Unit Six Section A

Unit SixUnit Six

Section ASection A

Lead-inLead-in

New words and expressionsNew words and expressions

TextText

After-reading Activities After-reading Activities

WritingWriting

Fun TimeFun Time

Lead-in

Watch and Discuss

Listen and Talk

Background Information

How to address your family members, close friends and other people?

Why does a person need a name?

Watch the Video and Answer the Questions

Lead-in

Lead-in

Listen to the Tape and Answer the Questions1. What are some of the ways names

can make a difference?

2. In what way can teachers be guilty of name prejudice?

3. What does the writer suggest you do if your name does not suit you?

RoseRose JackJack TomTom

RoyRoy MayMay SueSue

1. The author describes five ways.

2. One classroom study showed teachers gave lower grades to essays written by boys with certain names than to the very same essayswith only the names changed.

3. The writer suggests if your name doesn’t suit you, you can change your name.

A Chinese surname, family name (Chinese: 姓 ) or clan name ( 氏 ), is one of the hundreds or thousands of family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Simonized Chinese ethnic groups in mainland China, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities. The colloquial expressions lao bai xing ( 老百姓 ; "old hundred surnames"), or bǎi xìng ( 百姓 , "hundred surnames") are used in Chinese to mean "ordinary people", "the people," or "commoners." ( 百家姓 bǎi jiā xìng) is also used to call the list of one hundred most common surnames.

Prior to the Qin Dynasty (3rd century BC) China was largely a feudal society. As fiefdoms were divided and subdivided among descendants, so additional sub-surnames known as shi were created to distinguish between different seniority of lineages among the nobles though in theory they shared the same ancestor. In this way, a nobleman would hold a shi and a xing. After the states of China were unified by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC, surnames gradually devolved to the lower classes and the difference between xing and shi blurred.

Prior to the Warring States Period (5th century BC), only the royal family and the aristocratic elite could generally take surnames. Historically there was also difference between xing and shi. Xing were surnames held by the immediate royal family. They generally are composed of a nü ( 女 , meaning "female") radical which suggests that they originated from matriarchal societies based on maternal lineages. An other hypothesis has been proposed by sinologist Léon Vandermeersch upon observation of the evolution of characters in oracular scripture from the Shang dynasty through the Zhou. The "female" radical seems to appear at the Zhou period next to Shang sonograms indicating an ethnic group or a tribe. This combination seems to designate specifically a female and could mean "lady of such or such clan". The structure of the xing sonogram could reflect the fact that in the royal court of Zhou, at least in the beginning, only females (wives married into the Zhou family from other clans) were called by their birth clan name, while the men were usually designated by their title or fief.

Read the following sentences.

What are the Chinese meanings for them?

1. They call each other all sorts of names.

2. He was a chairman only in name.他们用各种恶言恶语互骂。

他是个名义上的主席。

3. His name is mud.

4. Thomas Edison was a great name in science.

5. In fishing, patience is the name of the game.

6. He doesn’t have a penny to his name.

他声名狼藉。

托玛斯 · 爱迪生是个科学伟人。

钓鱼时，耐心是最重要的。他一文不名。

Full Name

Given Name Middle Name Surname (Family Name)

Want a good name?Want a good name?

Visit:Visit:1.www.kabalarians.com/

index.htm2.www.behindthename.com

New Words and Expressions

New Words

Useful Expressions

Practice

substitute v.substitute v.1) vt. put (sth./ sb. ) in place of another

2) vi. act or serve as a replacement

FOR EXAMPLE:

They were substituting violence for dialogue.

他们正以暴力取代对话。Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe.

在此烹饪法中可以用蜂蜜取代糖。c.f. substitute n.

To Remember: sub (in place of , 取代 ) + stitute (to cause to stand) 取代 , 替代

A person or thing that places, acts for or serves as sb. or sth. else

The teacher is ill, so a substitute is teaching today.

老师病了，因此今天由代课教师教课。

confidence TO remember:

confidence →con(= fully) +fid (trust)→ 完全相信→信赖，信任

1) belief in one’s own or another’s ability.

John lacks confidence in himself.

He answered the questions with confidence.

2) faith; full trustDon’t put too much confidence in what the paper says.

Don’t break my confidence.

characteristic

Rainy days are characteristic of June.

六月的特点是雨天多。

Such honesty is characteristic of him.

