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How to study Korean

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!OU"

#esson $% Korean Irre&u'ars

(')*+ ,ere -or a wor+.oo+ to &o a'on& w)t, t,)s 'esson/

Ju to%

o*a.u'ary

Korean Irre&u'ars

ㅅ Irre&u'ar

ㄷ Irre&u'ar

ㅂ Irre&u'ar

ㅡ Irre&u'ar

르 Irre&u'ar

ㄹ Irre&u'ar

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Irre&u'ar u)*+ e-eren*e anot,er a&e

T,)s #esson )s a'so a6a)'a.'e )n Esa7o' and 89::;

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직장 'o*at)on o- wor+

벽 wa''

털 ,a)r not on ,ead@ -ur

머리카락 ,a)r on ,ead

저녁 d)nner@ e6en)n&

점심 'un*,@ noon)s,

옷 *'ot,es

er.s%

찾다 to sear*, -or@ Dnd

공부하다 to study

가르치다 to tea*,

일하다 to wor+

짓다 to .u)'d

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가지다 to own@ to ossess

잠그다 to 'o*+

잊다 to -or&et

다 to ,e'

!다 to &)6e

"다 to .e *orre*t

Ade*t)6es%

#다 to .e easy

$다 to .e ,ot

그%다 to )ss a t,)n&

&'다 to .e *ute

(다 to .e *o'd

)*다 to .e d)F*u't

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9: suer

가; -a''

sr)n&

T,ere are 1050 6o*a.u'ary entr)es )n Un)t 1/ A'' entr)es are ')n+ed to an aud)oD'e/

Gou *an down'oad a'' o- t,ese D'es )n one a*+a&e ,ere/

!or ,e' eor))n& t,ese words@ try us)n& our "er)se too'/

Irre&u'ars

As w)t, a'' 'an&ua&es@ t,ere are soe )rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons t,at you need to

+now/ Irre&u'ars are a')ed to *erta)n 6er.s or ade*t)6es w,en add)n&

soet,)n& to t,e ste o- t,e word/ Korean &raar )s .ased on t,ese

add)t)ons t,at are added to stes/ I ent)oned t,)s )n #esson 5@ .ut I wantto re)terate )t ,ere/

T,ere are ,undreds o- add)t)ons t,at you *an add to t,e ste o- a 6er. or

ade*t)6e/ Soe o- t,ese add)t)ons are *onu&at)ons and soe o- t,e are

&raat)*a' r)n*)'es t,at ,a6e ean)n& )n a senten*e/

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Gou ,a6e 'earned a.out soe o- t,ese add)t)ons now/ !or eBa'e%

ㄴL?다 to *onu&ate to t,e 'a)n -or

@L) to *onu&ate to t,e )n-ora' 'ow rese*t -or

@L)A to *onu&ate to t,e )n-ora' ,)&, rese*t -or

ㅂLBC다 to *onu&ate to t,e -ora' ,)&, rese*t -or

DLE) to *onu&ate to t,e )n-ora' 'ow rese*t -or )n t,e ast tense

ㄴLF added to an ade*t)6e to des*r).e an u*o)n& noun

In -uture 'essons@ you w)'' 'earn a.out any ore o- t,ese add)t)ons/ !or

eBa'e@ soe o- t,e are%

ㄴLF 7G to ean a-ter

H 0G to ean .e-ore

H IJG to ean .e*ause

@L)K to ean .e*ause

LM to ean w,en

@L)N 하다 to ean one ust

@L)K? / O다 to ean one s,ou'd not

Not)*e t,at soe o- t,ese add)t)ons start w)t, a 6owe'@ and soe o- t,e

start w)t, a *onsonant/ "ost o- t,e )rre&u'ars are a')ed w,en add)n& a

6owe' to a ste/ T,e ㄹ )rre&u'ar t,at )s )ntrodu*ed at t,e end o- t,e 'esson )s

t,e on'y )rre&u'ar t,at a')es w,en add)n& a *onsonant to a ste/

#etCs 'oo+ at one eBa'e .e-ore I )ntrodu*e ea*, )rre&u'ar one .y one/ #etCs

say we want to *onu&ate t,e word ”)*다 )nto t,e ast tense us)n& t,e

)n-ora' 'ow rese*t -or/ T,e -o''ow)n& wou'd ,aen%

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)*다 M DLE) )PQ)

Here@ you *an see t,at t,e a*tua' ste o- t,e word *,an&ed/ T,)s )s re-erred

to as t,e ㅂ )rre&u'ar .e*ause t,e sae ,enoenon ,aens w)t, any

.ut not a'' words w,ose ste ends )n ㅂ”/

As I ent)oned re6)ous'y@ ost o- t,ese )rre&u'ars are a')ed w,en add)n& a

6owe' to a ste/ A't,ou&, t,ere are any add)t)ons t,at start w)t, a 6owe'@

t,e on'y ones t,at you ,a6e 'earned a.out to t,)s o)nt are t,e *onu&at)ons

tau&,t )n #essons 5 and %

@L)

@L)A

DLE)

