ScienceAtlanticEnvironmentConference2016ConférenceenenvironnementScienceAtlantique2016

UniversitédeMonctonMoncton,NB

Sponsors/CommanditairesTheScienceAtlanticEnvironmentCommitteegratefullyacknowledgesdonationsfromthefollowingsponsors:

LeComitéEnvironnementdeScienceAtlantiqueremercielescommanditairessuivantspourleurappui:

Motdebienvenue/WelcomingRemarksAu nom de la Faculté des sciences del’Université de Moncton, je vous souhaite unechaleureuse bienvenue au sein de notreinstitution pour la Conférence ScienceAtlantique en environnement. Plusieurs unitésacadémiquesdenotreuniversitésontfortementimpliquéesdansledomainedel’environnementet connaissent beaucoup de succès enrecherche. Je suis très confiant quel’organisation de ce colloque saura combler oumême surpasser vos attentes. Enespérantquevotre séjour àMoncton sera agréable, je voussouhaiteuncolloquedesplusprofitables.FrancisLeBlanc,DoyendelaFacultédessciencesUniversitédeMoncton

On behalf of the Faculty of Science of theUniversitédeMoncton, Iwishyouawarmwelcome toour institution for theScienceAtlantic Environment Conference. Severalacademic units of our university arestronglyinvolvedintheenvironmentalfieldand have obtained great success inresearch. I am very confident that theorganisationofthisconferencewillmeetorexceedyourexpectations.HopingthatyourstayinMonctonwillbejoyful,Iwishyouamostfruitfulconference.FrancisLeBlanc,Dean,FacultyofScienceUniversitédeMoncton

Motdebienvenue/WelcomingRemarksIl ne se passe pas une journée sans que lesquestions environnementales ne fassent lamanchette des journaux. Pourtant, noussommes un groupe relativement petit dechercheurs qui tentons de mieux comprendrecomment la nature et l'être humaininteragissent.Peut-êtrequelanécessitédefaireappel à des champs de connaissances aussiépars que la sociologie, l'écologie, l'économiedemandedescapacitésd'intégrationquinesontpas encore très répandues, que ce soit sur leplandelapenséeouceluidesinfrastructuresderecherche. Grâce, entre autres, à sonprogramme de Maîtrise en études del'environnement, de ses programmes debiologie, chimie et géographie, de sonbaccalauréat en Développement durable etzone côtière (campus de Shippagan) et sonÉcole de foresterie (campus d'Edmundston),l'UniversitédeMonctonjoueunrôle importantdans la formation d'une penséeinterdisciplinaire.Noussommesfiersd'accueillirla Conférence en environnement de ScienceAtlantiquependantlaquellelesétudiantesetlesétudiants feront part de leurs plus récentstravaux en environnement et contribueront àleur tour au rayonnement d'une penséeinterdisciplinaire à la grandeur du CanadaAtlantique.Bienvenue!AlainPatoineetCélineSuretteCo-présidentsdelaSAEC2016UniversitédeMoncton

Not one day passes by without theenvironmentmakingtheheadlines.Yet,weare a relatively small groupof researchersworking in the field of the environment,seeking to better understand how Humanand Nature interact. Maybe it is becausewe rely on fields of knowledge scatteredacrossmanydifferentacademicdisciplines,and have yet to pioneer new ways ofintegratingthem,beitatthelevelofourwaysofthinkingoratthelevelofresearchinfrastructures.TheUniversitédeMonctonplaysanimportantroleinfurtheringsuchintegrative thinking thanks to itsEnvironmental Studies Masters Program,its programs in biology, chemistry andgeography, its Bachelors of SustainableDevelopment and Coastal Zones(Shippagan Campus) and its School ofForestry(EdmundstonCampus).Itisproudto host the Environment Conference andthe many student-researchers who willshare their most recent findings and, bydoing so, bring further the possibilities ofintegrative thinking in the Atlanticprovincesandbeyond.Welcome!AlainPatoineetCélineSuretteCo-présidentsdelaSAEC2016UniversitédeMoncton

NotesonourKeynoteSpeakersInformationssurlesconférenciersinvités

StevenGuilbeault–Directeurprincipaletcofondateurd’Équiterre/CofounderandseniordirectorMembre fondateur et directeur principal d’Équiterre, StevenGuilbeault s’intéresse aux questions environnementales etparticulièrement au dossier des changements climatiques depuisledébutdesannées90.Aucoursdesvingtdernièresannées, il atravaillé dix ans chez Greenpeace Canada et Greenpeace

international,aétéconsultantseniorpourDeloitteetToucheetaétéchroniqueurpourdenombreuxmédias,dontlejournalMétro,Radio-Canada,LaPresseetlemagazineCorporateKnights.Ilaégalementco-présidéleRéseauActionClimatinternationalpendantcinqans.Enfin, en 2009, il a fait paraître un premier livre : Alerte! Le Québec à l’heure deschangementsclimatiques,portantsursonexpériencedesnégociationsinternationalessurleclimat.Lamêmeannée,MonsieurGuilbeaultaéténommémembreduprestigieuxCercledes Phénix de l’environnement du Québec, en plus d’être identifié comme l’un des 50acteurs mondiaux du développement durable par le magazine français Le Monde.Également,ilestmembrehonorairedelaSociétégéographiqueroyaleduCanada.En2012,l’Université de Montréal lui a remis la Médaille de l’Université pour son parcoursprofessionnel, une distinction rare accordée notamment à Christopher Reeves et OliverJones. Son deuxième livre, Le prochain virage, écrit avec François Tanguay, est paru en2014.

--EquiterrecofounderandseniordirectorStevenGuilbeaultisanenvironmentalistwhohasfocused on climate change since the early ‘90s. He worked for Greenpeace Canada andGreenpeaceInternationalfortenyears,wassenioradvisorforDeloitteandTouche,andhascontributed to suchmediaoutlets as theMétronewspaper,Radio-Canada,LaPresseandCorporate Knights Magazine. Throughout his career, Steven, who co-chaired ClimateActionNetworkInternationalforfiveyears,hasattendedmanyUNclimatemeetings–anexperiencethat in2009servedasthetopic forhis firstbook,Alerte!LeQuébecà l'heuredeschangementsclimatiques.Heisamember(since2009)ofQuebec'sCercledesPhénix,anhonorarysociety forenvironmentalists,andanhonorary fellowof theRoyalCanadianGeographicalSociety.FrenchnewspaperLeMondehascalledhimoneoftheworld'stop50players insustainabledevelopment. In2012, theUniversitédeMontréalawardedhimitsmedalforlifetimeachievement,adistinctionsharedbythelikesofChristopherReeveandOliver Jones. In 2014, he published his second book, Le prochain virage,with co-authorFrançoisTanguay.

NotesonourKeynoteSpeakersInformationssurlesconférenciersinvités

NicolasLecomte-ChairederechercheduCanadaenécologiepolaireetboréale/CanadaResearchChairinPolarandBorealEcology,UniversitédeMonctonNicolas Lecomte est professeur agrégé à l’Université deMonctonetprofesseurassociéàl’UQAR.IldétientuneChairederecherche du Canada en écologie polaire et boréale et est

membrerégulierduCentredelasciencedelabiodiversitéduQuébecetduCentred’ÉtudesNordiques. Lecomte a résidé en Arctique pendant 7 ans et fait de la recherche arctiquedepuis2002.IlgèreleprojetIMPACTArctique(ArcticIntegrativeMonitoringofPredatorsinAChangingTundra),quiconsisteendesrecherchesécologiquesdansl’ArctiquecanadienetduGroenlandainsiqu’audéveloppementdesuiviautomatiséde laphénologieanimalede l’Arctique.Il a fait son baccalauréat en biologie à l’Université Pierre & Marie CurieàParis. Il détient une MSc en gestion de la faune de l’UQARet un PhD en biologie del’Université Laval. Il a été stagiaire post-doctoral de Norwegian Research Council et duCRSNG. Il a été biologiste pour les instituts polaires français et norvégien et pour legouvernementduNunavutpendant5ans.NicolasLecomteisassociateprofessorattheUniversitédeMonctonandadjunctprofessorat UQAR. He holds the Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology and is a fullmemberoftheQuébecCenterforBiodiversityScienceandtheCentred’ÉtudesNordiques.LecomtehasbeenanArcticresidentfor7yearsanddoesArcticresearchsince2002.HeisrunningtheArcticIMPACTproject(ArcticIntegrativeMonitoringofPredatorsinAChangingTundra),whichinvolvesecologicalinvestigationsintheCanadianArcticandGreenlandandthe development of automatedmonitoring of animal phenology in the Arctic.Hewas anundergraduate in biology at Pierre & Marie CurieUniversityin Paris. He holds a MScinwildlifemanagement at UQARand a Phd in Biology at Laval University. He was apostdoctoralfellow ofNorwegianResearch Council and ofNSERC. He has beenbiologistfor the French and Norwegian Polar Institutes and for the GovernmentforNunavut forabout5years.

