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UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.1.
Session 6.3.Session 6.3.
Assessment Basics & Bias:Assessment Basics & Bias:
A Community-based ApproachA Community-based Approach
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.2.
Emergency Needs & Resources Emergency Needs & Resources AssessmentAssessment
“…“…a process of gathering and analysing information, a process of gathering and analysing information, which will then form a basis for operations planning….”which will then form a basis for operations planning….”
“…“…a process of understanding the situation, and a process of understanding the situation, and identifying the needs, resources, constraints and identifying the needs, resources, constraints and opportunities, and analysing them in order to better opportunities, and analysing them in order to better assist affected populations…”assist affected populations…”
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.3.
Assessment: Assessment: The link to decision-making is key!The link to decision-making is key!
Info needs of Info needs of end-users end-users identifiedidentified
Data Data collection collection
methods selectedmethods selected
Data Data collectedcollected
Data cross-Data cross-checked & checked & analysedanalysed
Conclusions disseminated to decision-makers
Conclusions Conclusions drawndrawn
Decision-makers modify
response
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.4.
• What is the nature of the emergency?What is the nature of the emergency?
• Who needs help? Who are most vulnerable?Who needs help? Who are most vulnerable?
• What are conditions of those needing help?What are conditions of those needing help?
• What resources are immediately available?What resources are immediately available?
• What is the gap between needs and resources?What is the gap between needs and resources?
• What are local Ministries, Agencies and other What are local Ministries, Agencies and other organizations doing?organizations doing?
Checklist: See Handbook Pages 46-47Checklist: See Handbook Pages 46-47
Initial RapidInitial Rapid Assessment Focus Assessment FocusWhat are the main problems?What are the main problems?
Is there an emergency or not?Is there an emergency or not?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.5.
Information Collection MethodsInformation Collection Methods
– ObservationObservation
– InterviewsInterviews
– SurveysSurveys
– Critical sector assessmentsCritical sector assessments
– Others?Others?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.6.
Data Collection ToolsData Collection Tools
questionnairesquestionnaireschecklistschecklistsdata processing programsdata processing programsweight for height chart (nutrition)weight for height chart (nutrition)gap identification tables (coordination)gap identification tables (coordination)technical tools, i.e. satellite imagerytechnical tools, i.e. satellite imagery
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.7.
Balancing Speed & AccuracyBalancing Speed & Accuracy
1.1. SpeedSpeed
2. Accuracy2. Accuracy
Utility of Assessment Findings
= AccuracyTimef
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.8.
Remember!Remember!The Initial Rapid Assessment:The Initial Rapid Assessment:
– just the first of manyjust the first of many– quickquick– simplifiedsimplified
A general rule:A general rule:
Get the whole picture half right.
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.9.
Informal Informal MethodsMethods
Rapid Appraisal Rapid Appraisal MethodsMethods
Cost, TimeCost, TimeSkills, FlexibilitySkills, Flexibility
ValidityValidityReliabilityReliabilityCredibilityCredibility
Trade-offs Among MethodsTrade-offs Among Methods
Formal MethodsFormal Methods
(Probability Sampling)(Probability Sampling)
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.10.
Probability sampling … what is it?Probability sampling … what is it?
……a process: a portion -- or a a process: a portion -- or a random sample random sample - of the - of the whole population is selected, examined, interviewed whole population is selected, examined, interviewed or measuredor measured
Purpose: to obtain more precise information about Purpose: to obtain more precise information about the population without having to interview everybodythe population without having to interview everybody
Random Random sample: every member has equal chance of sample: every member has equal chance of being included in sample. Obtaining “randomness” being included in sample. Obtaining “randomness” requires expertise, strict adherence to proceduresrequires expertise, strict adherence to procedures
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.11.
What are we trying to avoid by using probability sampling?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.12.
Cultural biasCultural bias Gender biasGender bias Seasonal or “time of day” biasSeasonal or “time of day” bias Others?Others?
The Effects of Bias in International The Effects of Bias in International Emergency AssessmentsEmergency Assessments
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.13.
CHOOSE ANY ONE OF THE CARDS BELOW. REMEMBER YOUR CARD
YOUR FACILITATOR WILL NOW MAKE YOUR CARD VANISH!
And now for something completely different!
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.14.
CONCENTRATE ON YOUR CARD WHILE YOUR FACILITATOR READS YOUR MIND AND
REMOVES THE CARD FROM THE GROUP
VOILA! - ITS GONE. BUT HOW DOES IT WORK?
ASSESSMENT BIAS!
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.15.
““Mandate” Bias &Mandate” Bias &The value of inter-agency assessmentThe value of inter-agency assessment
NeedsNeeds
MandateMandate
ResourcesResources(or “met” needs(or “met” needs
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.16.
Reduce bias through:Reduce bias through:
• TriangulationTriangulation: varying techniques, : varying techniques, indicators of same event, info sources, indicators of same event, info sources, team compositionteam composition
• CoordinationCoordination
• Joint assessmentJoint assessment
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.17.
Assessment Fundamentals:Assessment Fundamentals:
2. Those in need are people with strengths and capacities on which to build emergency programming responses.
1. All refugees/ 1. All refugees/ displaced or disaster-displaced or disaster-affected areaffected are not not the the same and any single same and any single ethnic or religious ethnic or religious group is group is notnot homogeneous.homogeneous.
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.18.
AGE
GENDER
For Effective Planning: For Effective Planning: Identify Demographic Identify Demographic
CompositionComposition
FAMILY STATUS
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.19.
Disaggregating DataDisaggregating Data
Disaggregate data to:Disaggregate data to:– identify disparities concealed by averagesidentify disparities concealed by averages – ensure equity of access to goods and ensure equity of access to goods and
servicesservices Remember: Remember: Disaggregated data cannot be Disaggregated data cannot be
assumed assumed from pre-crisis datafrom pre-crisis data– refugee emergencies distortrefugee emergencies distort
demographicsdemographics– traditional gender and age-specific roles traditional gender and age-specific roles
may changemay change
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.20.
Assessing Capacity:Assessing Capacity:Capacities / Vulnerabilities AnalysisCapacities / Vulnerabilities Analysis
ResourcesResources
Social/Social/OrganizationalOrganizational
Motivational/Motivational/Attitudinal Attitudinal
VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilitiesCapacitiesCapacities
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.21.
C/VA - C/VA - Disaggregated by GenderDisaggregated by Gender
ResourcesResources
Social/Social/OrganizationalOrganizational
Motivational/Motivational/Attitudinal Attitudinal
CapacitiesCapacities VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
WomenWomen MenMen WomenWomen MenMen
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.22.
Macedonians returning home from Kosovo
UNHCR photo
Analyse the next several scenes: What can you assess from what you see?What can you assess from what you don’t see?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.23.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.24.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.25.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.26.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.27.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.28.
UNHCR photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 6.3.29.
UNHCR photo