United States of America

Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics

Cold War Origins

CA Standard 11.9.2 &11.9.3

What is the cold war?

A war of ideasA struggle between the USA & USSR for

dominance in world affairs

Yalta

What happened at Yalta?Conference during WWII

where FDR, Churchill, and Stalin were meeting to plan what would happen to Germany and Poland.Outcome:Germany after they

surrendered would be:• Split into 4 parts

American/British/French/Soviet• West Germany/East Germany

United Nations: We still have it today!

What International Peace keeping organization was instituted after WWII?United Nations

50 Countries joined. (Including US) What were members of the UN supposed to do?

Try to resolve problems peacefully.Promote Justice and cooperation to solve international

problems.Act as a team to stop any wars that did break out.

What’s the Problem with the Ruskies?

In the Soviets mind Capitalism and Communism could NOT co-exist, eventually one would have to take over completely.

They wanted Communism. We did not.

Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d

Even Before WWII:The U.S. did NOT get along w/ Soviet Union.IN FACT: During 1917 Russian Revolution

(when the Bolsheviks were trying to overthrow Tzar Nicholas Romanov II, and establish a communist government.)

*** President Wilson sent troops to fight against the Bolsheviks or (Commies) from taking over.***

Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d

At the start of WWII Russia had signed the Non-Aggression w/ Nazi Germany.Stalin only joined the Allies when he was

double crossed.Therefore, he could not be trusted!

During WWII (YALTA) Stalin disagreed with the U.S. and British over battle plans and post war plans.

AFTER WWII: AFTER WWII: From Soviet PerspectiveFrom Soviet Perspective

What are the four reasons the USSR had What are the four reasons the USSR had for starting the Cold War with the USA?for starting the Cold War with the USA?– 1. USA had not suffered as much as Russia at 1. USA had not suffered as much as Russia at

home during the war.home during the war.– 2. Before the War the US had been in the Great 2. Before the War the US had been in the Great

Depression, At the end of WWII the US had Depression, At the end of WWII the US had become the richest country in the world.become the richest country in the world.

– 3. USA was the only one w/ Atomic bomb.3. USA was the only one w/ Atomic bomb.– 4. We were too nice to Germany and Japan 4. We were too nice to Germany and Japan

after the surrenderafter the surrender

What does all that mean?What does all that mean?

All of these factors added up to the USA being All of these factors added up to the USA being too powerful & therefore could too powerful & therefore could NOTNOT be be trusted.trusted.

Soviets felt they needed to protect Soviets felt they needed to protect themselves.themselves.

What was the Soviet Union’s plan to protect What was the Soviet Union’s plan to protect themselves against capitalism and USA?themselves against capitalism and USA?– Force countries surrounding Russia have a Force countries surrounding Russia have a

communist govt. under Soviet control, so that communist govt. under Soviet control, so that everyone would be loyal to Russia and be everyone would be loyal to Russia and be againstagainst USA + Capitalism.USA + Capitalism.

AFTER WWII:AFTER WWII:From the American From the American

PerspectivePerspective The Soviets were The Soviets were too pushytoo pushy, ,

uncooperativeuncooperative, and , and uncomfortably interested in spreading its power by creating communists governments in as many other countries as possible!

BUT WHAT HAPPENED TO GERMANY?

What did the Western Allies want to do with Germany after WWII?

They wanted to rebuild Germany to stand strong, but controlled at the center of Europe.

Stalin didn’t trust Germans to do as they were told, and he was determined to never let Germany threaten his country again!

Germany was partitioned by the Allies after the war

Austria would also be divided

The city of Berlin was also

partitioned

There was the American

sector

the French sector

the British sector

and the Soviet sector

The divisions of Germany and

the city of Berlin

East and West Germany and East and West

Berlin

UP GOES THE WALL

Germany divided into 2 parts #7 Why was the Berlin Wall built?

Later in 1961 the Berlin Wall was built to stop Germans in East Berlin from Escaping into the Allied controlled West Germany and Ultimately other Western Countries. (USA, Britain, France)

WEST Germany-controlled by Allies EAST Germany-controlled by Russia.

Stalin established a Brutal totalitarian govt.

In the End Americans and In the End Americans and Soviets had Different Soviets had Different GoalsGoals

for the World After WWIIfor the World After WWII What was American’s GOAL What was American’s GOAL

after WWII?after WWII?(1)(1) We wanted to give Democracy We wanted to give Democracy

to the once conquered, now to the once conquered, now “liberated” European nations.“liberated” European nations.

BECAUSE:BECAUSE: Democratic Govt.=Capitalist Democratic Govt.=Capitalist

EconomyEconomy

More Capitalist Countries means More Capitalist Countries means Better Trade Opportunity 4 USA!Better Trade Opportunity 4 USA!

This Means USA will make more $$This Means USA will make more $$$$!$$!

More $$$= More POWER!More $$$= More POWER!

What was Soviet Union’s What was Soviet Union’s GOAL after WWII?GOAL after WWII?

