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9th edition, July 2012

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WANTEDSKILLED POLICE OFFICERS

REWARD: PEACE AND SECURITY

MAGAZINE

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[ spEcIAlIZAtIoN IN ActIoN ]26 ] Preventing and Investigating Sexual and Gender-based

Crime in Haiti

30 ] UN Support Mission in Libya the Lean Machine 32 ] Developing the Mentoring Skills o Police Peacekeepers

[ GlobAl Effort ]36 ] Global Eort

38 ] Training Police to Address Sexual andGender-based Crimes

39 ] Interview Ms. Janice McCleanSenior Police Adviser, United NationsIntegrated Peacebuilding Ofce in Sierra Leone

July 2012

9th EdItIoN

[ INtroductIoN ]1 ] Foreword, Susana Malcorra

United Nations, Che de Cabinet

2 ] Getting Capacity Building RightAmeerah Haq, Under-Secretary-GeneralDepartment o Field Support

8 ] Specialization RequiredAnn-Marie Orler, United Nations Police Adviser

[ fActs & fIGurEs ]

23 ] Top Ten Contributors o UN Police

28 ] Actual/Authorized/Female Deploymento UN Police in Peacekeeping Missions

23 ] Top Ten Contributors o Female UNPolice Ofcers

22 ] FPU Deployment

56 ] UN Police Contributing Countries (PCCs)

[ rEcruItMENt ]10 ] Overview o Recruitment

14 ] New Procedures or Assessing Individual Police Ofcers

16 ] United Nations Police Selection and Recruitment Kit

17 ] UN Policing Skill Sets (Inographic)

20 ] Formed Police Units

22 ] Member States

[ NEws ]46 ] UN Contributes to Development o Somali Police

48 ] UN Police Support to Electoral Process inGuinea-Bissau

50 ] Regional Peacekeeping meeting in Indonesia Worksto Develop Strategic Guidance or UN Police

51 ] In Brie

53 ] UN Police Awarded Order o Timor-Leste Medal

57 ] New UN Police Identifer Wins Graphis Gold Award

tAblE of coNtENts

Photo caption: UN Photo/Martine Perret

Cover illustration: Conor Hughes/United Nations

Correction: On the inside o the back cover o the 8th edition o the UN Police Magazine January 2012 it stated that police ofcer JoyceKapampa Kasosa worked or the Police Division rom 2009 2011. In act Ms. Kasosa worked or the Mission Management and Support

Section rom July 2008 to September 2010 when she was deployed by the Police Division as specialist to the Integrated Operational Teamwhere she remained until April 2012.

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Foreword

The United Nations has more than 14,000 police serving in 19peace missions helping to implement Security Council mandates

and advance the cause o peace. As I know rom my time asUnder Secretary-General or Field Support, these ocers acetests and circumstances that require all their skill, resolve andexperience. Some assist fedgling police services, others workin environments with ailing legal rameworks and ew judi-cial institutions, and almost all work with communities that aretraumatized, earul and insecure.

In addressing these situations and helping to restore security,UN Police must demonstrate dignity and integrity at all times.They must be proessional and adaptable, acting as teachers,guidance counsellors, mentors and colleagues. They are ambas-

sadors or the United Nations as well as or their own countries.They must uphold the values o the Organization, and deendthe human rights on which it is ounded.

The Police Division requires more than 50 specializations, in-cluding crime scene management, transnational crime opera-tions, data analysis, police administration and community-based policing. Beyond the specic skills we continue to need,a undamental shit in UN policing is underway with a long-overdue increase in the number o emale ocers. Three yearsago, there were 867 emale ocers. Today, there are 1,364 9.4per cent o the service and the United Nations aims to reachat least 20 per cent by the end o 2014.

The deployment o women police ocers is having ar-reach-ing eect. In Liberia, where we sent an all-emale police unit,there was an immediate practical benet. Women elt saer andmore empowered to report the abuse they were enduring. Butthere was another unanticipated consequence. Liberian womenqueued to join their own police orce. Because theysawit, theyknew that they could be it. Bangladesh and India have contrib-uted all-emale Formed Police Units, and many other countriesare increasing the number o emale ocers that they deploy.