Detailledprogramme/ProgrammedétailléVendredi18mars/FridayMarch18(StudentCenter/Centreétudiant)17h-20h/5-8pm Inscriptions/registration

Centreétudiant(prèsduCoude)/StudentCenter(nearLeCoude)18h/6pm Réceptiondebienvenue/Welcomereception

LeCoude-Centreétudiant/StudentCenterLightsnacksanddrinkswillbeserved/Desbouchéesetrafraichissementsserontservis

Samedi19mars/SaturdayMarch19(PavillonRémi-RossignolBuilding)8h-12h Inscriptions/registration(Rotonde/Rotunda)8h-9h Posterset-up/Installationdesaffiches(Rotonde/Rotunda)8h30 Motdebienvenue/Welcome(A-102) FrancisLeBlanc,Doyen/Dean,FacultédesSciences AlainPatoineetCélineSurette,co-présidents/co-chair,SAEC20169h-10h15 Présentationsétudiantes/Studentpresentations(Sessions1A-1B) Session1A(A-102)9h HowdoessolarradiationaffectmercuryretentionandlossinKejimikujikNational

Park?ThoraChristensen,AcadiaUniversity

9h15 DissolvedorganicmattercontrolsmercuryphotoreactionsinfreshwaterlakesSaraKlapstein,MemorialUniversity

9h30 Usingcladoceranstoassesspost20thcenturyecosystemchangesinNewBrunswicklakesMargauxDaly,MountAllisonUniversity

9h45 ModélisationdelaproductivitéprimairedanslesestuairesdelaPéninsuleacadienneetinfluencedel'usageduterritoireetdelamétéoSaerFall,UniversitédeMoncton

10h Commentlesinteractionsprédateur-proiepeuventmodulerleseffetsclimatiquescontrôlantlesuccèsreproducteurdesproies:casdelagrandeoiedesneigesClaire-CécileJuhasz,UniversitédeMoncton

Session1B(D-102)9h Investigationofeffluentwaterqualityandtreatmentoptionsforacarrotprocessing

facilitySonyaArdley,AcadiaUniversity

9h15 PrecipitationinWesternNewfoundland:δ18Oandδ2HanalysisBrittanyMarche,GrenfellCampus,MemorialUniversity

9h30 Nouvelleméthoded’analyseduradiumultra-traceparICP-MSdansleseauxnaturellesFrançoisLagacé,UniversitédeMoncton

9h45 SpatialvariabilityofaquaticecosystemsinagroundwaterdominatedwatershedAllisonDickhout,UniversityofNewBrunswick

10h BridgingthegapbetweentheMaritimesandtherestoftheworldtobettermanagespeciesofconservationconcernunderglobalpressuresMarie-AndréeGiroux,UniversitédeMoncton

10h15-10h45 Pause/Break (Rotonde/Rotunda)10h45–12hPrésentationsétudiantes/Studentpresentations(Sessions2A-2B)Session2A(A-102)10h45DoesFertilizationofArcticTundraAffectEvapotranspiration?

RhianaDixon,St.FrancisXavierUniversity11h Long-termnutrientfertilizationdecreasesCO2lossinArctictundra

LauraGraham,St.FrancisXavierUniversity11h15Long-termimpactsoffireonpermafrostvulnerabilityandClossinSiberianlarch

forestsJocelynEgan,DalhousieUniversity

11h30Macromolecularcompositionofarcticphytoplanktonstrainmicromonasspp.2099

inresponsetooptimalandstressedtemperaturesAneriGarg,MountAllisonUniversity

11h45Importanceofexchangesbetweenecosystemsinthefunctioningoffoodwebs:

meta-analyticandexperimentalapproachesLaurentMontagano,UniversitédeMoncton

Session2B(D-102)10h45DendrochronologyofwoodfromtheruinsofaNewBrunswickwharf

NicSunderland-Baker,MountAllisonUniversity11h LakeFletcherphosphorusloadingmodel

PaigeMarvel,DalhousieUniversity11h15Utilizationofplantgrowth-promotersinArundodonaxL.(NileFiber™)

EmilyPeters,SaintMary'sUniversity

11h30MeasuringCO2fluxthroughasnowpackusinganautomatedsamplingmethod,CapeBretonHighlands,NSChristinaMinions,St.FrancisXavierUniversity

11h45AquistorecarboncaptureandstorageintegrityassessmentLynsaySpafford,St.FrancisXavierUniversity

12h-13h45 Lunch+postersessiond’affiches/Postersession(Rotonde/Rotunda)Theeffectsofafricanelephant(loxodontaafricana)activityonbrowsing,grazing,andmix-feedingherbivorousafricanmammalpopulationsinaprivateSouthAfricangamereserveAshleyGreening,UniversityofPrinceEdwardIslandAnAssessmentofEnvironmentalChangesinWolfeLake,FundyNationalPark,UsingZooplanktonAssemblagesPaulMacKeigan,MountAllisonUniversityWaterqualityanalysiswithintheKennebecasiswatershedJillMcCurdy,UniversityofNewBrunswick,FrederictonUsingotolithstoevaluategrowthinslimysculpinTeganSmith,UniversityofNewBrunswick,FrederictonDoestheadditionofbiochartonitrogen-enrichedsoilsaltergreenhousegasemissionsandtheleachingofnutrients?SamanthaStachiw,St.FrancisXavierUniversityVoluntarystewardshipandtheCanadianspeciesatriskactonPrinceEdwardIslandEmilyWarren,UniversityofPrinceEdwardIslandAnanalysisofatmosphericgasconcentrationsandtheimplicationsofproximalabandonedoilandgasinfrastructureattheStoneyCreekoilfield,NewBrunswickJamesWilliams,St.FrancisXavierUniversity

13h45-15h Table-ronde/Panel(R-221)Actionsenvironnementalespourunavenirmeilleur/Environmentalactionsforabetterworld(R-221)Modératrice/Moderator:AmandaHaché,SustainabilitySherpa–ConsciousBrandsPanélistes/Panelists:

• JocelyneGauvin,GroupededéveloppementdurableduPaysdeCocagne• Marie-PierrePoirier,RéseauenvironnementalduNouveau-Brunswick/New

BrunswickEnvironmentalNetwork• PatrickThibeault,AnimateurdeAgrofolieetRédacteurenchefdumagazineBouffe/

TVhost-AgrofolieandChiefeditorofBouffemagazinePanelinFrenchwithsimultaneoustranslationavailable15h-15h30 Pause/Break (Rotonde/Rotunda)15h30-16h30 Conférencierinvité/Keynoteaddress(R-221)Leschangementsclimatiques:enjeuxetsolutions/Climatechange:IssuesandsolutionsStevenGuilbeault–ÉquiterreConferenceinFrenchwithsimultaneoustranslationavailable 18h30 Banquetat/auTide&BoarGastropub (700rueMainSt)Dimanche20mars/SundayMarch20(PavillonRémi-RossignolBuilding)9h-10h15 Présentationsétudiantes/Studentpresentations(Sessions3A-3B)Sessions3A(A-102)9h Anexaminationof4thand5thgradechildren’sconceptualizationof

neighbourhoodsinHalifax,NovaScotiaAdreanOjoleck,DalhousieUniversity

9h15 Increasedenvironmentalheterogeneityaffectssubstrateconditionsandalters

seedlingdynamicsongreenroofsEmilyWalker,SaintMary'sUniversity

9h30 LaLoisurlesespècesenpérilduCanada:uneapprocheneutrebaséesurla

conservationdesespèces?UneanalysejuridiquecomparativeMarylineBédard,UniversitédeMoncton

9h45 Exploringtheinfluenceofnatureexposureonrisk-baseddecision-making

RachelShin,DalhousieUniversity

Session3B(D-102)9h Thehabitatcharacteristicsassociatedwithredroot(lachnanthescarolianiana)in

SouthwesternNovaScotiaAmandaRing,DalhousieUniversity

9h15 Predictingsongbirdnestpredationfromseedlingdensity:sugarmaplemastingasa

resourcepulseinaforestfoodwebMarie-LineFiola,UniversitédeMoncton

9h30 Impactofanecosystemengineeronthebiodiversityofforestecosystems

LindsayGauvin,UniversitédeMoncton9h45 Anassessmentofastream-basedmethanemonitoringtechnique

MartinBoissonnault,UniversityofNewBrunswick10h15-10h45 Pause/Break (Rotonde/Rotunda)10h45-12h ConférencierinvitésuividelaRemisedesprix/Keynoteaddress

followedbyAwardsceremony(R-221)

ClimatechangesintheArctic/Changementsclimatiquesdansl’ArctiqueNicolasLecomte,ChairederechercheduCanadaenécologiepolaireetboréale/CanadaResearchChairinPolarandBorealEcology,UniversitédeMonctonRemisedesprixetmotdelafin/AwardsandclosingremarksLiseM.Dubois,Doyenneetvice-rectriceadjointeàlarecherche/DeanandAssistantVice-Presidenttoresearchandgraduatestudies

Abstracts/Résumés

Oralpresentation–Présentationorales

Abstracts listed in presentation order/ Les résumés sont listés en ordre de présentation. Session1A(A-102)9h HowdoessolarradiationaffectmercuryretentionandlossinKejimikujikNational

Park?Thora Christensen* (Acadia University), Erin Mann, Sara Klapstein, and NelsonO’DriscollMercury (Hg) is a global contaminant,which canundergo long-range transport inthe atmosphere and be deposited in many remote environments. The methylmercuryformcanaccumulateinfoodwebsandresultinsevereadverseeffectsonorganisms.Thehypothesisofthisresearchprojectwasthattheamountofmercuryavailableforreactionwithsolarradiation(reductionofdivalentmercury(Hg(II))togaseous Hg(0)) in surface waters of four Kejimikujik National Park lakes willsignificantly change over a summer. This research is significant because thephotoreduction of Hg(II) is a mechanism of mercury loss from ecosystems.Therefore less mercury may be available for methylation and ultimatelybiomagnificationinfoodwebs.Samplingofthefourlakes:BigDamWest,BigDamEast,NorthCranberry,andPuzzleLakeoccurredinMay,June,andJuly,2015.Watersample analysis for totalmercury, total reduciblemercury, and dissolved organiccarbon was conducted in the CARE labs at Acadia University’s K.C. IrvingEnvironmentalScienceCenter.TheamountofreducibleHg(II)wasfoundtochangesignificantlyin3ofthelakeswithsamplingmonth.Factorscontrollingthisvariationincludedissolvedorganiccarbonconcentrationandlaketopography.Thisresearchprovides the first quantitative measurements of photoreducible mercury over aseasoninsurfacefreshwaterlakes.

