Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China? Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China?

Unit 13Unit 13

What can be done to solve the power What can be done to solve the power problems of China?problems of China?

What can be done to solve the power What can be done to solve the power problems of China?problems of China?

Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China?

km

Move power resources from rich areas to poor areas

What are the solutions to the power problems of China?


Wind millWind millDalian Bay coal wharfDalian Bay coal wharf

Oil Oil

ShanghaiShanghai

GuangdongGuangdong




Barren landscape in western region of ChinaBarren landscape in western region of China Rugged and stony road which is dangerousRugged and stony road which is dangerous


Improve transport networks

The transport system in China is poor, especially in the north and the north-west of China.

China Freight Transport in 1975-1995China Freight Transport in 1975-1995 China Freight Transport in 1975-1995China Freight Transport in 1975-1995 Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China?


The freight transport of China was increased about four times from 1975 to 1995.




Pipelines for the transport of oil are few.

Pipelines





The present railway and road networks are inadequate to meet the transport requirement.

Only through the improvement of our road and railway networks can the cost of transporting power resources be lowered.




There is lack of sufficient funds for maintaining efficient mining.

Coal field in GobiCoal field in GobiAgeing coal mines in the north-west China.Ageing coal mines in the north-west China.


Increase production by bringing in foreign investment

Many coal mines and oil fields are ageing and need renovations.



Increase production by bringing in foreign investment

The restriction on foreign participation is one of the reasons for insufficient investment.

Prohibited foreign investment in power industries include

1. Construction and management of electricity network;

2. Construction and management of urban networks of water supply, water drainage, gas and heat power.




Yuans/tonne

Pri

ce

Year

Market-based price

Planned price

Prices of coal in ChinaPrices of coal in China Increase production by

bringing in foreign investment

The fixed low planned prices of

power resources in China cannot

encourage foreign investment in

energy production.

Government policies need to be changed in order to attract more capital for the development of power resources.




Conservation of power resources

People should use power resources in an efficient way to control energy consumption.

Coal should replace oil wherever possible as a raw material in the manufacture of fertilizers.Coal seamCoal seam


What are renewable and non-renewable power resources?


Renewable power resources -- Some power resources can be recovered or recycled so they cannot be used up.

Solar power

Water power

Geothermal power

Wind power

Biomass powerTidal power


Renewable power resourcesRenewable power resources Solar power

Do you know how solar

panels collect

sunlight to produce

heat at this house ?


Black pipes

Solar panelsHot water

tank

Bath

Radiator

How solar panels collect sunlight to produce heat How solar panels collect sunlight to produce heat for various uses at home?for various uses at home?

Sunlight from the sun is changed into heat.

When water beneath the panels is heated, steam is generated to

turn the turbine in the generator to

produce electricity.


Solar power

Wind power


Renewable power resourcesRenewable power resources

Windmills are commonly found in areas where strong winds frequently blow.

Wind power



Wind mills are used to tap wind power.Wind sails are moved by wind.The rotating sails then turn the turbine in the generator to produce electricity.

Wind energy produces electricity without creating pollution or emitting carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, the wind will never run out. Along with other renewable technologies and energy efficiency, it will be crucial in reducing global climate change, acid rain and other environmental problems.


Growth in wind power worldwide

Water power


Renewable power resources

With water power, we make use of the flow of water to produce electricity.

Snowy Mountain Scheme is multi-purpose scheme in Australia

Dam Sluice gate

Penstock

Power house

Generator

Turbine

Outlet

Reservoir

Water power


How hydro-electric power is produced?

In order to produce a fast flow of water, the valley of a river is dammed and water is made to fall from a great height along a penstock.

The fast flowing water then turns the turbine in the generator to generate electricity.

Renewable power resources Tidal power


With tidal power, we make use of the rise and fall of tides which converts the energy of ocean currents and tides into clean, economical, and sustainable electric power.