The Secretary-General and I strongly commend this growing

trend, and we are urging Member States to support it urther byproviding the necessary human, nancial and logistical resourc-es. Our police and our emale police provide an invaluable ser-vice as guardians, condants and role models or all society.

Susana MalcorraChe de CabinetUnited Nations

June 2012

1jUly 2012

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The results o the concerted eorts by PNTL and UN Police to create a more proessional and ableTimorese police service are already visible. The relatively low rate o reported crimes has remainedunchanged since the handover o policing responsibility, and 80% o Timorese men and womenstate that they have condence in the national police. Naturally, building a police service takestime, and PNTL will require continued support and engagement rom bilateral and multilateralpartners, as well as adequate nancial and logistical resources rom the Timorese authorities. But,as we have seen in this electoral period, the institution is on the right track.

As UNMIT prepares or drawdown and the conclusion o support to the PNTL, two key lessons areemerging. First, eective capacity-building requires specic skills on the part o UN Police ocers,and an understanding o the challenges o institution-building. Here, we can do much more withpolice-contributing countries to ensure that we select the right ocers or the right assignments,

including higher numbers o emale ocers.

Second, training and mentoring also require strong interpersonal relationships. Much o whatUNMIT was able to achieve in the area o policing during my tenure was thanks to the outstand-ing partnership between the PNTL General Commander and UNMIT Police Commissioner. Suchrelationships need to exist at all levels rom Headquarters to sub-district police posts. I havecontinuously urged police-contributing countries to extend the tours o duties o key ocers withcapacity-building responsibilities, allowing them to create the relationships that will maximizethe impact o their work.

As UNMIT comes to a close, I hope the lessons rom UNMIT support to PNTL in particular oncapacity-building and institutional development, including the Joint Development Plan and the 19advisers initiative will be careully collected or the benet o other missions. As or me, I lookorward to working closely with all o the UN partners in my new role to ensure that our missionsin the eld are ully equipped to deliver on every aspect o their policing mandates.

Ameerah HaqUnder-Secretary-General

or the Department o Field Supportand ormer Special Representative

o the Secretary-General to Timor-Lesteand Head o UNMIT

June 2012

GettinG CapaCityBuildinG riGht

Policing is at the heart o the United Nations Peacekeeping Operationin Timor-Leste (UNMIT) mandate, and o peace and security in Timor-Leste. Created in 2006, in response to a crisis which let the nationalpolice (PNTL) actionalized and without a command structure, UNMITwas mandated by the Security Council to help restore and maintainpublic security and strengthen national capacity or policing.

By the time I took up my role as the Special Representative and Heado UNMIT in January 2010, the situation in Timor-Leste had improvedgreatly. The security situation was calm and stable, with PNTL wellon the path to resuming its rightul place as a capable, credible andaccountable national police service.

Indeed, I arrived in the midst o the PNTL district-by-district re-sumption o policing responsibility or police operations across thecountry, which culminated in the 27 March 2011 hand-over o thelast districts and units and overall command and control. Progresswas conrmed during Timor-Lestes presidential elections o Marchand April 2012, when PNTL successully managed the rst signicanttest o its ability to manage high-prole police operations with onlybackseat support rom UN Police.

The March 2011 handover o policing responsibility created an oppor-tunity or UN Police to shit its ocus towards capacity-building. Itwas clear to me rom the outset that the ability o UNMIT to transerknowledge and skills to the PNTL would be one o our most importantcontributions to lasting peace and stability in Timor-Leste.

In line with this, the PNTL and UN Police developed a Joint Devel-opment Plan (JDP), addressing ve areas o strategic developmentidentied by the PNTL: legislation, discipline, training, operations,and administration. To ensure that the plan had an immediate impacton the ground, specic capacity-building plans were developed withthe PNTL and UN Police district and unit commanders, who were alsotasked with monitoring implementation and reporting on progress.Complementing the JDP, and a peacekeeping rst, UNMIT had re-cruited 19 civilian police advisers to provide support to the PNTL inareas where it had long-term capacity gaps.

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proFessional serviCe

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UNItEdNAtIONsPOlICEreCruitment

6 UN POlICE MAGAZINE

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Deploying the right ocers at the right time makes an impressive impact. In South Sudan lastyear, shortly ater the new peacekeeping operation was deployed, the Government requested im-mediate assistance or specialized police to help with diplomatic security and livestock policing.Its neighbour Kenya, which has expertise and knowledge about both these areas o policing,quickly supplied eight highly qualied ocers to the UN operation in South Sudan. They weredeployed within six weeks o the request and began helping the Government to train and mentorSouth Sudanese police.

