illness? You must refer to the context in your answer (6)

4 Evaluate the effectiveness of one treatment for schizophrenia (8)

5 You will have covered one key issue relevant to society in your study of clinical psychology.

Outline your chosen key question using concepts, theories and/or research (as appropriate to the chosen key question) drawn from clinical psychology (20)

Criminal Questions 1

1)Evaluate psychological formulations as a method of treating offenders (8)

2)Describe the cognitive interview (4)3)Describe anger management as a treatment of crime

(4)4)Explain one weakness of using interviews as a way of

gaining information from the offender (2)5)Read the item and then answer the question that

follows.The psychologist had initially intended to use the range as a measure of dispersion in his study but found that one person in Condition A had made an exceptionally low number of verbal errors.

Explain how using the standard deviation rather than the range in this situation, would improve the study. (2)

Criminal Questions 21. Social Learning Theory uses concepts such as modelling to explain anti-social behaviour.

(a) Describe the meaning of the term ‘modelling’ as it is used to explain anti-social behaviour. (3)

(b) Evaluate one explanation of anti-social/criminal behaviour, other than Social Learning Theory. Do not refer to Social Learning Theory in your answer.

(c) Make one comparison (similarity or difference) between the explanation you have written about in (b) and Social Learning Theory as explanations of anti-social/criminal behaviour.

2. Jack is 25 years old and has a long criminal history, including burglary and robbery.

He has spent most of his life living alone with his father who has a history of drug abuse. At age 14 Jack was permanently excluded from school. He never went to his new school preferring to hang out with a group of older boys in a local gang.

Discuss Jack’s behaviour using explanations from social psychology. You must make reference to the context in your answer. (8)

3 (a) Outline the four main parts of the cognitive interview. (3)

(b) Compare cognitive interviewing and police standard interviewing. (3)

4. Assess the effectiveness of one biological and one cognitive-behavioural treatment of offenders. (16)

5 (a) Outline the procedure of one study In Criminological Psychology, other than Loftus and Palmer (1974) (3)

(b) Outline one practical application/use in Criminological Psychology of the study you have described in (a). (3)

(c) Evaluate the study you have described in (a) in terms of validity and generalisability. (4)

Issues and Debates Questions

1. To what extent is it better to use animals rather than humans in studies in

psychology? You must refer to the ethical guidelines for animals and humans in your

answer (20 marks)

2. Explain the importance of addressing practical issues when designing and

implementing research in psychology (12 marks)

3. To what extent can research in psychology be called “scientific” (20 marks)

4. Assess why psychology is interested in both nature and nurture when trying to

understand human behaviour and characteristics (20 marks)

5. Assess ways in which psychological knowledge can be used in society (20 marks)

6. Using research, assess issues relating to the social sensitivity of research in

psychology (16 marks)

7. Using research evidence, evaluate how psychological understanding has developed

over time (20 marks)

8. Evaluate two or more themes that are used in psychology to explain behaviour in

different ways (20 marks)

9. Evaluate the issue of reductionism in psychology (20 marks)

10. Applications in psychology include clinical psychology, criminological psychology,

child psychology and health psychology. Assess how psychology could be used as a

form of social control, with reference to any two of these applications (20 marks)

11. To what extent is Psychology ethnocentric? (16 marks)

12. ‘Psychology has a high level of gender bias’ To what extent is this statement true?

(12 marks)

Research Methods Questions

Research Methods: Possible exam questions (there could be many others!)