9h15 DissolvedorganicmattercontrolsmercuryphotoreactionsinfreshwaterlakesSaraKlapstein*(MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland),SusanZiegler,DavidRisk(St.FrancisXavierUniversity),NelsonO’Driscoll(AcadiaUniversity)Methylmercury (MeHg) contamination through bioaccumulation andbiomagnification is an issue inmany remote ecosystems far fromdirect pollutionsources. Quantifying why and how some ecosystems are more sensitive tocontamination following atmospheric mercury deposition is key to mercury fatemodeling.Whilethemechanismofmercurymethylationisknowntobedominatedby bacterial pathyways, the demethylation of MeHg is less understood.Photodemethylation is thought to be one of the main processes through whichMeHg can be converted into a less biologically toxic form of mercury. Previousstudieshighlighttheimportanceofphotodemethylationtomercurybudgets,yetfewhave examined the magnitude and variability of photodemethylation rates as afunction of associated dissolved organic matter (DOM). A temporal comparison

studybetween summer and fallwas conductedusing lakewater collected from6lakes inKejimkujikNationalPark,NovaScotia,Canada.Sample lakeswerechosenbasedonaknownrangeofDOMconcentration.Lakewaterswere filtered to0.45μm and placed in closed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bottles with >50%headspace,spikedwith3ng/LMeHgOH,andexposedto0,1,2,3,5,and7daysofnatural solar radiation in each experimental season. Lakes with higher DOMconcentrationshadsignificantlylowerratesofphotodemethylationthanlakeswithlower DOM concentration (p<0.001). Climate change in temperate and borealregionsofAtlanticCanadaisprojectedtoincreaserainfallamountsandoccurrencesand thus lead to browning of freshwaters and further inhibition to thephotodemethylationpathwayofMeHgreduction.

9h30 Usingcladoceranstoassesspost20thcenturyecosystemchangesinNewBrunswick

lakesMargauxDaly*(MountAllisonUniversity),JoshuaKurek.The absence of systematic monitoring data of New Brunswick’s lakes presentsproblems when assessing how lakes respond to environmental change. Recentoccurrencesoflatesummeralgalbloomsinregionallakessuggestadeteriorationofwater quality. To determine the cause and effects of environmental changes, wemust recognize background conditions of the lake systems and their ecologicaltrajectorythroughtime.Paleolimnologyisusefultouncoverecologicalinformationpreservedinthesedimentoflakebasins.Wecompleteddetaileddowncoreanalysesof dated sediment cores from three lake basins (two reference lakes and oneimpacted lake) in northwestern New Brunswick. Decadal averaged summer airtemperatures in the region have increased notably since ~1970. Cladoceranrichness(rarefied)decreasedsubstantiallymoreattheimpactedsitethanreferencesites. Average cladoceran body size is decreasing at all sites, largely driven byincreasedabundancesofthesmall-bodiedspeciesBosminalongirostris.Preliminaryanalyses suggest that the timing of lake shifts coincides with climatic warming,althoughsite-specificdifferencesexistthatmaybeexplainedbyotherfactors.

9h45 Modélisation de la productivité primaire dans les estuaires de la Péninsuleacadienneetinfluencedel'usageduterritoireetdelamétéoSaerFall*,AlainPatoine,CélineSurette(UniversitédeMoncton)LesestuairesfigurentparmilesécosystèmeslesplusproductifssurTerre,maisleurproductivité varie selon des facteurs climatiques et territoriaux d’une manièreencore mal définie. Aux États-Unis, pour certains estuaires productifs, laproductivité primaire a été estimée à partir de la biomasse des alguesplanctoniques,del’intensitélumineuseetducoefficientd’absorptiondelalumièrepar l’eau. Ici, nous analysons la productivité primaire de quatre estuairesoligotrophes (peu productifs) du nord-est Nouveau-Brunswick échantillonnés àl’amont (eaux douces) et à l’aval (eaux salées), au printemps et à l’été sur unepériodedequatreans(2010-2013)pourcerner les facteursdevariabilité lesplusimportants.Lesrésultats indiquentque laproductivitéprimairebrute(mgC/m².j)est plus fortement corrélée à la biomasse algale qu’à l’intensité lumineuse ou aucoefficientd’absorption.Deplus,laproductivitéprimairebrutevariesurtoutentre

les 4 bassins versants ou entre saisons plutôt qu’entre les années ou entre lespositions amont-aval. Ceci suggère que les estuaires du Nouveau-Brunswick secomportentaujourd’huicommecertainsestuairesdesÉtats-Unisilya30ans,avantque ceux-cine soientperturbés par laprésenced’espèces invasivesetpardiverscontaminants. Sur ce, cette étude va aviser la population sur l'importance desestuairesetlaréductiondespesticidesetdesproduitsrichesennutriments.

10h Commentles interactions prédateur-proie peuvent moduler les effets climatiquescontrôlantlesuccèsreproducteurdesproies:casdelagrandeoiedesneigesClaire-Cécile Juhasz*, Nicolas Lecomte (Université de Moncton), Gilles Gauthier(UniversitéLaval)Leschangementsclimatiquespeuventmodifierlefonctionnementdesécosystèmesen définissant de nouvelles dynamiques d’exploitation des ressources pour lesprédateursetleursproies.L’augmentationdesprécipitationsestivalesdepuisdeuxdécennies à travers le Haut-Arctique pourrait ainsi expliquer demeilleurs succèsreproducteurschez lesGrandesOiesdesNeigesqui,paruneaccessibilitéaccrueàdespointsd’eau,améliorentleurcapacitédedéfensedunidcontrelesprédateurs.Uneaugmentationde la températureestivalependantcesmêmesannéespourraitégalement faciliter l’accès à la nourriture pour les oies durant leur effortd’incubation. Ce contexte est partie intégrante d’un nouveau projet de doctoratvisant à quantifier les effets des précipitations, de la température et de laproductivitéprimairesur le succès reproducteurdesoies sur l’îleBylot (Nunavut,Canada).Unedesapprochesduprojetseradesupplémentereneauetennourrituredes femelles incubatrices dont la condition corporelle et le succès reproducteurseront suivis. Des observations comportementales quantifieront l’accessibilité auxressourcespendantl’incubationetlapressiondeprédation.Combinéàdesdonnéesà long-terme et de lamodélisation, ce projet établira un cadre de compréhensiondeseffetsduclimatsurlesinteractionsprédateur-proiedesespècesenArctique.

Session1B(D-102)9h Investigationofeffluentwaterqualityandtreatmentoptionsforacarrotprocessing

facilitySonyaArdley*(AcadiaUniversity),JennieRandThepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffluentqualityofafoodprocessingplant in ruralNovaScotia,whichprimarilyprocesses frozen carrot andblueberryproductsbetweenAugustandNovember.Wastewaterfromproductionwasdirectlydischargedintoanadjacentsaltwaterbasinandhadhistoricallymettheoperatingguidelines established by Nova Scotia Environment. However, during the 2014processing season, Environment Canada conducted an acute lethality fish test toassessthequalityofthefinaleffluentdischargeddirectlyfromthepipeoutlet.Thetestfailed,whichleadtoanenvironmentaldirectiontotreattheeffluentinordertopassanadditional testoneyear later.Adatareviewandcomprehensivesamplingprogramwasestablished toprofile theplantprocessingwaterquality, inorder todetermine thecause for the failed fish testandexplorepossible solutions.Resultsindicated that itwasprimarily thehighbiochemicaloxygendemand (BOD)which

wasresponsiblefordepletingdissolvedoxygen,andsuffocatingthefishduringtheacute lethality test. Certain processes in the plant were identified as being highcontributorstoorganicloadsintheeffluent.Additionally,theresultsofthesamplingprogramindicatedthatthecurrentwastewatertreatmentattheHillatonplantwasinsufficient, which initiated bench-scale wastewater treatment experimentationusing activated sludge and coagulation/flocculation methods. The most effectivetreatment option for the Hillaton plant proved to be activated sludge because itresultedinthegreatestBODreduction.