In light o the scourge o sexual and gender-based crimes in Haiti, a small team o Norwegian po-lice ocers created a pilot programme in 2010 to train Haitian police to prevent and investigategender-based crimes. Since October 2010, 326 Haitian police ocers have been trained. Norwaydeploys specialized ocers or one year, with staggered rotations every six months, ensuring a

smooth transition. This project is boosted by the act that the Norwegian Government has donatedunds to build and equip police oces or the Haitian National Police coordinator or gender andwomens aairs and regional oces where sexual and gender-based crime units can work. Special-ized police ocers rom Canada and Sweden have also assisted with this programme. The HaitianGovernment has praised this eort as having had a real impact.

The United States has used a similar approach in Liberia where it has provided trainers, equip-ment and unds to build an oce to help establish an emergency response unit inside o theLiberian National Police. Combining specialized knowledge, when it is needed, with the rightmaterial to make it possible or the police to do the jobs they are trained to do, is an eectivemodel o support.

The list o specializations that the Police Division seeks (see page 19) includes administrative unc-tions, management, operational and other specialization in the area o organized crime, procure-ment, nance, project management, organizational planning and human resource management.

The last magazine highlighted the Secretary Generals rst ever report on UN Police, emphasis-ing the importance o building national capacity. This edition describes the skills and experienceneeded to deliver in this crucial area.

Ann-Marie OrlerPolice Adviser

Department o Peacekeeping OperationsJune 2012

speCializationrequired

United Nations policing is evolving quickly and helpingto lead the way into 21st Century peacekeeping with theUnited Nations Security Council tasking the Police Divisionthrough ever more detailed mandates. At the same time,the vast experience that we have gathered over the lastdecade o unprecedented deployment has made our eortsmore ecient, more targeted and more eective. The Po-lice Division is shaping lessons learned into comprehensiveguidance and most importantly is striving to deliver exper-tise when and where needed.

This magazine is dedicated to the most important aspect

o UN policing, namely the women and men who serve asUnited Nations Police ocers. The cover shows that we wantqualied and well prepared ocers, specialized police, expe-rienced cops and good leaders to ensure that the mandateswe are given are ully and eciently implemented. Like amechanic we have used pliers to undo dierent bolts, but itwas not always the perect t. Over the last couple o yearswe have gone to a crescent wrench, it is adjustable and anexcellent tool, but today we are developing the socket setor UN Police recruitment. With the establishment o the Se-lection and Recruitment Section in early 2010, where we areplacing a great amount o our Headquarter resources, we arenow at a turning point in our recruitment paradigm.

The Police Division is enhancing all aspects o recruitmento individual police ocers, ormed police units, and civil-ian police experts within the police components and UNHQsta, including the Standing Police Capacity.

We have undertaken a number o reviews to enhance theoperational capabilities o ormed police units. We are -nalizing the review o the predeployment assessment proce-dures, in consultation with eld missions and Member Statesduring workshops in Jordan and Italy, and a special meetingwith police contributing countries in New York. This has al-lowed us to ensure that the nal product is comprehensiveand refects the consolidated view o experts, practitionersand Member States. In the coming weeks, new standard op-erating procedures (SOP) will be adopted by the senior lead-ership o the Departments o Peacekeeping Operations andField Support. Clear and coherent assessment procedures willcontribute to increased eciency and eectiveness o selec-tion and deployment o ormed units to peacekeeping opera-tions. This SOP will also provide guidance and assistance toMember States in their preselection procedures.