1. What is meant by content analysis as a research method (2 marks)2. Describe one questionnaire study that has been carried out in

psychology (4 marks)3. Explain two strengths of one case study you have studied in your course

(4 marks)4. Explain two weaknesses of one laboratory experiment you have studied

in your course (4 marks)5. Describe how questionnaires and interviews can be used in psychology

(4 marks) 6. Compare observations and questionnaires in terms of validity (4 marks)7. Outline the procedure of a laboratory experiment that has been carried

out in psychology (4 marks) 8. A) Describe one research method commonly used within Biological

Psychology (4 marks)B) Evaluate the research method you have described in part a) (4 marks)

9. Explain one difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment and one main difference between a laboratory experiment and a naturalistic experiment. In your answer, use an example of each research method when explaining the difference (6 marks)

10.Describe the main features of case studies and of experiments (8 marks)11.Outline two research methods in psychology that can generate

quantitative data (4 marks)12.Describe two methods of research in psychology and evaluate both in

terms of reliability, validity and generalisability (12 mark)13.Evaluate the use of experiments as a research method within Psychology

(20 mark)

The words underlined can change to any of the 9 research methods you need to know about.

AS Knowledge CheckSocial

1. What are the two states in Agency Theory?a. b.

2. What is experienced if we are following orders that make us feel uncomfortable?3. How many nurses obeyed Dr Smith in Hofling et al’s research?4. What are the three factors in Social Force?5. Apart from Social Force, what are the other 2 parts of Social Impact Theory?6. Is Social Impact Theory obedience or prejudice?7. Who were Milgram’s participants?8. How did Milgram recruit his participants?9. What was the name of the confederate? What was his medical condition?10. Complete the table

Study % of obedience to 450V

Milgram’s original studyTelephonic instructionsRundown office blockOrdinary man gives orders

11. Who created the theory of “Authoritarian Personalities”12. Which culture is more obedient, collectivist or individualist?13. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?14. What are the 3 components to social identity theory?15. What does Realistic Conflict say can reduce prejudice?16. Describe the sample in Sherif et al’s Robber’s Cave Study17. What were the names of the 2 groups in Sherif et al’s study?18. What were the 3 tasks designed to reduce the prejudice in the study?19. Give 2 differences between Burger and Milgram

a. b.

20. What was Burger’s conclusion?

Cognitive

21. What are the three stores in the multi store model?a. b. c.

22. What is the capacity of the 2 final stores in the multi-store model?

a. b.

23. What are the 2 effects in the Serial Position Effect?a. b.

24. What are the 4 parts of the Working Memory Model? (4th part added in 2000)a. b. c. d.

25. Which part of the WMM would help us with:a. Remembering our route homeb. Learning vocabulary from another language

26. What is episodic memory?27. What is semantic memory?28. What study was done to test reconstructive memory?29. What is a schema?30. How many word lists did Baddeley have in the classic study?31. What did Baddeley conclude?32. How many participants were in Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil?33. What was the age range of participants tested in Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil?

Biological

34. Label the neuron A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

35. Label the synapse

36. How do the following drugs affect the body?a. Alcoholb. Cocainec. Nicotine

37. What 4 lobes of the brain do you need to know?a. b. c. d.

38. Which 4 parts of the brain can be associated with aggressiona. b. c. d.

39. What are the three parts of Freud’s personality theory?a. b. c.

40. What are the names of the life and death instinct?a. Life: b. Death:

41. How many participants were in Raine et al’s (1997) study?42. How many females were in each group in Raine’s study?43. Give one of Raine’s results44. Which types of aggression did Mary Brendgen and her colleagues study? 45. How many twin pairs were studied in total Brendgen’s study?46. What was the conclusion of the study?

V

W

X

Y

Z

V

Learning Theories

47. Fill in the Classical Conditioning diagram using full words (not initials)

______________________ _______________________

______________________ + _________________________ _______________________

______________________ _______________________

48. What was the neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiments with dogs?49. Name the type of reinforcer described in the examples below

a. Suzi does her homework to avoid getting groundedb. James is given a detention because he hit someone at lunchtimec. Charlie is allowed to go to Pizzza Hut for dinner following a good school report

50. What is a primary reinforcer? 51. What is a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?52. What are the 4 stages of Social Learning Theory?

a. b. c. d.

