Unit 3: The Byzantine EmpireUnit 3: The Byzantine Empire The new empire in the EastThe new empire in the East

GeographyGeography ConstantinopleConstantinople LocationLocation

The Bosporus straitThe Bosporus strait TradeTrade

DefenseDefense WallsWalls MoatMoat PeninsulaPeninsula

Geography and natural defensesGeography and natural defenses

Latin West vs. the Byzantine EastLatin West vs. the Byzantine East The WestThe West

LanguageLanguage LatinLatin

Legal systemLegal system ReligionReligion EducationEducation EconomyEconomy LifestyleLifestyle

Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture

The EastThe East LanguageLanguage

GreekGreek Legal systemLegal system ReligionReligion EducationEducation EconomyEconomy LifestyleLifestyle

Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture

Economy and PoliticsEconomy and Politics Byzantine ProsperityByzantine Prosperity

Trade (silk)Trade (silk) Art (mosaics)Art (mosaics) Weapons (Greek Fire)Weapons (Greek Fire)

The Relationship between church and stateThe Relationship between church and state East (Bishop chosen by Emperor)East (Bishop chosen by Emperor) West (Pope chooses HRE)West (Pope chooses HRE)

The Split between East and WestThe Split between East and West ChristianityChristianity

LanguageLanguage Ceremonies / Holy daysCeremonies / Holy days Filioque statementFilioque statement IconoclasmIconoclasm Married clergyMarried clergy ““One God, one Emperor, one religionOne God, one Emperor, one religion

The Schism of 1054The Schism of 1054 Eastern Orthodox ChurchEastern Orthodox Church

Justinian and Theodora (527-Justinian and Theodora (527-565)565)

Justinian's CodeJustinian's Code Theodora (wife)Theodora (wife) The Hagia SophiaThe Hagia Sophia Conquest of the WestConquest of the West

The StirrupThe Stirrup

Justinian in the WestJustinian in the West

The Hagia SophiaThe Hagia Sophia

The Byzantine Empire BesiegedThe Byzantine Empire Besieged By 631 had lost back all of the land in the By 631 had lost back all of the land in the

WestWest Why?Why?

The Emergence of IslamThe Emergence of Islam 717 Muslim Navy repelled by Greek Fire717 Muslim Navy repelled by Greek Fire

Slavs in the Balkans in the 11Slavs in the Balkans in the 11 thth Century Century

Byzantine Empire by 1050Byzantine Empire by 1050

The Decline of the Byzantine EmpireThe Decline of the Byzantine Empire

Military never great (diplomacy now less Military never great (diplomacy now less effective)effective)

1071 1071 The Battle of ManzikertThe Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks) (Seljuk Turks) Wiped out the Byzantine armyWiped out the Byzantine army

1204: 41204: 4thth Crusade took Constantinople Crusade took Constantinople 1453: Ottoman Turks1453: Ottoman Turks

Memhed IIMemhed II

The SteppeThe Steppe Dry grassland from Dry grassland from

Manchuria to HungryManchuria to Hungry Western SteppeWestern Steppe

Central Asia to EuropeCentral Asia to Europe Eastern SteppeEastern Steppe

Present-day MongoliaPresent-day Mongolia Little rainLittle rain Dry wind that supports Dry wind that supports

rugged type of grassrugged type of grass

Nomadic Way of LifeNomadic Way of Life Pastoralist Pastoralist Constantly on the move Constantly on the move

looking for new areas to looking for new areas to graze graze

Nomads don’t aimlessly Nomads don’t aimlessly wander, they followed a wander, they followed a seasonal pattern.seasonal pattern.

Battles often erupted Battles often erupted over the landover the land

ClansClans Family groups Family groups

TemujinTemujin Born into legendBorn into legend Father was killed when he Father was killed when he

was 9 was 9 Mother raised the family in Mother raised the family in

poverty. poverty. Revenge (Tatars)Revenge (Tatars) 1200 A.D. 1200 A.D.

Temujin brought the clans Temujin brought the clans together as one grouptogether as one group

““Universal Leader”Universal Leader” Genghis Khan (1206)Genghis Khan (1206) Led the Mongols in Led the Mongols in

conquering much of Asia conquering much of Asia

Genghis the ConquerorGenghis the Conqueror Brilliant organizerBrilliant organizer Gifted strategist Gifted strategist

Used tricks to decisive his Used tricks to decisive his enemies enemies

Fake retreat Fake retreat Adopted new weapons and Adopted new weapons and

strategiesstrategies HorseHorse BowBow

Used cruelty as a weaponUsed cruelty as a weapon Psychological warfarePsychological warfare One of the first people to use One of the first people to use

terrorism terrorism

The Mongol EmpireThe Mongol Empire After the death of Genghis Kahn his territory After the death of Genghis Kahn his territory

was divided by his heirswas divided by his heirs KhanatesKhanates

Kublai KahnKublai Kahn began the began the Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty of of ChinaChina Defeated in 1368 by the Ming DynastyDefeated in 1368 by the Ming Dynasty