Unit 5.1 ~ Cell Energy:

PHOTOSYNTHESISObjectives/Goals:

• Classify organisms in how they obtain energy

• Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis

• Understand how ATP is used to provide cells with energy

Language Goals:

Define: Photosynthesis, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Hydrolysis, Dehydration Synthesis, Pigments, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids

At the end of this lesson I will be able to:

▪ Compare and contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

▪ List the reactants and products of photosynthesis

▪ Describe how ATP powers all cells.

How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?

Autotrophs

• Also called:

• What process do autotrophs use to make food?

• What are some examples of autotrophs?

HETEROTROPHS

• Also called:

• How do heterotrophs get their food?

• What are some examples of heterotrophs?

Energy for Life

Photosynthesis• Define: Process that

converts sunlight energy into sugar

(______________________)

in plants.

Respiration• DEFINE: process that

converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells

Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms

Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?

ATP & Energy

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule

• Our Cells use ATP for: ALL LIFE PROCESSES (growth, reproduction, etc)

adenine ribose three phosphate groups

ATPHOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS?

• ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups

• When a bond is broken energy is released

HERE IS HOW IT WORKS:

The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:

Chloroplasts: a plant organelle that carries out Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are like:mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose!

What makes them green?

The pigment Chlorophyll

What is a pigment?

• natural substance that gives color to animals and plants

• Absorb and reflect wavelengths of light

• We see the reflected color

What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb?

Pigments

What are all the colors of visible light?

Pigments WHAT ARE OTHER PIGMENTS CALLED?

Carotenoids:

“back up pigments”

ex. – Orange,

Red, Yellow

Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

ProductsReactants

The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis

1. Light Reactions

• Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast and excites electrons

• H2O is Split into H and O2

• ATP & NADPH is made

2. Dark Reactions (light independent)

• AKA: Calvin Cycle

• CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into GLUCOSE and more CO2

• What is the difference between these two stages?

One needs sunlight to happen the other can happen with sunlight or without.

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

• Light Intensity – the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis.

• CO2 Concentration – the more CO2, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.

• Temperature –rate of photosynthesisslows down at extremesof hot or cold.

NEXT CLASS

Respiration &

Factors effecting

Photo & Resp.

How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?

EUGLENA

HETEROTROPHAUTOTROPH

Unit 5.2 ~ Cell Energy: Respiration

Objectives/Goals:

• Identify the reactants and products of Respiration

• Identify the relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration

• Identify the factors that effect Photosynthesis and Respiration

Language Goals:

Define: Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Glycolysis, and Carbon Oxygen Cycle

At the end of this lesson I will be able to:

▪ List the reactants and products of Respiration

▪ Explain how Photosynthesis and Respiration are complimentary processes.

▪ Interpret graphs & make predictions how rates of photosynthesis & respiration will change when effected by abiotic factors.

AND

Cellular Respiration• Respiration – the

biochemical process that converts glucose (C6H12O6) made in photosynthesis into ATP

• Occurs in both: autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Two Types of Respiration

AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC

• Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy.

• The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:

C6H1206 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP

ProductsReactants

Respiration• Anaerobic respiration - DOES NOT REQUIRE

OXYGEN.

• Also called FERMENTATION

• What Products do we get from fermentation?wine cheese bread

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration STARTwith the same process called… GLYCOLYSIS

Glycolysis

• It happens in CYTOPLASM

• The chemical equation for glycolysis is:

C6H12O6 + 2ATP 2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP

• Means “split the sugar”

– Net gain of 2ATP

Aerobic Respiration• It happens in the MITOCHONDRIA

1. Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO2, and ATP.

2. The H+ ions bond to other molecules and end up making 34 more ATP.

3. 2 ATP (Glycolysis)

+ 34 ATP (aerobic)

= 36 TOTAL ATP made in Aerobic Resp.

Anaerobic RespirationTwo types:

Alcoholic Fermentation & Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Always happens in the CYTOPLASM.• Both processes result in the production of only:

2 ATP MOLECULES.

• STARTS WITH GLYCOLYSIS

Two types of Anaerobic Respiration

Alcoholic Fermentation

In (plants/bacteria/fungi)

2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS

Lactic Acid Fermentation

In

(animals)

Alcohol and

carbon dioxide

2 ATPLactic Acid & carbon dioxide

2 ATP

2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS

Cheese, wine, bread Feel the burn!

HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?

PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR

RESPIRATION ARE:

Complimentary Processes –

the products for one are the

reactants for the other!

NEXT CLASS

Cell Energy

REVIEW for

QUIZ on notes

5.1 & 5.2

Process Location Reactants Products

Glycolysis

Aerobic respiration

Lactic acid

fermentation

Alcoholic

fermentation

Summary of Cellular Respiration

CYTOPLASM GLUCOSEPyruvic Acid

+ 2 ATP

Mitochondria Pyruvic Acid

+ OxygenCO2

+ 36 ATP

CYTOPLASM

Pyruvic Acid

CYTOPLASMPyruvic Acid

Lactic Acid

+ 2 atp + CO2

Alcohol

+ 2ATP + CO2

Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration

What is ATP and how does it power our cells?

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) =

• Cells use ATP for:

HOW DOES

ENERGY GET

RELEASED

FROM ATP?

WHAT

ORGANELLE

MAKES ATP?

What are the two types of Respiration?

5.1.4 What Factors effect Photosynthesis and Respiration?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Happens in:

Where:

To Convert Sunlight into:

To be used in:

RESPIRATIONHappens in:

Where:

To Break down:

To release:

To Use For:

Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

How are these

two processes related?

Photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary Processes because they both make what the other needs!

Aerobic Respiration