53. How many children were in the original Bobo Doll Study?54. How many stages were there in the Bobo Doll study?55. Describe stage 256. Give one result from Bandura’s original study57. What changed in the 1963 variation of the Bobo Doll study?58. What was different in the 1965 variation of the Bobo Doll study?59. Which is more ethical as a phobia treatment, systematic desensitisation or flooding?60. Which phobia treatment is more prone to spontaneous recovery?61. How old was Little Albert when Watson and Rayner started their study?62. What were some neutral stimuli that Albert was introduced to prior to conditioning?63. How many pairings of the rat and loud bang did Watson and Rayner do in the initial

conditioning phase?64. In what years did Becker at al collect data in their study?65. What was the questionnaire they used called?66. Give a result from Becker et al 67. What type of experiment did Becker et al conduct?

A2 Knowledge CheckClinical Psychology

1. How many pseudopatients were there in Rosenhan? 2. How many hospitals were there in Rosenhan?3. How many axis are on the DSM? 4. What is axis 5? 5. What 2 neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia?

a.  b.

6. Who injected rats with dopamine? 7. Which set of twins has a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia? 8. What are the 4Ds of diagnosis?

a.  b.  c.  d.  

9. When was the POTS study? 10. Give 2 symptoms of Schizophrenia

a.  b.  

11. Name 2 treatments of Schizophrenia a.  b.  

12. Give 3 HCPC guidelines a.  b.  c.  

13. What is a type 1 error in diagnosis? 14. What percentage of the population has schizophrenia? 15. What are the 2 biological explanations of schizophrenia?

a.  b.  

16. What are the 3 parts of the brain associated with OCD?a. b. c.

17. Who came up with the 6 cognitive variables for OCD? 18. State the conclusion of the POTS study

19. Give one of Carlsson’s findings 20. What is predictive validity?

21. How many participants were used in the POTS study? 22. Which diagnostic tool is used in the USA? 23. What research method did Carlsson use? 24. Who recommends CBT as the first choice of treatment for OCD? 25. Define avolition 26. Name an atypical antipsychotic drug 27. Give 2 parts of the social causation theory

a.  b.  

28. Who came up with the ABC model for CBT? 29. State the difference between diagnosis and prognosis

30. What is a grandiose delusion? 31. What percentage of males with OCD develop it before the age of 10? 32. What measure was used in the POTS study?

Criminological Psychology

1. Give two ways of treating offenders a.  b.  

2. What are 2 types of conformity?

3. What was the speed estimate for the following words in Loftus and Palmer’s first studya. Smashed b. Hit c. Contacted d. Bumped e. Collided

4. How many participants in Valentine and Mesout?

5. Who introduced the term “sham rage”?

6. Name a genetic condition that contributes to criminal behaviour 7. Which theory did Eysenck propose in 1990? 8. What was the conclusion of Rosenthal and Jacobsen’s (1968) study? 9. What are the 3 stages of anger management?

a.  b.  c.  

10. What are the 4 stages of the pygmalian effect?a.  b.  c.   d.  

11. What are the social causes of crime? 12. What does the Yerkes Dodson law state about stress? 13. What was the IV and DV in Loftus and Palmer’s study

a. IV b. DV

14. What did Jahoda find about boys born on a Wednesday? 15. How many males are found to have XYY? 16. What are the 5 personalities coined by Eysenck?

a. b. c. d. e.

17. Who compared the cognitive interview to a standard interview?18. How many variations were there in Pickel’s study?19. How many participants in Loftus and Palmer’s first study? 20. Williams et al found what percentage of 196 prisoners had some form of brain injury?  21. What is recidivism?22. What are the 3 types of attractiveness which have influence in a courtroom?

a.  b.  c.  

23. How many participants in Loftus and Palmer’s second study? 24. What was Pickel’s conclusion? 25. Name a part of the brain that is important when considering human behaviours and emotions 26. Name the person focused on in the key question 27. What did Dabbs et al find out about hormones? 28. Who studied the link between attractiveness and fraud? 29. What were the 2 groups called in Rosenthal and Jacobsen’s study? 30. Why is XYY not a generalizable theory? 31. In Jury Decision making, what is meant by social loafing? 32. What are the 4 techniques of the cognitive interview?

a. b. c. d.