这种诚实是他的特殊作风。

FOR EXAMPLE:

a. representative; representing a person’s thing’s usual character

n. a special and easily recognized quality of sb. or sth.

Genes determine the characteristic of every living thing.

基因决定了每种生物的特征。

http://www.tot.name/show/13/64/20051101112707.htm

prominent

FOR EXAMPLE:a. important and usu. widely known

people prominent in science 科学界的知名人士

The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic.

standing or extending far out (beyond a surface)

Her nose is too prominent. 她的鼻子太高了。

To remember: pro + min + nent

forward jut adj.

政府应在改善公共交通方面起更重要的作用。


refine vt.

1)make (sb. or sth.) more elegant

2)make pure or improve esp. by removing unwanted material

FOR EXAMPLE:

To Remember: re (again) + fine ( 优美 , 精美 , 精致 ) 使…更优美精致使完美 ; 精制 ;提炼

refine one’s language 使某人的语言更为文雅

refining processes 精炼过程

a refined way of speaking 优雅的谈吐

refined tastes 高尚的情趣

德丽娅现在变文雅了。你想像不到她现在多优雅。

Delia has been refined. You can’t imagine how elegant she is now.


acquaintance n.

FOR EXAMPLE:

No one in their entire acquaintance would wear such a dress.

在他们的熟人圈子里，没人会穿这种衣服。

I have an / some acquaintance with the language.

我略懂这门语言。

I’m so pleased to make your acquaintance, Mr. Smith.

1. person whom one knows but who is not a close friend

2. (often slight) knowledge of sb./sth.

史密斯先生，能够认识您我感到很高兴。


confess v.

fess: speak

confess

profess

professionFOR EXAMPLE:

1) admit often unwillingly

The man in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager of the company.

2) admit that one has done sth. wrong, esp. when what one has done is unknown

She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.

FOR EXAMPLE:

blind date: arrangement to meet (each other) made between a man and a woman who have not met each other before

Janet has arranged for me to go on a blind date this Saturday with a man that she knows through work.

本周六珍妮特安排我与一位她在工作中认识的男子见面。

He met his wife in a blind date.

他和妻子是经人介绍认识的。

FOR EXAMPLE:

Press for demand with force

The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions.

主席正在要求改善工作条件。

Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened.

Now you try:

许多家长一直迫切要求重新开办当地那所学校。

FOR EXAMPLE:

ill at ease: uncomfortable; anxious, or worried

He appeared ill at ease at the party.

他在宴会上显得很拘谨。

She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother.

母亲批评她时，她觉得非常困窘。

对 ······ 感到舒服认真 / 严肃地对待

增加对 ······ 的信心

从古至今是对 ······ 的真实写

照把 ······ 加在某人身

上在 ······ 方面做得好

be descriptive of… perform well on ... feel comfortable with project ... on sb. take sth./sb. seriously throughout history add self-confidence to

Text

Main idea and structure

Language Points

Summary of the whole text

Text Analysis – Main Idea and Structure

(Paras. 1-3)(Paras. 1-3)

The importance of one’s names in life

(Paras. 4-7)(Paras. 4-7) Positive and negative effects of one’s names

(Para. 8)(Para. 8) The necessity of changing one’s names

By citing the story of a woman’s experience with her names, the author naturally introduces the topic — the importance of names in life: A good choice of names surely helps one succeed if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to one’s talents.

Based on the narration of several anecdotes ( 轶事 )concerning names, the author exemplifies the positive and negative effects caused by names as social symbols in daily communication: ranging from making friends to evaluating academic performance.

Following the logical line, the author finally brings the article to a conclusion with the suggestion -- if you don’t feel like your name, you may get a better substitute for it -- thus corresponding to the situation at the beginning of the text.

Text Analysis – Analysis of Each Part

Main idea?

Devices for developing it?

Part I (Paras. 1-3)

Part I (Paras. 1-3)

Part IIPart II

Part IIIPart III

A woman known as Debbie changed her

name and consequently won success,

thus suggesting that names affect one’s

life.

Citation ( 引证法 )

Language Points

Main idea?


Part II (Paras. 4-

7)

Part II (Paras. 4-

7)

Part IPart I

Part IIIPart III

Names really help shape favorable images and promote interpersonal relationship. However, names also cause prejudices both in people’s characters and in class-work evaluation.