9h15 PrecipitationinWesternNewfoundland:δ18Oandδ2Hanalysis

BrittanyMarche* (GrenfellCampusMemorialUniversityofNewfoundland),HarunurRashidThemeasurementofstablewater isotopes(i.e.,δ18Oandδ2H) inprecipitation isapowerful tool for detecting changes in climate patterns, as well as in assessinggroundwater movement and studying hydrological budget. In this study, dailyprecipitation was collected and δ18O and δ2H were analyzed in Corner Brook,NewfoundlandandLabrador,for2015.Morethan130sampleswereanalyzedusinga state-of-the-art cavity ring-down mass-spectrometer, the Picarro Liquid WaterIsotope Analyzer L2130-i, with insignificant instrumental error. The data suggestseasonalvariationsinwhichtheδ18Ovariesfrom-33.372to-0.033‰(±0.023‰)andδ2Hranges from-253.375 to15.103‰(±0.148‰).Ourdataarecomparedwith modern meteorological data as well as published δ18O and δ2H data fromgreater Atlantic Canada, which suggest that the atmospheric circulation patterns,spatial features, and other climate factors are distinct in Corner Brook. It isnoteworthythattheδ18Oandδ2HarethefirstdatafromwesternNewfoundlandandifmeasurementofδ18Oandδ2Hinprecipitationinthisareacouldbecontinued, itcould indicate the impact of regional climate change in the fractionation of liquidwater isotopes. Furthermore, these data could be used to model hydrologicalprocesses.

9h30 Nouvelle méthode d’analyse du radium ultra-trace par ICP-MS dans les eauxnaturellesFrançoisLagacé*,CélineSurette,OlivierClarisse(UniversitédeMoncton)Leradium,unradionucléideassociéàlachaînededésintégrationdel’uranium,estun élément naturellement présent dans le sous-sol terrestre. L’exploration etl’exploitation des ressources naturelles sont susceptibles de le mobiliser etd’entraîner sa migration vers les systèmes aquatiques de surface et ainsi de lescontaminer.Pourjugerdel’impactdecesindustriessurnotreenvironnement,nousproposonsderéaliserunsuividececontaminantdanslesaquifèresàproximitédessitesd’exploitationminièreetpétrolifèreduNouveau-Brunswicketd’évaluerainsilapertinencedecetindicateurd’impactdesactivitésanthropiques.Pourcefaire,ilestessentieldansunpremiertempsd’optimiseretdevaliderunenouvelleméthoded’analyseduradiumàl’étatd’ultra-traceparspectrométriedemassecoupléeàunplasmainductif(ICP-MS).Celle-ciconsisteenlapréconcentrationduradiumsurdesrésineséchangeusesd’ions(AG50W-X8etSr-resin)etensaquantificationparICP-MS. L’efficacité de la séparation sur colonnes du radiumdes ions potentiellement

interférents (Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+) a été vérifiée pour des volumes d’échantillonvariant de 10 à 100 mL d’une eau douce synthétique. Le recouvrement total duradiumlorsd’expériencesd’ajoutsdoséssur3eauxnaturelles(2eauxsouterraineset1eauderivière)à4différentsniveaux(0;0,5;1et5pg/L)apermisdevalidernotre méthode dont la limite de détection est estimée à 0,02 pg/L. Ces résultatsdémontrentnotrecapacitéàanalyserleradiumàl’étatd’ultra-traceetpermettrontd’explorer l’impactde l’exploitationdes ressourcesnaturelles sur les aquifèresdesurface.

9h45 SpatialvariabilityofaquaticecosystemsinagroundwaterdominatedwatershedAllisonDickhout*,MichelleGray,AllenCurry(UniversityofNewBrunswick)Groundwater inputs in river systems supply cool stable flows to the channelcreating patchiness in water temperatures across the watershed. Differences intemperature regimesmay increase spatial variability of aquatic communities andfishhealth. This researchexamines theupperKennebecasisRiver,NB,whichhashigh levelsofgroundwater inputs, and flows throughanareawithpotential tobedeveloped by hydraulic fracturing. In order to detect changes to the aquaticecosystem due to future development activities, the current surface waterconditions within the watershed were characterized. Fish community data wascollectedalongwithasuiteofenvironmentalvariablesacrossarangeofsiteswithintheupperKennebecasiswatershed.Formoredetailedstudy,asmall-bodiedfish,theSlimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus), was used to explore the relationship betweentemperature regimesandrelativeorgansizeandcondition. If groundwater inputsaffect these fish communities, it was predicted that temperaturewould explain alarge portion of the variability of the community structure and composition.Differencesintherelativesizeofsculpinliverandgonadsaswellasconditionwerealso expected between sites with high and low levels of groundwater inputs astemperatureplaysalargeroleinregulatingfishgrowth.

10h BridgingthegapbetweentheMaritimesandtherestoftheworldtobettermanage

speciesofconservationconcernunderglobalpressuresMarie-AndréeGiroux*,NicolasLecomte(UniversitédeMoncton),JoëlBêty,DominiqueBerteaux, Gilles Gauthier (Université Laval), Dominique Gravel (Université deSherbrooke)Ecosystemsareconnectedtoeachotheratlocaltoglobalscales.Oneofthecurrentchallengesfacingscientistsistodeterminehowglobalperturbationssuchasclimatewarmingaffectspeciesofconservationconcern inaconnectedworld,butaworldwhose connections between ecosystems are also being modified. Examples ofmodifications in large-scale connections between southern and northernecosystems are demographic explosions of migrating populations such as snowgeese. These demographic explosions could impact species of conservation thatbreedsinthesamenorthernecosystemssuchasshorebirdsmigratingthroughtheBayofFundy.Althoughthe impactsofclimatewarmingandofconnectionsonthefunctioning of ecosystems are intensively monitored, we still lack a modellingframework to predict how these concurrent pressures will affect species ofconservation concern.We developed theoreticalmodels that generate predictions

aboutthestrengthofpredator-preyinteractionsandthefateofsomepopulationsofconservationconcern inawarmingandconnectedArctic.Our firstmodel showedthatthestrengthoftop-downforcesrelativetobottom-upforcesincreaseswiththelevel of connection between ecosystems and decreases with increasingtemperatures.Oursecondmodelshowedthattheeffectofpredator(arcticfoxes)onpreyofconservationconcern(shorebirds)generallyincreaseswithclimate-inducedcollapse in cycles of the preferred prey (lemmings), but only when a migratingspeciessupportedbyagriculturalactivities intemperateecosystems(snowgoose)is available for the arctic predator. Our results illustrate how bridging the gapbetweenmonitoringandmodelingapproacheswillcontributetobetterpredictthefateofspeciesofconservationconcerninawarmingandconnectedworld.

Session2A(A-102)10h45DoesFertilizationofArcticTundraAffectEvapotranspiration?

RhianaDixon*,LauraGraham,DaveRisk(St.FrancisXavierUniversity)Evapotranspiration (ET) is the process that describes water loss by plants theecosystemthroughbothevaporationandtranspiration.ETratesarelikelytochangein vulnerable tundra communities owing to the effects of permafrost thaw, underincreasing global temperatures. Thawing permafrost can also influence newvegetation growth throughout the Arctic tundra through mineralization of soilorganic matter, which elicits a mild fertilization effect. With more nutrientavailability, plantswill have a higher growth rate and, therefore, are expected toshow increase ET rates. In this study, water loss of tundra ecosystems plantsthrough ET was investigated under various levels of fertilization and lightintensities at a Long-Term Arctic Ecological Research project located in Toolik,Alaska.Watervapormeasurementsweremadewitha70x70x30cmstaticchambercoupled toaLI-840Achambersgasanalyzer, in threereplicateblocksof fertilizedtreatments, where eight different fertilization levels mimicked potential nutrientloss from thawing permafrost. Measurements were also conducted at five lightintensities,fromtransparent(fullsun)toentirelyopaque(fullcover).Weobservedavariableresponseacrossfertilizationtreatments;mostshowingpositiveETwhilesome other treatments showed very limited ET. Under a changing climate,alterations in tundra ET rates will affect the long-termmoisture regime of thesenorthernsystems.

11h Long-termnutrientfertilizationdecreasesCO2lossinArctictundra

Laura Graham* (St. Francis Xavier University), Sue Natali (Woods Hole ResearchInstitute),EdRastetter,GusShaver(EcosystemCenter,MarineBiologicalLaboratory),Dave Risk (St. Francis Xavier University), Mike Loranty (Colgate University), JulieJastrow(ArgonneNationalLaboratory)AsanthropogenicclimatechangewarmstheArctic,widespreadpermafrostthawisoccurring.Howdoestheincreasedbioavailabilityofnutrientslikenitrogen(N)andphosphorus (P) in soil due topermafrost thawaffect thenet ecosystemexchange(NEE)ofArcticecosystems?Thereisapotentialforthesenutrientstocontributetocomplicated biogeochemical cycles. This study aims to understand the effects ofnutrientadditiononarcticcarbondioxide(CO2)exchangeinatundraecosystemat

Toolik Lake, Alaska. The nutrient addition experiment began in 2006, and iscomprisedofsevendifferenttreatmentswithvaryingtypesandamounts(upto10gm-2)ofNandP fertilizers,allwitha2:1ratioofNtoPandonecontrolplot.Plot-levelCO2exchangewasmeasuredat2lightlevels7timesoverafour-weekperiod(summer 2015). We measured ecosystem exchange using a plexiglass chamberconnectedtoaninfraredgasanalyzer(LI-820).WeanalyzedsoilsamplesforCandN content. After 10 years, fertilization has altered ecosystem C cycling. Soilrespirationwas greatest in the highest fertilization treatment (2.34 μmolm-2 s-1),increasing linearlyatarateof0.109μmolm-2s-1pergm-2ofN(R2=0.94).NEEwasgreatestunderhighestfertilization(-1.63μmolm-2s-1),decreasinglinearlyatarateof -0.056μmolm-2 s-1pergm-2ofN (R2=0.73).These results suggest that asnutrients become more available under a warmer climate, plant productivityincreases may offset respiratory losses, complicating the changing Arctic carboncycle.