DLE)A

DLEBC다

DLE다

As su*,@ t,)s 'esson w)'' resent t,e Korean )rre&u'ars and ,ow t,ey *,an&e

as a resu't o- add)n& t,ese *onu&at)ons/ In 'ater 'essons w,en you 'earn

a.out ot,er add)t)ons@ you *an a'y w,at you 'earned )n t,)s 'esson to t,ose

*on*ets/ !or now@ 'etCs &et started/

/

/

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!ora' ,)&, 지EBC다 짓BC다 짓[BC다

Note t,at w,en a word ste ,as ㅅ as t,e -ourt, *onsonant@ t,)s )rre&u'ar

does not a'y/ !or eBa'e@ t,)s does not a'y to \다@ w,)*, you w)'' 'earn

a.out )n t,e neBt 'esson/

ㄷ )rre&u'ar

I- t,e 'ast 'etter o- a word ste ends )n ㄷ -or eBa'e% ]다 to wa'+@ t,e ㄷ

&ets *,an&ed to ㄹ w,en add)n& a 6owe'/ T,)s )s on'y done w)t, 6er.s/ !or

eBa'e%

]다 to wa'+

] M ) ^)

저? ^)A I wa'+

] M E)A ^E)A

저? ^E)A I wa'+ed

I donCt ean to *on-use you@ .ut I w)''%

]다 eans to wa'+/ W,en *onu&at)n&@ .y add)n& a 6owe' )t *,an&es to ^)

Anot,er ean)n& o- ]다 )s to tu*+/ ut t,)s ean)n& o- ]다 does not -o''ow

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t,e )rre&u'ar ru'e/ So@ w,en *onu&at)n&@ .y add)n& a 6owe' )s s)'y stays as

])/

^다 eans to ,an&/ W,en *onu&at)n&@ .y add)n& a 6owe' )t stays as ^)

(on-us)n& enou&, #etCs 'oo+ at a'' t,ree%

]다

To wa'+ ]다

To tu*+ ^다

To ,an&

>ast !ora' ^E)A ]E)A ^E)A

>resent !ora' ^)A ])A ^)A

!uture !ora' ][)A ][)A ^[)A

Honest'y@ t,ou&,@ t,e w,o'e ]다L]다L^다 t,)n& )s ro.a.'y t,e ost

*on-us)n& art o- t,)s *onu&at)on@ and donCt worry too u*, a.out )t/ Wa'+

)s a word t,at )s used u*, ore -reVuent'y t,an tu*+@ so )t )s not

soet,)n& t,at *oes u a 'ot/

T,e reason t,)s *onu&at)on )s done )s s)'y .e*ause t,e sounds ows oQ

your ton&ue .etter/ It )s s))'ar to ronoun*)n& t,e word .utter )n En&')s,/

W,en ronoun*)n& .utter we donCt say .uttPtter@ we ust say .udPer/

#)+e t,e ㄷ )rre&u'ar@ )t )s s)'y to a6o)d say)n& a ,ard *onsonant/

T,)s )s done to ost stes end)n& )nㄷ@ *oon words t,at t,)s does not

a'y to ')+e ]다 to tu*+ are%

_다 to &etLre*e)6e `; _D)A I re*e)6ed oney

a다 a)A to .ury 저? 저X 가강@지b aE)A I .ur)ed y do&

c다 c@A to *'ose 저? J; cD)A I *'osed t,e door

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Here )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word ]다 to wa'+ .e)n& *onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e

,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/ T,e )rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons are )n

.o'd/ Not)*e t,at t,)s on'y o**urs w,en @L) or one o- )ts der)6at)6es ')+e

DLE)A )s added to t,e 6er. ste/

]다 wa'+ >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow Ê) ^) ][)

In-ora' ,)&, Ê)A ^)A ][)A

>'a)n -or Ê다 ]?다 ][다

!ora' ,)&, ÊBC다 ]BC다 ][BC다

ㅂ Irre&u'ar

I- t,e 'ast 'etter o- a word ste ends )n ㅂ #다 easy@ t,e ㅂ *,an&es to d

w,en add)n& a 6owe'/ d t,en &ets added to t,e neBt sy''a.'e )n t,e

*onu&ated word/

T,)s )s ost'y done w)t, ade*t)6es/ "any 6er.s end w)t, ㅂ .ut t,)s ru'e )s

rare'y a')ed to 6er.s soe o- t,e -ew 6er.s w,ere t,)s ru'e a')es are% e다 to )*+ u@ f다 to ')e down/ !or eBa'e%

#다 to .e easy

# M ) g M d M ) gh

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그iF gh T,at t,)n& )s easy

)*다 to .e d)F*u't

)* M )A )P M d M )A )PhA

그iF )PhA T,at )s d)F*u't

&'다 *ute

&' M )A &9 M d M )A &9hA

그 9j? &9hA T,at &)r' )s *ute

In t,e words ”다 to ,e' and ”k다 an un*oon way to say .eaut)-u'

ㅂ *,an&es to 6 )nstead o- d/ !or eBa'e%

다 to ,e'