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e

The Police Division certies that the o-cers that are to be deployed have re-ceived predeployment training. Workingwith the Integrated Training Service inthe Division or Policy Evaluation andTraining, the Police Division assists Mem-ber States that do not have training a-cilities to nd training capacity in theirregion.

ic Fpu

g b

Monthly inspections o operationalequipment, including stocks o lethal andnon-lethal ammunition, are being carried

out to identiy deciencies and the PoliceDivision initiates remedial measures withthe respective police contributing coun-try. The Police Division has created a spe-cic template through which the resultso these inspections are submitted on aregular basis.

i c g

Fpu fc

Missions have been asked to improve FPUinduction training, as well as raise aware-ness through ormal briengs on the ap-plicable, mission-specic directives.

e Fpu

The Police Division now requests con-tributing countries to extend the tour oduty o FPU personnel rom six monthsto one year. Less requent rotations al-lows the Police Division to select morequalied FPU candidates, improves thelevel o proessionalism o FPU personneland directly increases operational capa-bilities by raising the level o experienceamong personnel in the eld. As longertours o duty require greater welare con-siderations, the Police Division empha-sizes the need to deploy adequate sportsand recreation equipment to boost themorale o FPU personnel.

overview oF reCruitment

C c k c k

United Nations missions where UN Police are deployed are requested to provide and regularly up-date a list o required police skill-sets needed in their mission. The list is also shared with MemberStates to guide their nominations and pre-selections o ocers to be assessed during a SelectionAssessment and Assistance Team (SAAT).

d g c

The Police Division reaches out to Member States at every opportunity with a standardized messagethat can be easily communicated at all levels rom the Secretary-General to Special Representativeso the Secretary-General in-missions, and in individual meetings with Member States.

Fc cc mb s

The Police Division has developed a Selection and Recruitment Kit that inorms Member States

about skill sets and application procedures, in order to speed up and clariy the process. All docu-ments concerning recruitment are included.

h c c

(a) The Selection Assessment and Assistance Team (SAAT) procedure now involves longerinterviews that allow the Police Division to assess a candidates skills in person, withharmonized interview questions reoriented towards skills and understanding o UN corevalues. These measures strengthen the basis on which recruitment decisions are made andlead to higher standards among selected ocers.

(b) The new assessment has a more comprehensive language test to ensure that ocers cancommunicate in the language required within each mission.

(c) Candidates are now also assessed on their knowledge and use o new inormation technology.

(d) The Police Division is currently looking into integrating UN standards o conduct or indi-vidual UN Police and ormed police units (FPUs), with a special ocus on command sta,in the ongoing revision o the Special Police Assessment Team (SPAT) Guidelines.

h

The Selection Assessment and Assistance Team (SAAT) procedures have been harmonized withthe assessment procedure in missions, urther promoting a unied standard or all UN Police. Thisentailed proessionalizing the language assessment with the assistance o language experts andmaking the driving assessment consistent with the in-mission driving test.

ec g g -cg(a) Police Contributing Countries (PCCs) now certiy that seconded police ocers have a clean

criminal, human rights and disciplinary record. The requirements to pass the shooting as-sessment were raised to ensure higher security.

(b) The Police Division now systematically screens all candidates nominated by contributingcountries to veriy whether they have been subject to administrative measures or miscon-duct during their previous assignments as UN Police. UN Police repatriated are ipso actodeclared ineligible or uture assignments as per applicable guidelines.

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sg gc c

(a) The Police Division is currently updating/strengthening the language in the disciplinarydirectives or UN Police and the Memorandum o Understanding or ormed police unitswith clearer provisions on immunity, the applicable legal process, roles and responsibili-ties o the UN and police contributing countries, operating procedures on investigations,reporting and handling o evidentiary material.

(b) The Police Division is developing the Police Advisers specic guidance to Heads o PoliceComponents on the prevention o misconduct, including how to make the best use o theUN police internal inspection unit, the designation o sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA)ocal points, continuous in-mission training and sensitization, non-raternization mea-sures, enhanced controlled-environment in high SEA-risk locations, regular unannouncedinspections and regular SEA-risk assessments.

(c) The Police Division is exploring with the Oce o Internal Oversight Services and theConduct and Discipline Unit ways to reduce reporting and investigative timerames in theprocessing o misconduct cases, not least in light o the act that UN Police ocers havetime-limited assignments in missions.

rc c b b (sea)

(a) Heads o Police Components (Police Commissioners and Senior Police Advisers) will beasked to report on the implementation o their strategies to prevent misconduct, includ-ing the implementation o welare strategies as part o their prevention strategy.

