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Name: ____________________ AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th

Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello

Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Guided Reading Questions (50 pts total)

Chapter 8 – An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Compare and contrast the catabolic and anabolic pathways. 2. Define the following terms. These terms and concepts are critical. a. energy –

b. kinetic energy –

c. heat/thermal energy –

d. chemical energy –

e. thermodynamics –

f. first law of thermodynamics –

g. second law of thermodynamics –

h. free energy -

3. Contrast exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy, stability, and the capacity to do work.

4. How do you know if a reaction is spontaneous?

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5. Can a closed system at equilibrium do work? Why or why not? 6. List and give an example of the three main kinds of cellular work done by ATP.

1.

2.

3.

7. Label the diagram and indicate how cellular work is done by ATP.

8. Define the term “phosphorylated.” 9. In your own words, explain the concept of coupled reactions and ATP doing “work”. AP Biology Exam Checkpoint: _____ 10. Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) some aspect of energy in living organisms?

A. Living organisms can use energy to do work. B. Organisms expend energy in order to decrease their entropy. C. Living organisms can convert energy among several different forms. D. A, B, and C

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Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

1. Define the two catabolic pathways:

a. fermentation –

b. cellular respiration -

2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent.

3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? 4. In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced? 5. Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme NAD+.

6. Why are electron transport chains an advantage to living systems?

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7. What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration? 8. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? 9. Complete the chart of glycolysis shown here:

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10. Label the transition reaction converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA below:

11. Study the detailed diagram of the citric acid cycle (Figure 9.12) and answer the questions below. a. Where does the C “go” that is removed?

b. What is happening when NAD+ -> NADH + H+?

c. Where is substrate level phosphorylation happening?

12. What is oxidative phosphorylation? 13. Define chemiosmosis and label the diagram on the right. Definition:

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14. Label the diagram of the activities occurring on the ETC and answer the question below the diagram.

Question: What are cytochromes? 15. Complete the summary diagram of cellular respiration. You are expected to know these numbers and

locations!

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16. Label the diagrams of fermentation and answer the question below.

Question: What is the overall purpose of fermentation? In other words, why does fermentation occur? 17. Does aerobic cellular respiration happen in prokaryotic organisms? If so, where?

18. What is the evolutionary significance of glycolysis?

19. Why would AMP stimulate cellular respiration and ATP inhibit it?

AP Biology Exam Checkpoint:

Frogs of three different species were weighed and the amount of oxygen consumed by each species was determined by placing them in a respirometer for 1 hour. The results of this experiment are shown on the right.

Species Average Mass

(grams) cm3 of O2

consumed per hour

1 15 0.75

2 11 0.55

3 21 1.05

_____ 20. From the information in the table, it is most reasonable to conclude that

A. each species of frog has its own unique rate of respiration. B. the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight for each species is the same. C. the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight by the largest frog is almost three

times that by the smaller frog. D. since all frogs respire through their skin, smaller frogs with smaller surface areas will consume

less oxygen per gram of body weight than larger frogs with larger surface areas.

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Chapter 10 – Photosynthesis 1. Label the diagram on the right.

2. Use the diagram below to label and identify the two broad stages of photosynthesis.

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3. What is carbon fixation? 4. What is a photon? 5. Why are leaves green? 6. What is the difference between an absorption spectrum and an action spectrum? 7. What happens to chlorophyll when it is hit by light? How does this relate to potential energy? 8. Identify the following parts of a photosystem: a. photosystem –

b. light harvesting complex –

c. reaction center -

d. primary electron acceptor -

9. What are the steps in noncyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?

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10. What is cyclic electron flow? 11. Compare and contrast chemiosmosis in mitochondria and

chloroplasts - label the diagram to assist – but also write a response in the space on the left.

12. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

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13. Describe and explain the overall purpose of the Calvin cycle and each phase listed below: a. Calvin cycle – b. carbon fixation - c. reduction – d. regeneration - 14. Label the diagram below of the Calvin Cycle.

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15. What is a plant’s most valuable resource and why did plants need to evolve adaptations for hot, arid climates?

16. Why is photorespiration considered such a “waste”? 17. Label the diagram below to explain C4 plants.

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18. Label the diagram to compare the C4 and CAM pathways.

C4 CAM

19. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities of photosynthesis.

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AP Biology Exam Checkpoint: The graph to the right shows the relationship of photosynthetic rate and irradiance (light intensity) as it is influenced by both temperature and carbon dioxide level. _____ 20. According to the graph, the greatest rate of

photosynthesis occurs when CO2 is present at

A. low concentrations B. high concentrations C. high concentrations and low irradiance levels D. high concentrations and high irradiance levels