M D)A l M 6 M D)A lm)A

저? 저X )머Cb lm)A I ,e'ed y ot,er

Note% T,e ㅂ )n 다 and k다 *,an&es to 6 on'y w,en @L) or any

der)6at)6e ')+e DLE다 or @L)A )s added/ W,en add)n& any ot,er 6owe'@

ㅂ *,an&es to d/ As o- now@ you ,a6enCt 'earned w,en you wou'd need to add

a d)Qerent 6owe'/ !or eBa'e@ )n -uture 'essons you w)'' 'earn a.out add)n&

ㄹL; to 6er.s/ W,en t,)s &ets added to 다@ )t *,an&es to l=/ T,)s )snCt

)ed)ate'y ress)n& to you now@ .ut you s,ou'd a+e a enta' note o- )t/

e*ause t,e ㅂ )rre&u'ar )s -ound )n ade*t)6es@ you w)'' .e *onu&at)n& )t not

on'y at t,e end o- a senten*e@ .ut a'so )n t,e )dd'e o- a senten*e .e-ore a

noun/ ee.er t,e d)Qeren*e .etween t,ese two senten*es/

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사n? o다 A'es are .)&

R? p 사nb q@r다 I ')+e .)& a'es

In t,e Drst senten*e@ .)&C )s an ade*t)6e t,at des*r).es t,e noun a'e att,e end o- t,e senten*e/

In t,e se*ond@ .)&C des*r).es t,e a'e as a .)& a'eC and t,en ')+e a*ts

on t,e noun/ In #esson 4@ you 'earned ,ow to des*r).e a noun .y 'a*)n& an

ade*t)6e w)t, ㄴLF .e-ore )t/ Add)n& ㄴLF to ade*t)6es w,ere t,e ste

ends )n ㅂ” *auses t,)s )rre&u'ar to *oe )nto 'ay/

W,en 'a*)n& an ade*t)6e w,oCs ste ends )n ㅂ” .e-ore a noun to

des*r).e )t@ you add ㄴ to t,e new'y -ored dL6 sy''a.'e%

&' M ㄴ &9 M d M ㄴ &9s

저? &9s 9jb q@tA I ')+e *ute &)r's

"ore eBa'es%

#다 easy

# M ㄴ g M d M ㄴ gs

저? gs 일; u)A I d)d easy wor+

부2,다 so-t

부2, M ㄴ 부2v M d M ㄴ 부2vs

R? 부2vs Zw x) I ,a6e so-t ,ands

(다 *o'd

( M ㄴ y M d M ㄴ ys

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저? ys z{b q@tA I ')+e *o'd weat,er

Note t,at )n ost )rre&u'ars@ t,e word *,an&es d)Qerent'y )- t,e 'ast 6owe' )n

t,e ste )s ㅗ O ㅏ/ Howe6er@ )n t,e ㅂ )rre&u'ar@ eB*et -or 다 and k다@ a''

a')*a.'e words are *,an&ed .y add)n& d/

@:|다 .eaut)-u'%

@:| M )A @:다 M d M )A @:다hA

그 9j? @:다hA T,at &)r' )s .eaut)-u'

}~다 new

}~ M )A }• M d M )A }•hA

그 €교? }•hA T,at s*,oo' )s new

그iF }•s €교A T,at t,)n& )s a new s*,oo'

>ro.a.'y t,e ost *on-us)n& o- a'' )rre&u'ars@ a)n'y .e*ause )t sees

stran&e t,at ㅂ *an *,an&e to dL6/ T,e reason t,)s ,aens )s s))'ar to t,e

ㅅ )rre&u'ar/ As you +now a'ready@ w,en ronoun*)n& a sy''a.'e w)t, t,e 'ast

'etter ㅂ@ you donCt rea''y ronoun*e t,e C sound/ I- you donCt +now w,at I

ean@ *,e*+ out t,e >ronun*)at)on &u)de/ ut@ )- you add a 6owe' a-ter ㅂ t,e

sound o- C wou'd .e ronoun*ed/ T,e urose o- t,e )rre&u'ar )s to e'))nate

t,e C sound w,)*, )snCt a*tua''y )n t,e word/ (on-us)n& Ges@ I +now@ .ut

a&a)n@ you donCt rea''y need to *are a.out w,y )t )s done/

T,)s )s done to soe words end)n& )n ㅂ/ Soe *oon words )n w,)*, t,)sdoes not a'y%

‚다 narrow w ƒF ‚@A T,)s roo )s narrow

„다 w)de w ƒF „)A T,)s roo )s w)de Korean eo'e o-ten des*r).e

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a rooL'a*e .e)n& .)& .y say)n& )t )s w)de

…다 to *at*,L&ra. 저? 공; …D)A I *au&,t t,e .a''

Here )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word (다 *o'd .e)n& *onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/ T,e )rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons are )n

.o'd/ Not)*e t,at t,)s on'y o**urs w,en @L) or one o- )ts der)6at)6es ')+e

DLE)A )s added to t,e 6er. ste/

(다 *o'd >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow yQ) yh ([)

In-ora' ,)&, yQ)A yhA ([)A

>'a)n -or yQ다 (다 ([다

!ora' ,)&, yQBC다 (BC다 ([BC다

Ade*t)6e -or ys z{ *o'd weat,er

ㅡ Irre&u'ar

I- t,e Dna' 6owe' )n a ste )s ㅡ -or eBa'e% 잠그다 to 'o*+@ w,en add)n&

@

L)

@ you *an not deter)ne w,et,er you need to add )

or @

to t,este .y 'oo+)n& at ㅡ/ Instead@ you ust 'oo+ at t,e 6owe' )n t,e se*ond 'ast

sy''a.'e/ !or eBa'e@ )n t,e word ”잠그다 @ t,e se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )n t,e

ste )s ”잠 @ and t,e 6owe' ,ere )s ㅏ/ T,ere-ore@ as usua'@ we add @ to 잠그/

!or eBa'e%

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잠그다 M @L)