(b) The Police Division will explore with Mission leadership how to include the commandresponsibility on SEA in the evaluation o the Heads o Police Components.

p pc Cbg C ccb sea

(a) The Police Division will approach contributing countries to set up national accountabilitymechanisms (legal and nancial accountability, victims assistance) or their secondedpolice ocers as provided in recent General Assembly resolutions concerning CriminalAccountability o United Nations ocials and Experts on Mission (see A/Res/66/93).

(b) The Police Division will work with contributing countries on how they could supportindividual police ocers and ormed police units to cover their compensatory time o(CTO)/annual leave travel costs and/or organize amily visits in amily-duty stations orneighbouring countries. This is also linked to the extended tour o duty.

pc d s h

The majority o Police Division sta at Headquarters in New York and in Brindisi are seconded po-lice ocers. The recruitment o these ocers is done through semi-annual recruitment campaigns.Member States are approached to nominate qualied and skilled police ocers who meet the

requirements outlined in the circulated job openings. Today there are more than 80 contributingcountries and a limited number o posts making the process highly competitive. The more expe-rienced and skilled nominated ocers are, the greater chance they will have to be selected. ThePolice Division seeks proessional police with operational and administrative experience combinedwith superior coordination, planning and organizational skills. Team work and communicationskills are vital in enabling these ocers to interact with a wide spectrum o colleagues and inter-locutors rom other Departments, Oces and Services.

ec cbg c cc g g

In an eort to oster ully prepared and operationally capable FPUs or deployment to UN peace-keeping operations, the Police Division in cooperation with Member States developed a Train-the-Trainer course targeting a total o 180 participants rom Arica, Asia and Francophone countries.The rst course was conducted in India in November 2011, the second in Botswana (April-May2012) and the third course in French is planned or September/October 2012.

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Special Police Assessment Teams (SPAT) examine FPU operational capacities, readiness, the unitsproessional background as well as any specic training received. The Police Division is reviewingthe SPAT guidelines and identiying new standards to assess their operational readiness. Once inthe mission, FPU coordinators ensure that each FPU is tested in its public order management ca-pacity one month ater arrival and at our month intervals thereater. All FPU operational membersare re-tested in their weapons handling and shooting skills every six months. As a means o ensur-ing compliance with these new requirements, the Police Division will conduct periodic inspectionso deployed FPUs.

ic b Fpu cbg cCurrently, the burden o deploying FPUs alls on a ew large contributors. A wider variety o FPUcontributing countries will allow the Police Division to select better qualied and better equippedunits that meet Mission requirements. A wider variety o source countries gives the Police Divisionthe fexibility to repatriate underperorming FPUs, signalling that the UN will maintain the higheststandards o proessional conduct and capability.

egg mb s Fpu c

To re-examine whether ull use is being made o FPU capabilities across the entire spectrum ooperations, the Police Division has launched a discussion with Member States to nd additionalways to address current challenges and consider i and how the FPU concept might evolve urther.


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14 UN POLICE MAGAZINE

aficting the populations in mission areas is evolving. Today intra-state conficts are compoundedby emerging threats orm organized crimes, including tracking, terrorism and nancial raud.UN Police need to support global security by providing the appropriate expertise to host-states indealing with these new threats.

C c cg c c -

c b c c c.

UN Police have been asked to assume ull responsibility or policing and other law enorcement ac-tivities in missions where police services were initially absent, most recently in UNMIK and Timor-Leste. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was entrusted with

the responsibility o maintaining civil law and order including establishing local police orces andmeanwhile through the deployment o international police personnel to serve in Kosovo. Atergradually transerring responsibility to the Kosovo Police Service, the UNMIK police componentwas drastically reduced and handed over the majority o its remaining executive responsibilities tothe European Union Rule o Law Mission, EULEX Kosovo, in December 2008. Similarly, the policecomponent o the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) and its suc-cessor missions were mandated to provide interim law enorcement and public security unctions.

new proCedures ForassessinG individualpoliCe oFFiCers

In order to assist United Nations Member States to meet the challenge o seconding individualpolice ocers who have the required skills to implement the increasingly complex mandates oUN missions eectively, the Police Division has developed a new Standard Operating Procedure:

Assessment o Individual Police Ofcers or Service in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations andSpecial Political Missions.