11h15Long-term impactsof fireonpermafrostvulnerabilityandC loss inSiberian larch

forestsJocelyn Egan* (Dalhousie University), Susan Natali (Woods Hole Research Center),Heather Alexander (Mississippi State University),Mike Loranty (Colgate University),DavidRisk(St.FrancisXavierUniversity),SethSpawn(WoodsHoleResearchCenter)In Boreal forests, which contain large stocks of terrestrial carbon (C), fires havebeen increasing and are expected to continue to do so as the climate becomeswarmer and dryer. Here we studied the indirect, long-term effects of fire onecosystemCcyclingviachangesinstanddensity,organic layerandthawdepth, inSiberian larch (Larix cajanderi) forests, underlain by continuous permafrost, nearChersky,Russia.Understorynetecosystemexchange(NEE),ecosystemrespiration(Reco) and thaw depthweremeasured for 3 growing seasons from density plots(relatedtofireseverity)foundwithina75-yrburnscarandfromexperimentalburnplots. In 2015,Recowaspartitioned, using a dual-isotope approach, to determinehow fire severity alters the contribution of old, permafrost C, to respiration. Weexpectthatdifferencesinthawdepth,vegetationandorganiclayerrelatedtostanddensity,will impact thecontributionofoldCsources toReco. In theexperimentalburn plots, the severity of the burn and thaw depth were positively correlated.Followingthefiresin2012,higherintensityburnsdecreasedReco,but3yearslater,Reco was similar across burn treatments. In the 75-yr burn, stand densitysignificantlyimpactedboththawdepthandunderstoryCO2exchange,wherehigherdensity stands, had lower thaw depths, higher understory NEE, and C loss fromyoungCsourcesthathaveassimilatedsincethefire.

11h30Macromolecular compositionof arcticphytoplanktonstrainmicromonas spp.2099

inresponsetooptimalandstressedtemperaturesAneriGarg*,JustinLiefer,InaBenner,ZoeFinkel(MountAllisonUniversity)Phytoplanktonaresingle-celled,photosynthesizingorganismsthatcontribute45%oftheworld'sprimaryproduction,oxygenproduction,andplayamajorroleinthebiogeochemical cycling of elements. Micromonas spp.2099 is an ecologicallysignificant species that has pan-Arctic distribution, represents a large volume of

ArcticOceanbiomassyear-round,andtheirsmallsizeclasscouldbeadvantageousto survive the effects of climate change in the Arctic. Determining whatmacromolecular pools are up-regulated and down-regulated during periods ofstressisindicativeoftheirsurvivalstrategy,andgiveamorenuancedindicationofwhere cellular carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are being allocated.Macromolecules analyzed include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, RNA, DNA andchlorophyll.Growthrateattheoptimaltemperatureof6°Cwas0.4265,and0.3632at a stressed temperature of 13°C.Detailed information onmacromolecular poolscanbelinkedtolargescaleprocessesbycreatingmodelsthatpredictphytoplanktondistribution, growth, ecology, marine primary productivity and biogeochemicalcycling of major elements. Their cellular composition is also impactful to uppertrophiclevels,asrelativeamountsofvariouscellularmacromolecularpoolsimpacttheirnutritionalquality.ThisongoingstudyisparticularlysignificantastheArcticisaregionalreadymajorlyimpactedbytheeffectsofclimatechange,andMicromonasspp.2099isanunderstudied,yetdominantspeciesintheArcticOceanbasin.

11h45Importance of exchanges between ecosystems in the functioning of food webs:

meta-analyticandexperimentalapproachesLaurentMontagano*(UniversitédeMoncton),ShawnLeroux(MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland),Marie-AndréeGiroux(UniversitédeMoncton,UniversitéduQuébecàRimouski),NicolasLecomte(UniversitédeMoncton)Attheheartofourstudyliestheconceptofecologicalsubsidies,whichencompassany resource, in the form of nutriments, detritus or prey, that transits from onehabitat to a consumer or plant in another habitat. This donor-controlled input ofenergy (i.e. whose quantity is invariable to consumption rate) modifies theproductivity of the recipient and can potentially cause a sequence of cascadingeffects in the foodweb. Our first objective is to determine the general effect thatsubsidies exert on responses exhibited by individuals, populations, andcommunities using ameta-analysis. Simultaneously, thiswill allow us to examinehowvarioushabitatandfoodwebcharacteristicscaninfluencesubsidyeffects.Oursecondobjectiveistoexperimentallydeterminetheeffectofsubsidiesonthebodyconditionandnestingsuccessofthewhite-rumpedsandpiper(Calidris fuscicollis),anarctic-nestingshorebirdthatdoesnotyetshowssignsofpopulationdecline.Wewill also measure their potential indirect effect on arthropod diversity andabundance in theareasurrounding theirnests.Bydoingso,wewillbesimulatingthe presence of subsidies in the Canadian Arctic, an environment that receivedcomparativelylittleattentioninthefieldofsubsidyexperiments.AllmanipulationswilltakeplaceontheislandofIgloolik(Nunavut)locatedintheCanadianArctic.

Session2B(D-102)10h45DendrochronologyofwoodfromtheruinsofaNewBrunswickwharf

NicSunderland-Baker*,BenPhillips(MountAllisonUniversity)Cross-sectionsofwoodusedinawharfontheCapeMaringouinPeninsulainSouth-Eastern New Brunswick were collected for dendroarchaeological analysis. Thegypsumquarrywharfwasconstructedin1906,abandonedin1921,anddismantled

inthe1990s.Thewoodwasidentifiedusingascanningelectronmicroscopewhiledendrochronological ring measurement and statistical cross-dating were used tocreate a radial growthhistoryof the tree-ringpatterns.Theanalysishas revealedthesetreeswerecutfromanoldgrowthforestwithtree-ringsdatingbackintothe1500’s.Thisprojectattemptstodeterminethegeographicoriginoftheforestfromwhichthesetreeswereextracted.UltimatelythesepreservedoldgrowthtreeswillhelpourunderstandingofNewBrunswick’spre-settlementforestsandsupportthepreservationofwoodenstructuresassymbolsofprovincialheritage.

11h LakeFletcherphosphorusloadingmodel

PaigeMarvel*(DalhousieUniversity)HumandevelopmentsandlandusealterationshaveincreasedphosphorusinputstoLake Fletcher in Nova Scotia, Canada. The lake, situated in the Fall River GrowthCentre,isinthreatofcrossingfromanoligotrophictoamesotrophicclassification.In attempt to counteract this increase, Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM)implementedapolicyintheMunicipalPlanningStrategy:PlanningDistricts14/17(ShubenacadieLakes)inwhichtheremaybenonetincreaseinphosphorusexportfrom new development projects. All developers must now prove a no netphosphorusexportfromtheirproposedprojects;however,anefficientanduniformtoolforthispredictionisnotavailable.Thisknowledgegappromptedthequestion:canamodelbedevelopedtoaccuratelypredictphosphorusconcentrationsinLakeFletcher? Through an adaptation of Dillon & Rigler’s 1975 “Lakeshore CapacityModel”,phosphorusexportcoefficientswereselected through literaturereview tocustomize the model to predict phosphorus concentrations in Lake Fletcher.MicrosoftExcelspreadsheetswereusedtocalculateandpredict theLakeFletcherphosphorusconcentrationbasedonknownbiophysicalparametersandtheselectedphosphorusexportcoefficients.Themodelwasthenvalidatedthroughastatisticalcomparisontorecentmeasuredvalues.

11h15Utilizationofplantgrowth-promotersinArundodonaxL.(NileFiber™)

Emily Peters*, Houman Fei (Saint Mary’s University), Matthew Crouse, Yousef A.Papadopoulos (Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada), J. Kevin Vessey (Saint Mary’sUniversity)ArundodonaxL.isaperennialgrassspeciesofMediterraneanorigin.Characteristichigh growth rate and biomass yield potential have attributed to its viability as abiofuelfeedstockinitsnativeclimate.Thegoalofthisresearchwastoevaluatethegrowth potential of a proprietary genotype of A. donax L. (NileFiber™) on low-qualitylandinNovaScotiaasapurpose-grownbiofuelfeedstock.Complimentarily,applicationsof variousplant growth-promoters (bacterial and fungal species) andsynthetic substances (seaweed extract and lipo-chitooligosaccharide) wereinvestigatedfortheirabilitytoenhanceA.donaxL.biomassproductivity in lieuofsynthetic fertilizers. Growth-promoterswere applied in three experimental trials(two greenhouse, one field) and were compared to untreated plants in bothenvironments.Growthpotentialwasdeterminedbygrowthmeasurementstakenatharvest, aswell as by calculating biomass yield. Further action into themode ofactionofgrowth-promoterswillbedeterminedbymineralnutrientanalysisofplant

biomass. Experimental evaluation should be repeated in the 2016 and 2017growing seasons to obtain additional performance data to substantiate theobservationsfromthisstudy.