잠그@

In *ases ')+e t,)s w,ere a word ends )n ㅡ” t,at )s@ t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant

a-ter ㅡ” and )s -o''owed .y @L) or any o- )ts der)6at)6es@ t,e @L)

t,e ㅡ” )s e'))nated and t,e add)t)on o- @L) er&es to t,e ste/ !or

eBa'e%

잠그다 to 'o*+

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )sㅡ/ T,e 6owe' )n t,e se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )s ㅏ@ so

we add @

/

!or eBa'e% 잠그 M @

e*ause t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ @ re'a*es ㅡ/

잠그 M @ 가잠

T,)s wou'd .e t,e sae )n t,e ast tense as we''@ -or eBa'e%

잠그 M D)A 가갔잠 )A

저? J; 가갔잠 )A I 'o*+ed t,e door

#etCs 'oo+ at anot,er eBa'e%

-.다 to .e .usy

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n ste )sㅡ/ T,e 6owe' )n t,e se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )s ㅏ@ so we

add @/

!or eBa'e% -. M @

e*ause t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ @ re'a*es ㅡ/

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-. M @A -†A

저? -†A I a .usy

#etCs 'oo+ at anot,er eBa'e%

.다 retty

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )sㅡ/ T,e 6owe' )n t,e se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )s not ㅏ

or ㅗ@ so we add )/

!or eBa'e% . M )

e*ause t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ ) re'a*es ㅡ/

. M )A ‡

그 9j? ‡A T,at &)r' )s retty

Soe stes on'y ,a6e one sy''a.'e/ !or eBa'e@ t,e ste o- o다 )s ust o/In t,)s *ase@ we +now t,at we need to use t,e ㅡ )rre&u'ar@ .ut t,ere )s no

re6)ous sy''a.'e to draw on to deter)ne w,at s,ou'd .e added to t,e ste/

In t,ese *ases@ ) )s added to t,e ste/ !or eBa'e%

o다 to .e .)&

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )sㅡ/ o )s t,e on'y sy''a.'e )n t,e ste@ so we add

)

!or eBa'e% o M )

e*ause t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ ) re'a*es ㅡ

o M )A ˆA

그 SF ˆA T,at ,ouse )s .)&

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T,)s sae ru'e a')es w,en add)n& @L) to words w,ere@ not on'y )s t,e

'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste ㅡ@ .ut a'' t,e 6owe's )n t,e ste are ㅡ/ !or eBa'e@

)n t,e word ‰Š다@ not on'y does t,e ste end )n ㅡ” .ut t,e 6owe' )n t,e

se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )s a'so ㅡ”/ In t,)s *ase as we''@ ) s,ou'd er&e to t,este/ !or eBa'e%

‰Š다 to .e sad

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )sㅡ/ T,e se*ond 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )s a'so ㅡ@

so we add )

!or eBa'e% ‰Š M )

e*ause t,ere )s no Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ ) re'a*es ㅡ

‰Š M )A ‰‹A

저? @! ‰‹A I a 6ery sad

Soet)es t,e 'ast 6owe' o- a ste )s ㅡ@ .ut t,e ste ends )n a *onsonant/

In t,ese *ases@ a'' o- t,e a.o6e ru'es st)'' a'y@ .ut t,e add)t)on o- @L)

does not er&e to t,e ste .e*ause )t )s .'o*+ed .y t,e *onsonant/ !or

eBa'e%

Œ다 to s*rat*,

T,e 'ast 6owe' )n t,e ste )sㅡ/ Œ )s t,e on'y sy''a.'e )n t,e ste@ so we add

)

!or eBa'e% Œ M )

e*ause t,ere )s a Dna' *onsonant a-ter ㅡ”@ ) does not er&e to t,e ste

Œ M )A Œ)A

저? 머리b ŒE)A I s*rat*,ed y ,ead

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Anot,er eBa'e w,ere we Dnd a s)n&'ePsy''a.'e word w)t, ㅡ” as t,e on'y

6owe' )s 다 to ,ear

다 to ,ear

#ast 6owe' )n ste )s ㅡ/ T,ere )s no sy''a.'e re*ed)n& @ so we ust add )/

ends )n a *onsonant@ so ) does not &et added d)re*t'y to t,e sy''a.'e/

M E)A E)A

ut wa)tX ?onCt -or&et t,e ㄷ )rre&u'ar/ In t,)s eBa'e@ .ot, ㅡ and ㄷ

)rre&u'ars are used%

M E다 ŽE다

저? b ŽE)A I ,eard a ouse

An )rre&u'ar to t,)s a'ready )rre&u'ar ru'e )s Ž다 to a+e/ E6en t,ou&,

t,e se*ond 'ast sy''a.'e )n t,e ste ,as t,e 6owe' ㅏ”@ ) )s added )nstead

o- @/ !or eBa'e%

Ž다 M @L)A

Ž)A

Here )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word 잠그다 to 'o*+ R w,)*, )s a 6er. .e)n&

*onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e ,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/ T,e

)rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons are )n .o'd/ Not)*e t,at t,)s on'y o**urs w,en @L) or

one o- )ts der)6at)6es ')+e DLE)A )s added to t,e 6er. ste/

잠그다 'o*+>ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow 가갔잠 ) 가잠 잠그[)

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In-ora' ,)&, 가갔잠 )A 가잠 A 잠그[)A

>'a)n -or 가갔잠 다 잠‘다 잠그[다

!ora' ,)&, 가갔잠 BC다 잠’C다 잠그[BC다

And ,ere )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word .다 retty R w,)*, )s an ade*t)6e

.e)n& *onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e ,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/ T,e



.다 retty >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow “) ‡ .[)

In-ora' ,)&, “)A ‡A .[)A

>'a)n -or “다 .다 .[다

!ora' ,)&, “BC다 ”C다 .[BC다

!)na''y@ ,ere )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word Ž다 to a+e R w,)*, )s a 6er.

