Unit 4: Psychology in Our Daily Life

PreparationWith a link to Unit 5 “Dreams”

A tiny requirement: take notes and use heads

Public Speaking

1. Do You Really Know Your Self?

Public Speaking

2. What Do Customers Want?

An extra speech (tedtalk)

“How to Start a Movement”

--When am I the ridiculous one?

--Who is the key role in the starting of the movement?

Chatting time

P107: E1 E 2 E 3 P 132-133: E 2 E 3

A Few Words about A Few Words about PsychologyPsychology

A beginning question

---How much do you know about psychology?

Psychology

• The word psychology is from Greek: ψυχή (psukhē: "breath", "spirit", "soul"); and -

λογία (-logia: "study of") • Psychology ("study of the soul" or "study of the

mind”) involves the scientific study of human (or animal) mental functions and behaviors.

• Psychological knowledge is applied to various spheres of human activity, including the family, education, and employment; and to the treatment of mental health problems.

Psychologist

• In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist

• Psychologists study such topics as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind

psychiatry 精神病学 / 精神病治疗To deal with problems like:• Eating disorders• Suicide • Depression• Love & relationships• Smoking • Phobia (acrophobia, hydrophobia, …)• Dealing with stress• Sleeping hygiene• Post-traumatic disorder

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud Carl Jung

Sigmund Freud

• 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939• a Jewish-Austrian neurologist who

founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry.

Freud’s ideas --an incomplete introduction

• personality is developed by the person's childhood experiences

• The Unconscious• Psychosexual development • Id, ego, and super-ego• The life and death drives

The UnconsciousThe Interpretation of Dreams (1899)

• conscious / preconscious / unconscious• The preconscious was described as a layer

between conscious and unconscious thought; • Freud called dreams the "royal road to the

unconscious". This meant that dreams illustrate the "logic" of the unconscious mind.

• One key factor in the operation of the unconscious is "repression".

Psychosexual development

• Freud named his new theory the Oedipus complex after the famous Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. "I found in myself a constant love for my mother, and jealousy of my father. I now consider this to be a universal event in childhood," Freud said.

• He used the Oedipus conflict to point out how much he believed that people desire incest and must repress that desire.

• Freud also believed that the libido developed in individuals by changing its object

Personality: Id, ego, and super-ego

Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920 essay) The Ego and the Id (1923)

The Id contains our primitive drives and operates largely according to the pleasure principle, whereby its two main goals are the seeking of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.

The Ego is aware of reality and hence operates via the reality principle, whereby it recognizes what is real and understands that behaviors have consequences.

The Super ego contains our values and social morals, which often come from the rules of right and wrong that we learned in childhood from our parents are contained in the conscience.

The rational ego attempts to exact a balance between id and super-ego.

The life and death drives

humans were driven by two conflicting central desires:

Life drive (libido/Eros) (survival, propagation, hunger, thirst, and sex) : included all creative, life-producing drives.

Death drive (or death instinct): represented an urge inherent in all living things to return to a state of calm: in other words, an inorganic or dead state.

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

• a Swiss psychiatrist, an influential thinker and the founder of analytical psychology (also known as Jungian psychology)

• a close colleague of Freud; had a long but intense relation with Freud; the two diverged on their ideas and understanding of human mind.

Jung's Conception Of The Collective Unconscious

While the personal unconscious is organized by complexes (i.e., Oedipal complex),

the collective unconscious is characterized by "archetypes," "instinctual patterns of behavior and perception," which can be traced in dreams and myths.

What about What about Psychology in the Psychology in the Business world?Business world?

What about What about Psychology in the Psychology in the Business world?Business world?

Recommend: Recommend: The Century of The Century of SELFSELF

A beginning case—a website for some people’s daily use

Psychological Principles in Ads(P133: E 4)

• Perception—which things stand out• Selective attention—why do these things stand

out?• Memory—is visual memory or auditory memory

more prominent?• Gender roles—which characteristics are

prominent? • Classical conditioning—what are the advertisers

encouraging you to associate the product with? • …

More ads (see videos)

Case analysis

You are expected to talk a lot…

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The End

to see some specific cases of “Psychology in Daily Life” in the three passages of this unit…