11h30Measuring CO2 flux through a snow pack using an automated sampling method,CapeBretonHighlands,NSChristinaMinions*,DavidRisk,LauraGraham(St.FrancisXavierUniversity)

Soil-atmosphere gas exchanges that occur over the non-growing season are oftenoverlooked, but should be taken into consideration when making estimates ofannual carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. The insulating effect of snow cover greatlyinfluencessoilmicrobialactivityandtheproductionofCO2duringthenon-growingseason. In this study, CO2 concentrationsweremeasured at different depths in asnowpack down to the soil surface using a custom-built 16-port automatedsampling system. Snow gaswellswere fixed in the snowpack at different depths,and samples of CO2weremeasured from thewells everyhour.As validation, CO2concentrations were alsomeasured twice a day for a three-day period by takingsampleswitha25mLsyringe. Thedatacollectedbybothmethodswasanalyzedand compared. Each method showed evidence of a CO2 gradient through thesnowpack.ConcentrationsofCO2atthesoilsurfacewerenearly2to3timesaslargeastheatmosphericCO2concentration.HighconcentrationsofCO2atthesoilsurfacewere indicative of soil microbial activity, and show that this activity does occurduring the non-growing season. Theuse of an automated sampling systemwouldallow for data to be collected unattended over a longer time span, which couldreveal potential patterns in winter CO2 fluxes that cannot be easily determinedthroughothersamplingtechniques.AccuratelyquantifyingCO2fluxduringthenon-growingseasonisessentialtounderstandingtheannualfluxofCO2andits impactontheglobalcarbonbudgetinmid-andhigh-latitudeenvironments.

11h45Aquistorecarboncaptureandstorageintegrityassessment

LynsaySpafford*,DavidRisk(SaintFrancisXavierUniversity)Aquistore is the first saline aquifer capture and storage operation at commercialscale. Everyday, 1600 tonnesof carbondioxide (CO2) froma coal burningpowerplantareinjected3.4kmbelowthesurfaceintoaporoussalineformationsuitableforCO2storage.Thoughseepageisextremelyunlikely,itisimportanttoensurethatCO2 is remaining in thedeepsalineaquiferandnot leaking to thegroundsurface.Forthispurpose,49monitoringwellsspaced1kmfromoneanotherweredrilledtoa depth of 9 feet over an area of approximately 49 km2 centeredon the injectionwell, corresponding with the expected plume extent after injection at high rates.Prior to injection, samples were collected from these monitoring wells to detectgeochemical CO2 concentrations aswell as 13C isotopes typical of the site. SurfacesoilCO2fluxvalueswerealsomeasuredusingaLI-8100soilgasfluxanalyzerand10cm chamber to detect typical CO2 fluxes from the ground surface near eachmonitoring well prior to injection, and track seasonal variations in microbialmetabolism in soils. Seasonal surveys were performed, in addition to a post-injectionmonitoringcampaign toverifycontainment.Variability inconcentrationsand fluxes of CO2 aswell as isotopic concentrations of 13Cwere found, though all

values were typical of prairie ecosystems. Values pre-and post-injection weresimilar, indicating an absence of seepage of CO2 from the saline formation.GeochemicalandfluxindicatorscurrentlyshowAquistore’sCO2storageintegrityisgood,thoughcontinuedmonitoringiswarranted.

Sessions3A(A-102)9h An examination of 4th and 5th grade children’s conceptualization of

neighbourhoodsinHalifax,NovaScotiaAdreanOjoleck*,TarahWright(DalhousieUniversity)Children’s neighbourhoods provide a dynamic environment allowing children tolearnmore about themselves, their peers, their environment and themeaning ofcommunity. This community based participatory action research project involvesworking with elementary students to better understand how they conceptualizeneighbourhoods using tools such as mapmaking and interviews. By investigatingthis topic the principal investigator hopes to gain a greater understanding of (a)howchildrendefineaneighbourhood,(b)whatchildrenvalueinaneighbourhood,and (c) the extent towhich the natural environments are identified as importantplaces in children’s conceptualizationof theirneighbourhoods.Data for this studywas collected from a class of Grade 4/5 students from the Shambhala School inHalifax, NS. Three activities were conducted in class with the students, with anadditionaltakehomeassignment.Theactivities includeparticipatorymapmaking,the development of artistic expressions of neighbourhood, and interviews withindividualsaboutneighbourhoods.DatawillbeanalyzedusingNVivo10software,utilizinganaposterioricodingscheme.

9h15 Increased environmental heterogeneity affects substrate conditions and alters

seedlingdynamicsongreenroofsEmilyWalker*(SaintMary’sUniversity),JeremyLundholmLandscape development associated with urbanization disrupts ecosystem serviceprovisioning in cities. Architects and engineers have responded to these urbanchallengesbydesigninggreenroofsthatprovideintegratedsolutionstomanyurbanissues.Research suggests that functionallydiverseplantassemblages improve thedeliveryofecosystemservicesbygreenroofs,butfewdesignmodificationsaimedatenhancing plant survival and diversity in this difficult growth setting have beenevaluated.Throughpairedgreenroofandgreenhouseexperiments,weinvestigatedthe effect of increased heterogeneity on green roof substrate conditions andseedlingdynamicsongreenroofs.Thedesignmodificationstestedhereincludedtheadditionof logs,pebblepiles,and topographicheterogeneity.Surface featuresandtopographic maxima exhibited decreased substrate temperature and increasedmoistureretention,creatinguniquemicrositesforseedlings.Seedlingsurvivorshipwas increased at many of these sites, and species richness of communitiesassociated with pebble piles declined at a slower rate, relative to locations withunmodified substrate, during an extended drought. Heterogeneous green roofconditionsappeared to supportmorespecies relative tohomogeneousconditions,althoughthisdifferencewasnotstatisticallysignificant.Theresultsofthisresearch

indicatethatsimpledesignmodificationscanincreasethehabitabilityofgreenroofsfornativeseedlings.Furtherresearchisrequiredtoclarifytheseasonalityoftheseeffectsandtoassess the long-termtrajectoryofplantcommunitydevelopmentonheterogeneousgreenroofs.

9h30 LaLoi sur les espèces en périldu Canada: une approche neutre basée sur la

conservationdesespèces?UneanalysejuridiquecomparativeMarylineBédard*,DenisRoy,MalaïkaBacon-Dussault(UniversitédeMoncton),SophieBastien-Daigle(PêchesetOcéansCanada)Ceprojetconsisteàanalyserlecadrelégislatifcanadienentourantlaprotectiondesespèces en péril, plus précisément laLoi sur les espèces en péril (LC 2002, ch 29)(Loi),afindedéterminersicelle-ciremplitréellementsesobjectifs,notammentencequiatraitauxespècesaquatiquescommerciales.Aveclamiseenœuvredecetteloi, les législateurs souhaitaient établir un processus permettant de prévenir ladisparitiondesespèces,defavoriserleurrétablissementetdebiengérerlesespècespréoccupantesafind’éviterqu’ellesnedeviennentellesaussidesespècesmenacéesou en voie de disparition.La mise en œuvre de la loi a-t-elle réellement permisl’accomplissementdecesobjectifs?Ilestprimordial,afinquel’objectifdeprotégerlesespècesenpérilsoitpréservé,queleprocessusdemiseenapplicationdelaloi,mené par le gouvernement, soit dépourvu de toute influence indue qui pourraitmener à des décisions favorisant l’intérêt personnel de certains individus ougroupes plutôt que celui des espèces en péril. Les mécanismes légaux doiventpromouvoir la neutralité et donc l’absence de pressions économiques dans lesprocessus décisionnels menant à l’inscription ou non d’une espèce en périlaquatique. En comparant la Loi canadienne sur les espèces en péril etleEndangered Species Act des États-Unis, nousmettrons en parallèle les procédésaméricains et canadiens mis en œuvre pour redresser la situation. Ceci nouspermettrademettreen lumière lesméthodes lesplusefficacesdans l’atteintedesobjectifsvisés.Nousétudieronsplusparticulièrement leprocessusd’inscriptionetde rétablissement de chaque loi tout en examinant la présence ou non d’uneséparation claire entre les sciences et la politique (neutralité duprocessus).Deuxétudesdecasserontprésentéesafind’illustrerdequellemanièrechaqueprocessus(plus oumoins neutre)mène à des résultats différents en terme de protection etrétablissementdesespèces.

9h45 Exploringtheinfluenceofnatureexposureonrisk-baseddecision-making

RachelShin*(DalhousieUniversity),DanielRainham,JillMcSweeneyMaintaining contact with nature in a largely urbanized world is important, as itenhancesmoodthroughcognitiverestorationandstressreduction.Moodiscriticalwhenmakingdecisionsinsituationswhereoutcomesareuncertain(e.g.,situationsof probability or risk). A positive mood (e.g., happiness) typically results in risktakingbehaviourthroughdecreasedriskaversion,andhelpsovercomebiases(e.g.,framing) when decisions are required. The framing bias is present wheninconsistent decisions are made about risks that have the same outcome. Suchbiases are problematic, as they interfere with effective decision-making. Theobjective of this study was to determine if being exposed to artificial nature

eliminated the framing bias and increased risk aversion by facilitating positivemood.Undergraduate students (n=120)were recruited and randomly assigned toone of three conditions (i.e., nature, urban, and control) that consisted of a five-minute slide-show of images and sounds. Participants filled out pre- and post-exposure questionnaires to assess their nature relatedness and mood. After thecondition’s slideshow, participants answered a series of risk-based decisionquestions drawn from Kahneman and Tversky (1984). Preliminary results showsignificant differences between results from this study and those published byKahnemanandTversky,whichmayberelatedtomood.Exposuretonaturemaybea useful primingmechanism to improvemood and reduce issues associatedwithlossaversionandframingbiasaspartofimportantdecision-makingprocesses.