.e)n& *onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e ,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/

Ž다 to a+e >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ŽE) Ž) Ž[)

In-ora' ,)&, ŽE)A Ž)A Ž[)A

>'a)n -or ŽE다 다 Ž[다

!ora' ,)&, ŽEBC다 –C다 Ž[BC다

Gou w)'' 'earn ,ow 다 and –C다 are -ored 'ater )n t,e 'esson w,en you

'earn a.out t,e ㄹ )rre&u'ar/

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르 Irre&u'ar

I- t,e Dna' sy''a.'e )n a ste )s 르 —르다@ )t )s *onu&ated d)Qerent'y w,en

add)n& @L)/ T,)s )rre&u'ar on'y a')es w,en add)n& @L)or any o- )ts

der)6at)6es to a ste and not w,en add)n& any ot,er &raat)*a' r)n*)'es

t,at starts w)t, a 6owe' or *onsonant/ U unt)' now@ you ,a6enCt 'earned

a.out any o- t,ese ot,er &raat)*a' r)n*)'es@ t,at *an start w)t, anyt,)n&

ot,er t,an @L)@ so donCt worry a.out t,)s d)st)n*t)on too u*,/

W,en add)n& @L) to t,ese words@ an add)t)ona' ㄹ )s *reated and 'a*ed )n

t,e sy''a.'e re*ed)n& 르 as t,e 'ast *onsonant/ T,e 르 a'so &ets *,an&ed to

e)t,er v or ˜ deend)n& on )- you are add)n& ) or @/ T,)s )s done to .ot,

6er.s and ade*t)6es t,e on'y eB*et)on )s ™르다 to -o''owLto our/ T,)s )s

d)F*u't to eB'a)n@ and u*, eas)er to s,ow w)t, eBa'es%

다르다 d)Qerent

다르 M @A 다 M ㄹ M Ã šÃ

그iF šÃ T,at t,)n& )s d)Qerent

†르다 to .e -ast

†르 M @A † M ㄹ M Ã ›Ã

그 œj? ›Ã T,at an )s -ast

부르다 to *a'' soe.odyCs nae

부르 M E)A 부 M ㄹ M )A 4)A

저? 저X žRb 4)A I *a''ed y s)ster

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Here )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word Ÿ르다 to *,oose R w,)*, )s a 6er. .e)n&




Ÿ르다 *,oose >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ¡) ˜ Ÿ르[)

In-ora' ,)&, ¡)A ˜A Ÿ르[)A

>'a)n -or ¡다 Ÿ¢다 Ÿ르[다

!ora' ,)&, ¡BC다 Ÿ£C다 Ÿ르[BC다

And ,ere )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word —르다 t,)n R w,)*, )s an ade*t)6e .e)n&




—르다 t,)n >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ¤¡) ¤˜ —르[)

In-ora' ,)&, ¤¡)A ¤˜A —르[)A

>'a)n -or ¤¡다 —르다 —르[다

!ora' ,)&, ¤¡BC다 —£C다 —르[BC다

Ade*t)6e -or —¢ 9j t,)n &)r'

ㄹ Irre&u'ar

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O+ay@ 'ast one@ I ro)se/

As you +now@ t,ere are t)es w,en you ust *,oose .etween two t,)n&s toadd to a ste/ !or eBa'e%

@L) eans you ust *,oose .etween add)n& @ or )

ㄴLF eans you ust *,oose .etween add)n& ㄴ or F

ㅂLB eans you ust *,oose .etween add)n& ㅂ or B

ㄹL; eans you ust *,oose .etween add)n& ㄹ or ;

As you +now@ you *,oose t,e *orre*t add)t)on .ased on t,e ste/

I- t,e Dna' 'etter o- a ste )s ㄹ AN? you add any o- t,e -o''ow)n&%

ㄴLF

ㄴL?

ㅂLB

ㄹL;

T,e Drst ot)on ㄴL ㅂ L ㄹ s,ou'd .e used/ In add)t)on@ t,e ㄹ )s

reo6ed -ro t,e ste and t,e ㄴ L ㅂ L ㄹ )s add d)re*t'y to t,e ste/

#etCs 'oo+ at ea*, one )nd)6)dua''y/

ㄹ Irre&u'ar% Add)n& ㄴLF to words

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Gou ,a6e 'earned a.out add)n& ㄴLF to ade*t)6e stes w,en des*r).)n&