Contrast ( 对比法 )

Language Points

Suggestion-advancing ( 建议法 )


Part III (Para. 8)

Part III (Para. 8)

Part IPart I

Part IIPart II

If you find your name doesn’t fit

you, the smartest thing for you to

do is to get a better substitute for it.

Main idea?

Language Points

Part IPart ICitation: Starting an argumentation

with an example, which is a very effective and vivid way to introduce the topic

to be discussed in the passage:

Example (Para.1-2):Debbie’s original name didn’t suit her good looks and elegant manner.

After changing her name into Lynne, she won professional success.

Topic (Para.3):Our life is more or less

relation to our name

Language PointsLanguage Points

1. Typical patterns for emphasizing sth.:

原句 : Naturally, the name change didn’t cause

Debbie / Lynne’s professional achievement —but

it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-conf

idence to her talents. (L. 10)

当然，戴比（或林恩）的职业成就并不是改名带来的，但是这肯定给她带来了好处，虽说改名字仅使她对自己的才能增加了一点自信。

句型提炼

Naturally, sb. / sth. does not cause / lea

d to / result in… — but sb. / sth. surely

helps if only by doing….

当然，某一结果并不是由某人或某物带来的，但这肯定给某人带来好处 /

坏处，虽说仅仅是 ······

TranslationTranslation

应用： a. 当然，仅有乐观态度还不能确保你生活幸福，但它的确会给你带来好处，虽说仅仅是改变了你对生活的态度。

Naturally, optimism alone does not ensure

you a happy life—but it surely helps if only

by changing your attitude toward life.

应用： b. 当然，一事无成的后果并不是漫不经心所致 , 但它的确会给你带来坏处，虽说仅仅是对你的表现产生了一点点影响。Naturally, carelessness does not lead to your

failure in everything — but it surely has negative

effects if only by leaving a bit of its mark on your

behavior.

Part IIPart IIMaking contrast ( 对比法 ) is a typical method of paragraph development adopted in this passage so as to clarify the main points.

Effects of Names

Positive effects of names1. Names are related to

specific images. (Para. 4)2. Names with positive

sense encourage new acquaintances. (Para. 5)

Negative effects of names1. People often confuse

names with some characters. (Para. 6)

2. Prejudices against names also affect classroom achievement. (Para. 7)

Part IIPart IIThe main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

The main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

Point A: affect classroom

achievement

Comparison: grades on the same essays written by boys with good names and bad names;

Result: lower

Point B: other sources of classroom difference

Comparison: 1) performance of girls with appealing names and less appealing names; 2) popularity of the girls is related to their names;

Result: better


原句 : Yet , despite this disadvantage, I did manage to become an art critic for a time. Even so, one prominent magazine consistently refused to print “Joe” in my by-line, using my first initials, J.S., instead. (L. 27)

然而，尽管有此不利，我确实曾一度设法成为了一名评论家。即使如此，一家著名的杂志一直拒绝把“乔”作为我的文章的作者署名，而是用我名字的首字母 J.S 来代替它。

2. Typical patterns for adding sth. unfavorable:

Despite… / For all…, sb. did manage to do

sth.. Even so, sb. else refuses to…, doing st

h. else instead.

尽管 ······ ，某人设法做了某事。即使如此，他人仍拒绝 ······ ，而是 ······

句型提炼


应用： a. 尽管薪金低，工作条件差，他还是圆满地完成了任务。即使如此，老板也没有提拔他，而是不公正地对待他。Despite the low salary and bad working conditions, he did manage to finish his task perfectly. Even so, the boss refuses to get him promoted, treating him unfairly instead.

应用： b. 尽管困难重重，中国设法改善了人民生活条件，确保了人民的合法权益。即使如此，一些西方国家打着人权的旗号，拒绝投我国人权现状的赞成票，而是横加指责。For all various difficulties, China has managed to improve people’s living conditions and guarantee their legal rights. Even so, some western countries, under the cover of human rights, refuse to vote for the status of our civil rights, making unfounded charges instead.


原句 : A recent survey showed that American

men thought Susan to be the most attractive fe

male name, while women believed Richard an

d David were the most attractive for men. (L.