A tidal power plant in the USA

Powerful tides

Turbines which operate from either flow directionTurbines which operate from either flow direction Tidal power


Tide rising

Open sea

Tide coming in

Estuary

Tide falling

Open sea

Tide going out

Up to 10 m range in tide

Estuary

When the tide falls, sea

water rushes into the bay.

When the tide falls, sea water rushes out of it.

Estuary River

Tide falls

Tide rises

Open ocean

The estuary is dammed

How the rise and fall of tides generates electricity?How the rise and fall of tides generates electricity?

Tidal power


Sea water rushes in and out through the openings in the dam turning turbine to generate electricity.

Tidal power brings no harm to the environment, so people support to build tidal power stations.

The tidal power station on the River Rance in FranceThe tidal power station on the River Rance in France

Tidal power


The tidal power station on the River Rance, St.Malo France was built in 1967. There is a 750 meter long dyke to impound tides that can be as high as 13 meters.

Geothermal power



This geothermal power plant is located in the USA. It produces 22.6Mw (net) of power per year.

Do you know how a

geothermal power plant operates?

Steam

Heat

4 000 m

Water Power station

Geothermal power


How underground heat is used to produce electricity?

From molten magma underground heat is

released. There is an enormous amount of heat

stored underground in active volcanic areas.

Water piped underground changes into steam.

The steam produced is used to turn the turbine

in the generator to produce electricity.

A geothermal plant in New Zealand

Some examples of geothermal plants in the world



A geothermal plant in Tibet, China

A geothermal plant in the USA

A geothermal plant in the Philippines

Biomass power



What is Biomass?

Biomass is the name given to any recent organic matter that has been derived from plants as a result of the photosynthetic conversion process.

Growing crops for energy will bring energy industries into rural

areas.

Biomass power



Biomass energy is derived from plant and animal material, such as wood from forests, residues from agricultural and forestry processes, and industrial, human or animal wastes.

This is a biomass power plant which combined production of electricity and heat from wood and waste fuels.

Biomass, if properly grown and managed, is a renewable resource. It does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere because it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as fuel.

How biomass power is produced?How biomass power is produced?


Biomass power

Organic material, organic waste and water are put into a big container.

As the organic material and waste decay, biogas is given off.

The gas is then collected and used as a fuel for heating and cooking.

Gas

Outlet chamber

Residue removing pipe can be inserted and pump used

Lid

Sediment used on land as manure

Waste and water

Water inside rim

Cover

Gas tube




Non-renewable power resources -- Some power resources cannot be formed fast enough to meet consumption.

It has been estimated in one or two centuries’ time our coal, oil and natural gas will be used up.

Coal

Natural gas

Oil

Can renewable power resources replace fossil fuels?



There is an urgent need to conserve these power resources for our future generations.

Conservation of fossil fuels

If fossil fuels continue to be consumed at the present rate, China’s coal, oil and natural gas will soon be used up.



Development of renewable power resources

Solar energy, wind power, water power, tidal power and biomass power are clean, inexhaustible and cheap in the long term and cause no pollution problem.


Wind mill

Dam



Development problems


1. The initial cost of developing renewable resources is high.

2. Some renewable resources are not always reliable.

3. The electricity generated by these resources cannot be transported beyond 600 km.

Terms to learnTerms to learnPlanned pricesPlanned prices (制訂價格制訂價格)--prices of fuels such as

coal and oil are arbitrarily controlled and fixed by the government. The prices are usually low.

Conservation of power resourcesConservation of power resources (節約能源節約能源)--using power resources in an efficient way to control consumption.

Tidal powerTidal power (潮汐能潮汐能)--power that comes from the rise and fall of tides which is used for the generation of electricity.


Terms to learnTerms to learn

Geothermal powerGeothermal power (地熱能地熱能)--the heat energy that comes from hot magma stored beneath the ground surface.

Biomass powerBiomass power (生物能生物能)--when organic material and waste decay, biogas is given off which can be burned as fuel.


Documents

Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China? Unit 13 What can be done to solve the power problems of China?