nouns/ Usua''y@ you add ㄴ d)re*t'y to t,e ste o- an ade*t)6e end)n& )n a

6owe'@ and F to t,e ste o- an ade*t)6e end)n& )n a *onsonant@ -or

eBa'e%

o다 p œj

¥다 ¥F œj

W,en add)n& ㄴLF to a ste w,)*, ends )n ㄹ@ t,e ㄹ )s reo6ed and ㄴ )s

added to t,e ste%

¦다 'on&

¦ M ㄴ §

저? § ¨리b ©ª)A I *rossed t,e 'on& street

«다 -ar away

« M ㄴ ¬

저? ¬ ®G 가갔)A I went to a -ar away ,os)ta' a ,os)ta' t,at )s -ar

away

T,ere w)'' .e t)es w,en you ,a6e to add ㄴLF to 6er.s stes as we''@ .ut

you ,a6enCt 'earned a.out t,)s yet/ I )ntrodu*e t,)s *on*et )n #esson 2@ and

t,en ta'+ a.out t,e )rre&u'ar .e)n& a')ed )n #esson 2Y/ I donCt want you to

t,)n+ a.out t,)s too u*, unt)' t,ose 'essons@ .ut ust so you +now@ t,e

*on*et )s t,e sae as add)n& ㄴLF to an ade*t)6e/ !or eBa'e%

¯다 to oen

¯ M ㄴ °

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A't,ou&, you ,a6enCt 'earned a.out add)n& ㄴLF to stes@ you ,a6e

'earned a.out add)n& ㄴL?다 to 6er. stes/ Nora''y@ you add ㄴ다 to t,e

ste o- a 6er. end)n& )n a 6owe'@ and ?다 to t,e ste o- a 6er. end)n& )n a

*onsonant/ !or eBa'e%

R? SG 가ㄴ다 I &o ,oe

R? ±; ²?다 I eat r)*e

ut w,en add)n& ㄴL?다 to a 6er. ste t,at ends )n ㄹ@ you ust reo6e ㄹ

and add ㄴ다 to t,e 6er. ste%

R? J; °다 I oen t,e door

R? ³wob 다 I a+e a *a+e

ㄹ Irre&u'ar% Add)n& ㅂLB to words

Gou ,a6e a'so 'earned a.out add)n& ㅂLBC다 to 6er. and ade*t)6e stes

w,en *onu&at)n& )n t,e !ora' ,)&, rese*t -or% Nora''y@ you add ㅂC다

to t,e ste o- a word end)n& )n a 6owe'@ and BC다 to t,e ste o- a word

end)n& )n a *onsonant/ !or eBa'e%

er.s%

저? SG 가ㅂC다 I &o ,oe

저? ±; ²BC다 I eat r)*e

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Ade*t)6es%

그 9j? ”C다 T,at &)r' )s retty

w ƒF „BC다 T,)s roo )s .)&Lw)de

ut w,en add)n& ㅂC다 to t,e ste o- a word t,at ends )n ㄹ@ you ust

reo6e ㄹ and add ㅂ d)re*t'y to t,e ste/ !or eBa'e%

er.s%

저? J; 'C다 I oen t,e door

저? ³wob –C다 I a+e a *a+e

Ade*t)6es%

그 ®F ´C다 T,at ,os)ta' )s -ar

그 9jX 머리카락F µC다 T,at &)r's ,a)r )s 'on&

머리 *an ean ,eadC or ,a)rC deend)n& on t,e *onteBt/ I- you want tose*)D*a''y ent)on your ,a)r@ you *an say ”머리카락 a'ways eans t,e ,a)r

on oneCs ,ead/ 머리 or 머리카락 does not re-er to t,e ,a)r on an an)a'@ or t,e

.ody ,a)r o- a ,uan/ T,)s ,a)r )s re-erred to as ”털 and eBtends to ost o-

t,e ,a)r t,at *an .e -ound on an)a's -ur@ t,e woo' on a s,ee@ et*

Here )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word ¯다 to oen R w,)*, )s a 6er. .e)n&


)rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons are )n .o'd/ Not)*e t,at t,)s on'y o**urs w,en ㄴ or

ㅂ )s added to t,e 6er. ste/

¯다 oen >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ¯E) ¯) ¯[)

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In-ora' ,)&, ¯E)A ¯)A ¯[)A

>'a)n -or ¯E다 °다 ¯[다

!ora' ,)&, ¯EBC다 'C다 ¯[BC다

And ,ere )s a ta.'e w)t, t,e word ¦다 'on& R w,)*, )s an ade*t)6e .e)n&

*onu&ated us)n& a'' t,e ,onor)D* -ors you ,a6e 'earned so -ar/ Not)*e t,at

t,)s on'y o**urs w,en ㄴ or ㅂ )s added to t,e 6er. ste )t wou'd ,aen

w,en ㄴ )s added@ .ut you donCt add ㄴL? to an ade*t)6e w,en you

*onu&ate )t ')+e t,)s/ T,ere are t)es@ ,owe6er@ w,en t,)s wou'd ,aen@ .ut

you ,a6enCt e6en &otten *'ose to 'earn)n& a.out t,e yet/ !or eBa'e@ )n

#esson $@ we ta'+ a.out t,e add)t)on o- ㄴL?¶ to *'auses/ T,)s wou'd a+e

¦다 turn )nto §¶/ >'ease donCt e6en t,)n+ a.out 'oo+)n& a,ead unt)' #esson

$ unt)' youC6e Dn)s,ed w)t, t,)s 'esson@ and t,e 'essons )n .etween/

¦다 'on& >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ¦E) ¦) ¦[)