The country was devastated The country was devastated by 17 million people killed in by 17 million people killed in WWII and was looking to:WWII and was looking to:– (1) (1) Rebuild their Rebuild their

country damaged country damaged during the warduring the war

– (2) (2) Protect its wellbeing by Protect its wellbeing by establishing Satellite establishing Satellite NationsNations creating a buffer creating a buffer zone against attacks.zone against attacks.

– (3)(3) Stalin wanted to spread Stalin wanted to spread communism and over throw communism and over throw capitalismcapitalism

Because: If more countries Because: If more countries are communist no one are communist no one will trade with US = USA will trade with US = USA become Poor and LOSES become Poor and LOSES PowerPower

The RED SPREAD: IRON The RED SPREAD: IRON CURTAINCURTAIN

Stalin acted quickly to take control of all Stalin acted quickly to take control of all the Eastern European countries his army the Eastern European countries his army had “liberated” from the Nazis and convert had “liberated” from the Nazis and convert them to communism: them to communism: – AlbaniaAlbania– BulgariaBulgaria– CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia– HungaryHungary– RomaniaRomania– East GermanyEast Germany

The Soviet Union prior to World War II

As the Soviets pushed back

the Nazis, they claimed new territory.

They took part of Finland

They took Estonia

They took Latvia

They took Lithuania

They took part of

Poland for White Russia

They took part of

Romania for the Ukraine

They took part of

Czechoslovakia for White Russia

They took a part of

Germany

The U.S.S.R. expanded their

territory and the number of

republics

Poland would fall under

Soviet influence

Poland would also gain parts of

Germany

Czechoslovakia was last in

Eastern Europe to fall under Soviet

dominance

Hungary would also fall under

Soviet control

Romania would follow

Soviet direction

Bulgaria would also

come into the Soviet sphere

East Germany

would be a satellite

state as well

Soviet Union

PolandEast

Germany

Czechoslovakia

Hungary

Romania

Bulgaria

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe After WWIIAfter WWII

Iron Curtain

What are the Americans going to What are the Americans going to do?do?

PLAN PLAN AA CONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT: :

The USA thought:The USA thought:

1.1. Eastern Europe was already lost to Eastern Europe was already lost to Communism.Communism.

2.2. The only thing to do now was to The only thing to do now was to STOPSTOP other countries from choosing other countries from choosing communist governments.communist governments.

#11 What 3 things is the #11 What 3 things is the Truman Doctrine supposed to Truman Doctrine supposed to do?do?

Truman Doctrine:Truman Doctrine: 1.1. Stop the Soviets from converting Stop the Soviets from converting any any

moremore countries to communism. countries to communism.

2.2. Help Re-build European Countries to Help Re-build European Countries to give them Strong Economies (Marshall give them Strong Economies (Marshall Plan)Plan)

3.3. USA should step up to the plate and USA should step up to the plate and BE a World Leader. BE a World Leader.

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

1. Have European Countries come up with a plan 1. Have European Countries come up with a plan to rebuild their economies.to rebuild their economies.

2. The USA would give these countries the money 2. The USA would give these countries the money if these European nations would have if these European nations would have capitalist or (Free Market Systems)capitalist or (Free Market Systems)

What was the Goal behind the Marshall Plan?What was the Goal behind the Marshall Plan?

-Rebuild war torn European countries and help -Rebuild war torn European countries and help their economies become strong under their economies become strong under capitalist trade with the USAcapitalist trade with the USA

-Everyone is happy, making $ instead of bitter -Everyone is happy, making $ instead of bitter and planning WWIII.and planning WWIII.

How do we MAKE other countries: NOT WANT TO BE COMMUNISTS? The Truman DOCTRINE The Marshall Plan: $13 Billion Dollars of U.S. aid to 16

Western European countries to help them recover and rebuild after the war.

The Point Four Program: Jr. Marshall Plan, proposed by Truman in 1949 it provided $400 million dollars to underdeveloped countries in Asia, Latin America, & Africa to develop industries, communications, and technology.

NATO: In 1949 the U.S. and 11 other countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was an military alliance that agreed to come to the aid of any member nation that was attacked & to develop an International Security Force that would discourage aggression by non-NATO countries.

Things Get Serious in 1949!Things Get Serious in 1949!

FIRST: Sept. 1949 USSR developed FIRST: Sept. 1949 USSR developed their own Atomic Bomb.their own Atomic Bomb.

In Response, the USA built an improved In Response, the USA built an improved version, the Hydrogen Bomb/ or first version, the Hydrogen Bomb/ or first Thermonuclear weapon successfully tested Thermonuclear weapon successfully tested in 1952. in 1952.

Why did the US govt. decide to build a Why did the US govt. decide to build a hydrogen bomb?hydrogen bomb?

– Americans were uncomfortable with Americans were uncomfortable with someone having the power to make them someone having the power to make them the next Nagasaki.the next Nagasaki.

Things could get messy with all these bombs! What was the purpose the of

Federal Civil Defense Administration This agency flooded the nation with posters and

information about what to do to survive nuclear attack.

These plans included plans for building bomb shelters and instructions for holding air raids in schools.

Privately, the experts knew that the information was ridiculous and totally ineffective.