Session3B(D-102)9h The habitat characteristics associated with redroot (lachnanthes carolianiana) in

SouthwesternNovaScotiaAmandaRing*,DalhousieUniversityRedroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana Lam.) is amember of theAtlantic Coastal PlainFlora (ACPF), a groupof taxonomicallyunrelatedplantsoccupying similarhabitattypes along the eastern coast of North America. These species are typically poorcompetitors,andthusthriveinveryparticularnutrient-poorandhigh-disturbanceenvironments. Redroot has been listed as Threatened under the Nova ScotiaEndangeredSpeciesActandasaCOSEWICSpeciesofSpecialConcern,andgainingagreater understanding of its habitat is one of the key conservation goals listed inmanagementplansforthespecies.Inthesummerof2015,transectsandgridswereestablishedatsevenlakesinsouthwesternNovaScotia,measuringtheabundanceofredrootandothervegetation,aswellassubstratetypeandelevation.Spatialpatternanalysiswasconductedusingunivariateandbivariatewaveletanalysis,andfoundthatredroottendstogrowintwo-dimensionalpatchesneartheedgeofthewater.No significant spatial covariation with other species of herbaceous ACPF has yetbeen found. According to preliminary regression analysis, redroot abundanceincreases with increasing shoreline width, decreasing lake area, and increasingamounts of gravel on shorelines. This study will help confirm habitat trendsdescribed in the 2010 COSEWIC status report and complement them through anincreased understanding of redroot’s habitat characteristics on the microhabitatscale.Thesefindingscanbeusedtodeterminesuitableregionsforredrootgrowthwhichcouldbeprotectedinordertopreventtheextirpationofthespecies.

9h15 Predictingsongbirdnestpredationfromseedlingdensity:sugarmaplemastingasa

resourcepulseinaforestfoodwebMarie-LineFiola*(UniversitédeMoncton),AlizéeVernouillet(UniversityofManitoba)andMarc-AndréVillard(UniversitédeMoncton)Theecological literatureshowsconsiderableevidencefortop-downforcingonthemaintenanceofspeciesdiversity.Yet,intemperateforests,bottom-upforcesoftenexertastronginfluenceonecosystemfunctioning.Here,wereportontheinfluenceof a pulsed resource, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seed production, on nestsurvival in a ground-nesting migratory songbird. We hypothesized that seed

production at year t would determine daily nest survival rate in a songbirdpopulation at year t+1 through its effects on seed-eating rodents. Over a 4-yrperiod, we estimated sugar maple seedling density, eastern chipmunk (Tamiasstriatus)activity,anddailynestsurvivalrateintheOvenbird(Seiurusaurocapilla)inanorthernhardwoodforestofNewBrunswick,Canada.Seedlingdensityvariedbytwoordersofmagnitudebetweenyears,whereasanindexofchipmunkactivitychangedbyanorderofmagnitude. Bothvariableswerecorrelated,andnegativelyrelatedtodailynestsurvivalrate.Amodelincludingonlyseedlingdensityreceivedthegreatest levelofsupport(lowestAICc). Wesuspectthatthechipmunkactivityindex was not the best predictor of daily nest survival rate because deer mouse(Peromyscusmaniculatus),anotherseed-eatingnestpredator,wasunaccountedfor.Previous studies have reported the effect of sugarmaplemasting on seed-eatingrodents,butthestronglinktosongbirdnestsurvivalisnovel.Thetrophiclinkageswe document are remarkably strong for a temperate forest ecosystem and maybecomemoreprevalentinnortheasternNorthAmericawiththeexpansionofbeechbarkdisease.

9h30 Impactofanecosystemengineeronthebiodiversityofforestecosystems

Lindsay Gauvin* (Université de Moncton), Daniel Gallant (Université du Québec àRimouski),EricTremblay(ParcCanada),DominiqueBertaux(UniversitéduQuébecàRimouski),NicolasLecomte(UniversitédeMoncton)

By creating and maintaining heterogeneous habitats, some species have adisproportionate influence on ecosystems where they occur. Given the currentextinction crisis, understanding the impact of these ecosystem engineers onbiodiversity constitutes a priority. By cutting trees and building dams, beaversdrasticallymodifyriparianlandscapes,andbydoingsotheywereshowntoincreaseherbaceousplantspeciesrichnessinriparianlandscapes.Wetestedthehypothesisthat the spatialmosaic of boreal habitats in succession resulting from ecosystemengineeringbybeavers increases thebiodiversity ofmobile species across spatialscales. We tested a second hypothesis that the age and successional stages ofhabitats resulting from ecosystem engineering by beavers drive the diversity ofmobile species. The study was conducted in Kouchibouguac National Park ofCanada, New Brunswick, using camera-trapping techniques to document animalpresencein2014and2015.Wefoundspeciesshared(44.4%)betweenengineeredandunengineeredpatchesaswellasbetweenthethreetypeofengineeredpatches.Unique species were mostly found at engineered patches, with ponds and wetmeadowsshowingmorespeciesthandrymeadows.Also,pondsandwetmeadowscontribute the most to overall biodiversity. Our results, when compared to theliterature, show that ecosystem engineering by beavers promotes the diversity ofmobile species at the local scale, while enriching the diversity of mobile andspecializedspeciesalikeat the landscapescale.Bothspecies lifehistory traitsandstudy scale are thus predictors of the impact of ecosystem engineers oncommunities.

9h45 Anassessmentofastream-basedmethanemonitoringtechniqueMartinBoissonnault*,KerryMacQuarrie(UniversityofNewBrunswick)Astudyofstreammethaneconcentrationsisbeingconductedinordertoestablishthefeasibilityofusingsteammethaneconcentrationstomonitorgasmigrationfromsubsurface sources, such a stray gas associated with natural gas development.Samplingof17streamsintheKennebecasisRiverwatershedhasbeenconductedtoestablish baseline concentrations. Dissolved methane concentrations in thesestreams range from below detection (< 0.001 mg/L) to 0.018 mg/L. Selectedstreamswerealsoprofiledtoestablishlongitudinalwatertemperaturevariabilityinordertoidentifylocationsofgroundwaterinput.Controlled-releasetracertestsarealso planned for 2016 so that site-specific values for gas evasion rates can beobtained.Through theuseofaone-dimensionalstreamtransportmodel,methaneinputsandoutputs to thestreamwillbecalculatedandcorrelated to temperatureand discharge in order to predict groundwater methane concentrations andloadings. If successful, this method may reduce the need for a large number ofgroundwater monitoring wells, as a single stream may receive inputs from arelativelylargegeographicarea.

Posterpresentation–PrésentationparafficheAbstracts listed in alphabetical order/ Les résumés sont listés en ordre de alphabétique.

Theeffectsofafricanelephant(loxodontaafricana)activityonbrowsing,grazing,andmix-feedingherbivorousafricanmammalpopulationsinaprivateSouthAfricangamereserveAshley Greening*, Kevin Teather (University of Prince Edward Island), Stewart Thompson(OxfordBrookesUniversity)The main objective of this study was to determine if population levels of herbivorousmammalsinaprivateSouthAfricangamereservewereaffectedbyhabitatimpactcausedbyAfricanelephants.Threecommonherbivorespecieswereselectedtoobtainarangeoffeeding types: Burchell’s zebra (Equus quagga), a grazer; greater kudu (Tragelaphusstrepsiceros), a browser; and, commonwarthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a mix-feeder.ThestudywasconductedwithintheWelgevondengamereserveinSouthAfricafromlateJune2014toearlyAugust2015.A25mx25mquadratwasestablishedatfortyelephantimpact sites throughout the reserve. All plantswith a basal stemdiameter of 15cmoraboveweregivenanimpactratingusingtheWalkerscale.Thereweresix10kmtransectlineslocatedwithinWelgevonden.Eachtransectwasdrivenalongat20km/hr.Whenoneormoreof the selectedmammal specieshadbeenpositively identified, the species andhabitat inwhich itwasobservedwererecorded.Thetransectdatawasentered into theDISTANCEsoftwareprogram,whichcreatedapopulationestimateforeachhabitattype.These results were then compared to the mean Walker rating for each habitat typeobtained from the elephant impact quadrats. The riparian and plateau habitats had thehighestWalkerratings,whilethehillslopeandvalleybottomhabitatshadlowerWalkerratings. The open grassland habitats had the lowestWalker rating. These results,whencombined with other studies, can assist in developing more effective conservationstrategiesforSouthAfrica’sgamereserves.