In-ora' ,)&, ¦E)A ¦)A ¦[)A

>'a)n -or ¦E다 ¦다 ¦[다

!ora' ,)&, ¦EBC다 µC다 ¦[BC다

Ade*t)6e -or § ¨리 'on& road

I donCt want to *on-use you too u*, ore .e*ause I a sure you are

a'ready rea''y *on-used/ Just t,e aount o- *ontent on t,)s a&e a'one )s

enou&, to a+e soe.ody *ry/ T,at .e)n& sa)d@ I t,)n+ )t )s a 6ery &ood

eBer*)se to try to *oare ,ow t,e words 다 and Ž다 d)Qer )n t,e)r

*onu&at)ons/ ?onCt worry a.out t,e ean)n& o- Ž다 yet )t )s a 6ery *o'eB

word t,at ,as any ean)n&s@ .ut ust assue )t )s a 6er. )n t,)s *ase/ !or

now@ 'etCs ust -o*us on ,ow t,ey are *onu&ated/

Not)*e t,at w,en *onu&at)n& 다@ you need to *ons)der t,e -o''ow)n&

)rre&u'ar atterns%

ㄷ )rre&u'ar .e*ause )t ends )n ㄷ

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ㅡ )rre&u'ar .e*ause t,e Dna' 6owe' )s ㅡ

T,e -o''ow)n& ta.'e s,ows ,ow 다 s,ou'd .e *onu&ated a*ross t,e

,onor)D*s and tenses you ,a6e 'earned so -ar%

다 to ,ear >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ŽE) Ž) [)

In-ora' ,)&, ŽE)A Ž)A [)A

>'a)n -or ŽE다 ?다 [다

!ora' ,)&, ŽEBC다 BC다 [BC다

Not)*e w,en *onu&at)n& Ž다@ you need to *ons)der t,e -o''ow)n& )rre&u'aratterns%

ㄹ )rre&u'ar .e*ause )t ends )n ㄹ

ㅡ )rre&u'ar .e*ause t,e Dna' 6owe' )s ㅡ

T,e -o''ow)n& ta.'e s,ows ,ow Ž다 s,ou'd .e *onu&ated a*ross t,e

,onor)D*s and tenses you ,a6e 'earned so -ar%

Ž다 >ast >resent !uture

In-ora' 'ow ŽE) Ž) Ž[)

In-ora' ,)&, ŽE)A Ž)A Ž[)A

>'a)n -or ŽE다 다 Ž[다

!ora' ,)&, ŽEBC다 –C다 Ž[BC다

I -ee' t,at *oar)n& t,ese two )s a 6ery &ood eBer*)se .e*ause you *an see

t,at soet)es@ .e*ause o- t,e )rre&u'ar *onu&at)ons@ 다 )&,t 'oo+

eBa*t'y ')+e Ž다/ !or eBa'e@ )n a'' o- t,e ast tense *onu&at)ons@ t,ere )s

no way to d)st)n&u)s, .etween t,e two .ased on sound@ and t,e on'y way to

d)st)n&u)s, t,e )s .y *onteBt )n a senten*e/

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T,ere )s no easy way around eor))n& stuQ ')+e t,)s/ T,e on'y words o-

en*oura&eent I *an &)6e you )s t,at R as you .e*oe ore and ore

-a)')ar w)t, t,e 'an&ua&e@ and as you eBose yourse'- to )t ore and ore@ )t

does .e*oe se*ond nature/ I +now you *anCt .e')e6e t,at now@ .ut )t does/

ㄹ Irre&u'ar% Add)n& ㄹL; to words

Gou ,a6e yet to 'earn any s)tuat)on w,ere you wou'd need to add ㄹL; to a

ste@ so donCt worry a.out t,)s too u*, now r)&,t now/ I w)'' s,ow you t,e

eBa'es@ .ut you wonCt .e a.'e to understand t,e/ Just try to see ,ow t,e

)rre&u'ar wor+s w)t,)n t,ese eBa'es@ and I w)'' rePresent t,ese a&a)n w,en

you 'earn ,ow to dea' w)t, add)n& ㄹL;/

Nora''y ust ')+e w)t, ot,er s))'ar add)t)ons@ you wou'd add ㄹ to t,e

ste o- a word end)n& )n a 6owe'@ and ; to t,e ste o- a word end)n& )n a

*onsonant/ !or eBa'e%

¥다 M ㄹL; ¥;

o다 M ㄹL; ·

Howe6er@ w,en you add ㄹL; to a ste o- a word t,at ends )n ㄹ@ t,e ㄹ )s

droed and ㄹ )s atta*,ed d)re*t'y to t,e ste/ In eQe*t@ you reo6edsoet,)n& and re'a*e )t w)t, eBa*t'y t,e sae t,)n&/ !or eBa'e%

가ㄹ다 M ㄹL; 가ㄹ

›다 M ㄹL; ›

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A&a)n@ t,at )s ust -or your re-eren*e/ I w)'' tea*, you ore a.out t,)s )rre&u'ar

w,en I tea*, you a.out t,e se*)D* &raar w)t,)n )t )n #esson / Gou w)''

