U B Desaidirector@iith.ac.inwww.iith.ac.in

Dec 13 2010 1Teach. Res. n Standards

Role of Higher Education

Convey knowledge Create knowledge Create and develop ideas Innovations Publish Develop future citizens Create a better society

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 2

Changing Times . . .

This system has worked for along time Internet has been a game changer

The world is flat (Thomas Friedman) A lot of education involved imparting

information But today that does not work with lot of online

information / explanation that is available On-line courses / education is gaining momentum With rising cost of educatin (at least in the

developed world), in time to come online may become the norm

Academia is suddenly required to change its trajectory in a fundamental sense

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 3

Add to this IPR Challenges IPR regime has thrown up new challenges Along with changing role of academicians

from an education perspective, generating IPR puts additional pressure

Standards: Now there is a need to contribute to standards

Urge for startups … New role …

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 4

New role for academician

Convey knowledge Create knowledge Create and develop

ideas Innovations Publish Develop future

citizens Create a better

society

Develop on-line education system – major modification in teaching and research paradigm Research students may

not be in residence Generate IPR Contribute to

standards If possible have

startups …

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 5

Resources …

Need for additional resources (money)

Need for increasing the professorial pool

Need for additional infrastructure Physical Infra Research Infra Prototyping Infra

A look at the resource scenario …Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 6

Country

No.

am

ong t

op 1

%

of c

ited

pap

ers

Per c

apit

a

R&

D

ex

pendit

ure

(U

S $)

R&

D e

xpendit

ure

per t

op c

ited p

aper

(U

S$ m

illi

on)

NO

. of

top p

apers

per $

Mil

lion

ex

pendit

ure o

n R

&D

Expendit

ure p

er

scie

nti

st

(U

S $

000s)

Scie

nti

sts

per m

illi

on

popula

tion

USA 23723 705 8.4 2. 85 230 4099

England 4831 450 5.6 172 2666

Japan 2609 978 6.1 0.65 192 5095

Canada 2165 476 6.8 3.55 160

China 375 12 4.0 16

Australia 1049 285 5.2 85 3353

India 205 5.5 2.7 0.45 35 157

South Korea 294 241 3.9 0.73 104 2319

Israel 568 720 7.6 410

Brazil 188 56 5.1 36

(Source: UNESCO Statistical year Book, 1999; R. Chidambaram, Current Science, 25 March 2005)

No. of papers intop 1% of cited papers

Per Capita R and D Expend.In US$

R n D ExpendPer top cited paper in US$ mil

No. of top papers per Mil. $ expenditure

Expenditure per scientists in US$ 1000

Scientists per Million population

R and D Scenario

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 8

R and D Expenditure as % of GDP

Govt. funding as % of total funding

India 0.8% 80%

China 1.2% 70%

USA 2.8% 30%

Japan 3.0% 30%

Indian Government is moving in the right direction and has increased allocation of R&D during 11th Plan period (2007-2012) to 75,304 Crores as compared to 25,300 Crores during the 10th Plan period (MHRD resource).

$$ figures for patents and standards by academicians Don’t have $$ figures patents from

academicians Don’t have data on contribution to

standards by academicians Because, the numbers are too small;

the effort is by few individuals in the academic community

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 9

Number of Doctoral Graduates, 2005 and Average Annual Growth (%), 2000-2005

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 10

Research,Patents,Contribution toStandards,strongly linked to number ofPh.Ds. produced

Number of EngineeringPh.D.s in India is approx.1500/yr

Incentives for patents and Standards

Publication have incentives Promotions (tenure)

Possible to get funding for research Patents are beginning to get

recognition in proposals and promotions

Proposal for sponsored research is still for research with one of the possible outcome being contributions to standards

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 11

Contributions to standards from India Very Little CeWiT – Center for

Excellence in Wireless Technology (@IITM) Has contributed to 4G

standards Some contribution

from IISc fac. But in partnership with an industry: Beecem

Some activity form fac. At IITs

General Observations Doing it on your

own not very impacting

Imperative to align with some industries

Cost intensive

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 12

Efforts to promote by IITs and IISc

IISc: SID: Society for

Innovations and Development

IIT Bombay: SINE: Society for

Innovations and Entrepreneurship

IIT Delhi: FITT: Foundation for

Innovation and Technology Transfer

IIT Kanpur: SIIC: SIDBI innovation

and incubation centre IIT Kharagpur:

STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs’ Park

IIT Madras: IITM Research Park

…

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 13

WHAT IS THE WAY OUT?

Motivating and Incentivizing Contributions to Standards by Academicians

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 14

Partnership with Industry a Must

Very difficult for an academician to make an impacting contribution to standards

Even if she / he does, the value is limited: To get any benefit

It has be a cooperative effort Simply having an optional contribution in the

overall standard is not enough Partnership with industry a must Industry too should recognize that this

can be a win-win situation and should be flexible in sharing …

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 15

Incentivizing Contributions to Standards

There has to be a tangible reason as to why an academician should get into standards In principle, it is not part of his portfolio

Some monetary benefits will help Recognizing that standards can

actually feed in to research will also help

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 16

Regenerative Cycle: Standards as feeder for research

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 17

Questions

Research

Innovations Standards

Patents Implementation

Prototype

Product

Issues

Concluding Remarks

If we want to promote standardization we need to promote innovations Need to create a strong culture of innovations

in India Innovations will lead to contributions to

standards, which in turn will feed research

Partnership with industry an absolute must

Resources ???

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 18

Quote from Prof. Indiresan … According to Karl Popper the essence of

scientific enquiry is not to prove a theory but to disprove it – an idea that will shock most Indian policy makers, even the scientists among them. The West alone has the unique tradition of advancing science through creative destruction. They measure progress not by preserving the goodness, the sanctity, of the existing paradigm but by discovering the boundary at which it breaks down and fails.

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 19

Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 20