1865 1900‐Time of huge economic growth, new industries for Texas and rise of technology.

Railroads brought people and business to Texas and enabled farmers and ranchers to transport their products more efficiently. Texas became a leading producer of both cattle and cotton.

Terms of Treaty:

1. American Indians agreed to live on reservations in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).

2. Government would provide them food and supplies,

3. Protected from soldiers.

4. Indians would agree to stop attacking Anglo American settlements.

For: Some Indians signed treaty because of loss of food supply and wanted peace

Against: Some Indians did not want to end their way of life: living off the land and hunting buffalo

All African American Calvary unit in US Army

- Fought Indians- Protected settlers- Protected railroad crews- Protected telegraph crews - Called “buffalo soldiers” because Indians gave them nickname out of respect

-Loss of buffalo due to buffalo hunters

- Land that was used for hunting was turned into towns, farms and ranches

- War, disease and lack of food killed many Indians

-Last Comanche Chief

-Decided to surrender and lead his tribe to white man culture due to lack of food

-Became a successful businessman and rancher

-Large amount of land for ranching

- Demand for beef was high in eastern and western states

- Large supply of wild longhorn cattle

- Good climate (mild)

-Abundant water sources (lots of water)

- Lots of grass to feed cattle

- Cowboys drove cattle north to “cow towns” to where the railroad was located before it came to Texas.They would ship the cattle by railroad to slaughterhouses in the east.

- Cattle rustlers and Indians tried to steal cattle

-Cowboys were injured or died

- Cattle stampedes

- Weather storms

- Barbed wire made it harder to travel

- Put up to cut off land that was being destroyed by animals of other ranchers

- Sometimes enclosed water supply for other ranches and led to need for windmills

- Prevented cattle drives from passing through

- Ended cattle drives because cattle could be now be moved in Texas

- Brought new settlers to Texas

- New businesses and towns grew at railroad depots and junctions

- Began in southern Texas and ended at “Cow towns” of Abilene, Kansas City, etc. where the railroad was located to ship cattle to slaughterhouses

- Railroads and factories were built throughout Texas to increase trade

- The cotton gin increased production of cotton and made Texas farmers more money

- New jobs and new factories to produce cotton

- Open range is the frontier land where animals roamed freely

- New settlers came in and claimed the land for their own

- Barbed wire and enclosing land prevented animals from grazing any open land

- Definition: System of farming where freed slaves were given land in exchange for a share of the crops (see chart)

- Kept them in a life of debt and poverty and restricted their social advancement

- Ranching is still a part of Texas economy and cattle products are the highest agriculture income in Texas

- Cowboy and ranching lifestyle is a part of Texas culture today

https://jeopardylabs.com/play/unit-8-cotton-cattle-railroad

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