a'so see t,)s )rre&u'ar a')ed a&a)n )n #esson 2Y/

/

ㄹ Irre&u'ar R Add)n& Anyt,)n& t,at Starts w)t, a So')d ㄴ or ㅅ

As o- now@ you ,a6e not yet 'earned a.out add)n& anyt,)n& t,at starts w)t, a

so')dㄴ or ㅅ to a ste@ so donCt worry a.out t,)s too u*, now/ W,at I ean

.y so')d ㄴ” )s t,at R any add)t)on w,ere you add soet,)n& t,at starts w)t,

ㄴ@ .ut t,ere )s no *,o)*e o- ,a6)n& to add ㄴ or soet,)n& e'se/ !or

eBa'e@ e6en t,ou&, t,e 'a)n -or *onu&at)on ㄴL ”?다 starts w)t, ㄴ”@

t,ere )s a *,o)*e o- ,a6)n& to add ㄴ” O ”? / T,)s )rre&u'ar on'y a')es to

&raar add)t)ons t,at start w)t, ㄴ”@ and t,ere )s no a'ternate add)t)on/ !or

eBa'e@ as you w)'' 'earn 'ater@ a &raat)*a' add)t)on to -or a Vuest)on )s

C/ T,ere )s no a'ternate add)t)on to t,)s/ !or eBa'e@ )t )s not ㄴLC/

I w)'' s,ow you t,e eBa'es o- ,ow t,)s wor+s@ .ut you wonCt .e a.'e to

understand t,e/ Just try to see ,ow t,e )rre&u'ar wor+s w)t,)n t,ese

eBa'es@ and I w)'' rePresent t,ese a&a)n w,en you 'earn ,ow to dea' w)t,

add)n& a so')d ㄴ and ㅅ/

W,en you add a so')d ㄴ or ㅅ to a ste o- a word t,at ends )n ㄹ@ you

ust dro t,e ㄹ -ro t,e ste@ and add t,e so')d ㄴ or ㅅ a-ter t,e ste%

!or eBa'e%

¯다 M RA 9RA

¯다 M C 9C

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¯다 M ? 9?

¯다 M ¸ 9¸

¯다 M ¹A 9¹A

A&a)n@ t,at )s ust -or your re-eren*e/ I w)'' tea*, you ore a.out t,ose

)rre&u'ars w,en I tea*, you a.out t,e se*)D* &raar w)t,)n t,e/

Se*)D*a''y@ you w)'' 'earn a.out add)n& C and R to stes )n #esson 21Z

you w)'' 'earn a.out ? )n #essons 2@ 2$ and 2YZ and w)'' 'earn a.out¹A

)n #esson 40/

As o- now@ you ,a6e not yet 'earned a.out add)n& ? or ㅅ to a ste@ so

donCt worry a.out t,)s too u*, now/ I w)'' s,ow you t,e eBa'es@ .ut you

wonCt .e a.'e to understand t,e/ Just try to see ,ow t,e )rre&u'ar wor+s

w)t,)n t,ese eBa'es@ and I w)'' rePresent t,ese a&a)n w,en you 'earn ,ow

to dea' w)t, add)n& ? and ㅅ/

"a+e sure t,at you rea')e t,at you ,a6e not 'earned any &raat)*a'

r)n*)'e w,ere ”? )s added/ T,e add)t)on o- ”? )s not t,e d)ary -or

*onu&at)on t,at you 'earned )n #esson 5/ T,at *onu&at)on )s ㄴL?다 –

w,ere@ deend)n& on t,e ste o- t,e 6er.@ you )&,t need add ㄴ다 or ?

다/ T,e ”? add)t)on )s not t,e sae@ and w)'' .e ta'+ed a.out )n #essons 2@

2$ and 2Y@ .ut try not to worry a.out )t now/

Just to a+e y o)nt *'ear R t,e d)ary -or resent tense *onu&at)on o- ¯

”다 )s ”°다 .ased on t,e )n-orat)on ear')er/ It )s not 9?다/

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Add)n& ㄴLF to Ade*t)6es

I ent)oned t,)s )n soe o- t,e se*t)ons a.o6e@ .ut I wou'd ')+e to or&an)e )t

a'' ,ere/ In #esson 4@ you 'earned ,ow to add ㄴLF to ade*t)6es to des*r).e

an u*o)n& noun/ Soe )rre&u'ars w)'' *oe )nto 'ay w,en add)n& do)n&

t,)s .e*ause o- t,e oss).)')ty o- add)n& a 6owe' to a ste/ #etCs 'oo+ at t,e

word ”)*다 as an eBa'e/ )*다 ,as a *onsonant as )ts Dna' 'etter@ w,)*,

eans t,at F ust .e added )nstead o- ㄴ/ T,ere-ore@ we end u w)t,%

)*F

e*ause o- t,)s@ now we now ,a6e t,e Dna' *onsonant ㅂ” -o''owed .y a

6owe'@ w,)*, *auses t,e ㅂ )rre&u'ar to .e a')ed/ T,e *orre*t *onu&at)on o-

)*다 M ㄴLF )s t,ere-ore )Ps/

e'ow )s a ta.'e t,at s,ows ,ow )rre&u'ar ade*t)6es *an *,an&e .e*ause o-

add)n& ㄴLF%

Irre&u'ar EBa'e Word ?oes t,)s a'y A')*at)on

ㅅ Irre&u'ar T다 .etter GES RF

ㄷ Irre&u'ar NA NA NA

ㅂ Irre&u'ar #다 easy GES gs

ㅡ Irre&u'ar -.다 .usyNO -º

르 Irre&u'ar †르다 -ast NO †¢

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I- you ,a6e any Vuest)ons or *oents@ -ee' -ree to a+e a ost on our

!oruX

How to study Korean \ 201/ A'' )&,ts eser6ed/ ] >r)6a*y >o')*y ] (onta*t

Us ]

>owered .y Word>ress/ ?es)&ned .y Woo T,ees

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