An Assessment of Environmental Changes in Wolfe Lake, Fundy National Park, UsingZooplanktonAssemblagesPaulMacKeigan*(MountAllisonUniversity)Various environmental stressors are expected to influence freshwater lakes in NewBrunswick, including nutrient contamination (inputs), acid deposition and climatewarming.However,with insufficient long-termmonitoringdata, thestressorsabovearepoorlyunderstood.ApaleolimnologicalassessmentwasconductedatWolfeLake,FundyNationalParkinanattempttounderstandlong-termenvironmentalconditionsandhowstressors have influenced the freshwater ecosystem through time. By examining asediment core collected fromWolfe Lake in 2003, the class of Branchiopods-CladocerawereusedasbioindicatorsofclimaticconditionsatWolfeLake.Cladoceranremainswerequantifiedthroughoutthesedimentcoreandrelativeabundanceswererecordedforeachinterval of sediment.Using the knownecological preferences of Cladoceran species andthe observed changes in relative abundances through the sediment timeline, climaticconditionswerereconstructedandanalyzed.Thestudyrecordedaconsistentincreaseinthe pelagic family Bosminidae and a decrease in the littoral family Chydoridae. Acommunity shift from littoral to pelagic speciesmay be explained by climaticwarming,whichfavorssmallpelagicspecies.Theshiftmayalsobeinfluencedbytheconstructionofthe Wolfe Lake splash dam, which has deepened the lake and expanded the pelagichabitat. This overall trend is consistent with related studies and is most likely due toclimacticwarming.WaterqualityanalysiswithintheKennebecasiswatershedJillMcCurdy*,MichelleGray(UniversityofNewBrunswick,Fredericton)Water isanessentialpartof lifeas itphysiologicallysupportsallspeciesandprovidesamedium for aquatic species to thrive. Therefore, the quality of water is fundamentalknowledge to ensure species’ survival. The Canadian Council of Ministers of theEnvironment (CCME)have created aWaterQuality Index (WQI) to beused as a tool toanalyzedifferentparameters foundwithinwatersamples,allowingforeasyreportingofwaterqualitydata.Theindexcomparescollecteddatatoasetofwaterqualitystandardsinputted by the user and produces a score that reflects poor, marginal, fair, good, orexcellentwaterquality.ThisindexwasutilizedtoclassifythequalityofwateroverseveralyearsatvariouscollectionpointswithintheKennebecasis.Theindexitselfwasalsoassessed in termsof itsutility forusebywatershedandcommunitygroups toreportonwaterqualityinastandardized,interpretablemanner.ThedatafortheKennebecasisRiverswatershedwillbepubliclydisplayedusingArcGISonlineandwilluseasimplecolourscaletodistinguishvariationsinwaterqualityvalueassociatedwithsites.Throughanalysisof thewaterqualitydata in theKennebecasis, trendsovertimecanbedeterminedandpotentialdetrimentalinputsourcesmaybeidentified.UsingotolithstoevaluategrowthinslimysculpinTeganSmith*,MichelleGray(UniversityofNewBrunswick,Fredericton)Relationshipsbetweenfishsizeandotolithdimensionshavebeenstudiedforseveralfishspecies. In some studies, otolith size was measured to predict fish length and otherslooked at using otolith size as a means to classify ages. Ageing fish using ‘ringed’

structureslikescales,orotoliths,orfinisdifficultatthebestoftimes,andisascienceonitsown. AgeingSlimySculpin(Cottuscognatus),poseanespeciallydifficultcaseastheylack scales and their otoliths can be cloudy and opaque resulting in poor accuracy andprecisioninagedetermination.SinceSlimySculpinagecannotbereliablydeterminedbycountingringsonotoliths,weexploredtherelationshipbetweenotolithsizeandfishsizeto develop more applicable methods for assessing differences in growth of sculpinbetween sites. Otolith size and dimensionsweremeasured formore than 250 sculpincollected across 5 sites of the Kennebecasis River, New Brunswick. There was nosignificantdifferencebetween theweight, length, orwidthofpairedotoliths (p>0.05),and so only the larger of the twowas used for subsequent analyses. The relationshipbetween otolith weight and sculpin length was strongest (r2 = 0.86). This strongrelationshipbetweenotolithsizeandfishsizeshowspromiseforevaluatinggrowthacrosssites. Further research should aim to look at sites under different environmentalconditions, validate ages by studying tracked sculpin year-over-year to measure actualgrowth,anddeveloprobustotolith-fishsizeequations.Does the addition of biochar to nitrogen-enriched soils alter greenhouse gas emissionsandtheleachingofnutrients?SamanthaStachiw*(St.FrancisXavierUniversity)Agricultural soils tend to have an excess amount of nitrogen through the additions oforganicandinorganicfertilizers,resultinginincreasedofgreenhousegasemissions,andnutrientleaching.Biocharamendmentshavebeenproposedasatoolformaximizingtheretention of nutrients in soil, but there is limited understanding of how biocharamendments may alter greenhouse gas emissions and leaching of nutrients to aquaticsystems. The objective of this researchwas to determine if the addition of biochar tonitrogen rich agricultural soilwould alter nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching.Laboratorysoilcoreexperimentswereconductedonagriculturalsoilthatwasuntreated,treatedwithinorganicnitrogen,andtreatedwithbiocharplusinorganicnitrogen.Fluxesfromthecoreswerecollectedoveraonemonthperiod,beforeandafterwettingperiods,to try and determine if the released of nitrous oxide was significantly different fromnitrogenrichsoilwithandwithouttheadditionofbiochar. Thegaswasanalyzedusinggas chromatography. Equivalent samples were kept under the same treatments andconditions and leached to test for nutrient losses as nitrate using colorimetric analysis.Theresultsshowthatsoilsamendedwithbiocharplusnitrogenhadthehighestreleaseofnitrous oxide and the lowest amount of leached nitrate. This suggests that addition ofbiochar to nitrogen enriched soils reduce nitrate leaching, but increases nitrous oxideemissions.VoluntarystewardshipandtheCanadianspeciesatriskactonPrinceEdwardIslandEmilyWarren*,CarolynPeachBrown(UniversityofPrinceEdwardIsland)Duetohumanactivity,biodiversityhasbeendecreasingatanalarmingrate.Thecurrentspecies at risk (SAR) legislation, the Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA), does notadequately protect species on privately owned land. This is particularly a problem inPrinceEdwardIslandwherethemajorityoflandisprivatelyowned.Thegoalofthisstudywastodeterminewhethervoluntarystewardship,anyvoluntaryactiontakenbyaperson

to protect SAR, could be effective in protecting SAR on PEI. This method, however,requires landowners’ willingness and effort to protect biodiversity. Semi-structuredinterviews of sixteen rural landowners were conducted in order to understand theirknowledgeofSARandtheCanadianSpeciesatRiskAct,andtheirperspectiveonwhatthegovernment and landowner’s role could be in protecting SAR. The interview questionsalso addressed demographic characteristics, ownership of land and property type. TheinterviewsweretranscribedverbatimandanalysedusingNVivosoftware.Theresponseswere codedusingmain themes suchas: attitudes towards species at risk, knowledgeofSARA, land management strategies used, and willingness to get more involved inprotecting SAR. All of the participants were willing to get involved and had a positiveattitude towardsprotecting species at risk on their land.With some incentives, such aslandowner compensation or education, this study indicated that voluntary stewardshipcouldbeaneffectivemethodtoprotectbiodiversityonPrinceEdwardIsland.AnanalysisofatmosphericgasconcentrationsandtheimplicationsofproximalabandonedoilandgasinfrastructureattheStoneyCreekoilfield,NewBrunswickJamesWilliams* (St. Francis Xavier University), David Risk, Martin Lavoie, Alex Marshall,EmmalineAtherton,KatlynMcKayApproximately 168 oil and gaswells have been spudded at the Stoney Creek oilfield inNewBrunswick,mostofwhichhavesincebeendecommissioned.Mostemissionsfromoiland gas production facilities are understood to originate from active oil and gasoperations, but not much concern is given to abandoned infrastructure. Improperlyabandonedwellscanleadtowellboreleakage,whichcanresult inthecontaminationofshallowgroundwater, soils and theatmosphere.Atmosphericgasanalysis surveyswereperformedoverthespanofthreedaysusingavehicle-basedmobilesurveyingtechniqueutilizing a Picarro G2201-i CRDS analyzer which provided real-time gas concentrationmeasurements for methane, carbon dioxide and δ13C-CH4. Anomalous readings weredetermined by analyzing excess ratios of eCO2/eCH4 and δ13C-CH4 measurements. Bycouplingthesereal-timemeasurementswithcoordinates,climatedataandwelllocations,we are able to visualize and interpret anomalous concentrations in relation to theirproximitytoabandonedwellpads.Atotalof39wellpadswerewithina250-meterradiusof a eCO2/eCH4 ratio lower than100.Meanδ13C-CH4was -35.91±0.21‰over all foursurveys,anddroppedto-32.35±0.47‰aftertheeCO2/eCH4ratiofilterwasapplied.Thisstudy shows that recurring methane anomalies are present in select locations in closeproximitytoabandonedoilandgasinfrastructure.However,furtheranalysisinproximitytotheidentifiedwelllocationsisneededtoconfirmthedecommissionedoilandgaswellsasthesourceoftheseanomalousreadings.

Comitéorganisateurlocal/Localorganizingcommittee

AlainPatoine–co-président/co-chairCélineSurette-co-président/co-chair

ArianeJuneau-Godin-co-présidenteétudiante/Studentco-chairJoanieKennah-représentanteétudiante/StudentrepChloéMelanson-représentanteétudiante/StudentrepJolèneSanterre-représentanteétudiante/StudentrepGuillaumeFortin-représentantprofesseur/Facultyrep

CaroleTranchant–représentanteprofesseure/Facultyrep

Thankyou/Merci

• MélanieClériot-Agentededéveloppementsocial,FédérationdesétudiantsetétudiantesducampusuniversitairedeMoncton

• LoisWhitehead–Directricegénérale/ExecutivedirectorScienceAtlanticetaupersonneldeScienceAtlanticstaff

• H.CarolynPeachBrown–AssociateProfessor,UPEIandChairoftheScienceAtlanticEnvironmentCommitteeandtotheothermembersoftheSAECcommittee

• FrancisLeBlanc,NoëllaBourque,MonetteSaulnier,KrystelleLeBlanc–FacultédesScienceetProgrammedelaMaîtriseenétudesdel’environnement/FacultyofScienceandEnvironmentalstudiesprogram,UniversitédeMoncton

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