32)

最新调查表明：美国男人认为苏珊是最有吸引力的女性名字，而女性则认为查里德和戴维是男人中最有吸引力的名字。

3. Typical patterns for providing evidence:句型提炼

A recent (latest ) survey (study / investigation /

poll) (conducted / done / taken by…) shows (re

veals / indicates / finds) that sb. thinks…, whil

e sb. else believes…

最新调查表明：某人认为 ······ ，而其他人则认为 ······


应用： a. 最近对大学毕业生做的一次调查表明：为数不少的人认为高薪水非常重要，而大多数人则认为找一个有意义的工作，做些有趣的事更重要。A latest survey conducted among college graduates shows that quite a few people think a high salary is of great importance, while most of them believe doing something worthwhile and enjoyable at work is more important.

应用： b. 社会学家做的一项调查表明：多数年轻人认为他们信守传统观念，而另有一些人认为为了家庭和孩子牺牲个人的幸福不值得。

A poll conducted by sociologists indicates that most young people think they remain true to the traditional values, while some others regard it as of little worth to sacrifice personal happiness for the sake of the family and children.

Part IIIPart III Concluding a passage through making

suggestion as to the problems in question is a commonly-used method of ending .

In this passage, based on the analysis made in the previous part, the author naturally comes to his conclusion by putting forward some suggestion about the problems many people face with: if you don’t feel like your name, change it.

Summary of the Passage

Summarize the passage using the tips below.

1. make a difference

2. lead to success

3. suggest qualities

4. specific images

5. a positive sense

6. name stereotyping

7. prejudices against

8. affect one’s evaluation

After-reading Activity

Idea Sharing

Checking yourself

Questions for Discussion

Explain your name to the class and tell them whether you are satisfied whether you are satisfied with your name or notwith your name or not, and whywhy.

Have you ever thought about changing your name into a more attractive one?

Why? Why not?

1 ）名不虚传 2 ）名不副实 3 ）名垂青史 4 ）名列前茅 5 ）名落孙山 6) 名正言顺 7) 顾名思义

Translate the Following Chinese “ 名”

Keys

1) deserve the reputation one enjoys;one’s reputation is justified; be worth one’s name; be true to one’s name

2) be unworthy of one’s name 3) make history; go down in history; be crowne

d with eternal glory; leave a name in history 4) come out top; to be among the best of candi

dates; be on the top of the list 5) be flunked; fail to be admitted/enrolled 6) be legitimate; be perfectly justifiable 7) as the name implies/suggests

Writing

Personal Letter

Model

Task

I. Personal LetterI. Personal Letter

A personal letter usually has six parts: the heading, the date, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close and the signature. In most informal personal letters, the heading may be

omitted.

I. Personal LetterI. Personal Letter

Personal letters are used for social interactions. They are written for

family concerns, thanks, congratulations, invitations, consolations, favors, condolences, apologies and so on.

ModelModel

salutation

complimentary close

Harbin Engineering University

Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001

China

6 Sept., 2006

heading

date

Dear Sir,

Body of Letter

Yours sincerely,

Wan Lin signature

A SampleA Sample

Dear Mum and Dad, It is difficult to believe but I have

already been here for over four months! During the first few weeks I often found myself thinking of home and family. I guess you could say that I had a serious case of “homesickness”. The longer I am here, however, the more I am enjoying my

life and studies on the campus.

A SampleA Sample

Even though I am very happy here, I still think of each of you often and appreciate so much that you have been doing for me. How are you at home? I hope you are both keeping well. See that Dad smokes less so

that he can enjoy better health. I feel very excited at the thought that in ano

ther week I shall be with you again on holiday. I can’t say how much I want to

see you again. Your grateful son, Rich

Your TaskYour Task

Write a letter to your family or friend,or pen friend, telling them about yourlife and studies at college.

Fun Time

A Song

A Flash

Enjoy the song and

tell which is more important when

you choose a partner,

appearance or soul.

I don t want another pretty face I don t want just anyone to hold I don t want my love to go to waste I want you and your beautiful soul You re the one I wanna chase You re the one I wanna hold I wont let another minute go to waste I want you and your beautiful soul

I know that you are something special To you I d be always faithful I want to be what you always needed Then I hope you ll see the heart in me


Your beautiful soul, yeah You might need time to think it over But im just fine moving forward I ll ease your mind If you give me the chance I will never make you cry c`mon lets try


Am I crazy for wanting you Baby do you think you could want me too I don t wanna waste your time Do you see things the way I do I just wanna know if you feel it too There is nothing left to hide


Documents

Unit Six Section A