This document does not apply to the selection o ormed police units (FPUs), or police ocers onUN contracts (Sta Members), or which separate assessment and selection procedures exist.

n r

The deployment o UN Police has increased dramatically over the last 15 years. In 1994 the totalnumber o UN Police was 1,677, today there are more than 14,500 UN Police deployed, an eightoldincrease.

Not only has the scale o UN policing expanded but the mandated tasks have become more com-plex. In the early missions UN Police were deployed primarily as observers, but ater 1989, peace-keeping operations gained increased importance as a tool or international peace and security andUN Police mandates grew more multiaceted.

Including:

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United Nations Police were rst tasked with institutional development in the 1990s, including inthe missions in Cambodia, Haiti, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 2003, almost all new man-dates have included reorm, restructuring and rebuilding tasks. Typically, these missions start withan assessment, which may include a census o police personnel, security sector mapping, and othereorts to evaluate the capacity o the national police service. Using this inormation, decienciescan be identied and plans to address them ormulated. Reorm eorts may include support or thevetting, training and certication o police and other law enorcement ocials as well as changesto the policy and legal ramework, administrative procedures and personnel management systems.These tasks require strong political support, resources and commitment rom the host-state Gov-ernment. In brie, such tasks require UN Police to support complex change management processesthat necessitate a high level o technical expertise in this area.

p - c.

UN Police are mandated to provide operational support to host-state police, in the areas o pub-lic order management, investigations, election security and security or camps or reugees andinternally displaced persons (IDPs). All missions with a mandate to provide operational supportalso have a mandate to protect civilians under imminent threat o physical violence. These mea-sures include preventative patrols in IDP camps, joint operations with United Nations militarycomponents, and capacity building o host-state police in these respective areas. The UN has longrecognized that the nature o security challenges conronting the international community and

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united nations poliCeseleCtion and reCruitment Kit

The Selection and Recruitment Kit, which was printed with generous support rom the Governmento Canada, is a comprehensive tool or Member States. The Kit contains all procedures, policies,rules, guidelines, applications, statutes and conventions pertaining to the selection and recruit-ment o police ocers. It was designed to contribute to a quicker and more accurate process. IMember States are better inormed about the process it will give the Police Division more time toconcentrate on analysis o the content o the inormation sent to us and less on the ormat. TheKit also describes predeployment training modules and explains how the Police Division can bettersupport Member States to ensure that both individual police ocers and ormed police units arewell-trained beore deployment.

United Nations Police Division

Ofce o Rule o Law and Security Institutions

Department o Peacekeeping Operations

United nations Police

selection and RecRUitment

ResoURce Kit

IntroductIon to

un PolIce SelectIon and

recruItment SectIon

IntroductIontounPolIceSelectIonandrecruItmentSectIon

The publication of this Kit was made possible in part withthe generous support of the Governmentof Canada.

1

Pr of es si on al ser vi ce la st in gi mP act

Welcome to the UN Police SelectioN aNd RecRUitmeNt

This Selection and Recruitment Resource Kit was compiled to assist UN Member States to meet

the challenge o seconding police ocers with the skills needed to eectively implement the

complex mandates o UNmissions. The Police Division has developed this Kit to guide MemberStates and peacekeeping centres through the selection and recruitment process step by step.

Asguidance andotherocial UnitedNationsdocumentationin thiskiti srevisedupdated material

willbesent toMemberS tatestosubst itutetheoutdatedones.Allinormat ioninthiskit isalso

availableontheUnitedNat ionsPolicewebsite( http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/sites/police/)andwill beregularlyupdated.

Background

The number o deployed UNPolice has increased dramaticall y over the past 20 years. In 1994 the

totalnumber o UNpol ice was less than 1,700. In 2011 it had increased eightold to more than

14,300.

As the scale o UNPolice deployment has increased the mandated tasks have become more

complex. In the early missions UNPolice were deployed primarily a s observers. However, rom

the mid-nineties the UNSecurity Councilha s assigned more complex tasks to UNPolice. These

include responsibilities:

1. To support the reorm, restructuring and rebuilding o nationalpolice and other law en-orcement institutions;

2. To provide operationalsupport to the host-state police; and

3. To carry out executive policing unctions as an interim measure untilthe local police

were able to perorm such unctions eectively, this i s specically true or Formed Police

Units or FPUs.

In 2012, the majority o UNPolice ocers are engaged in activities within the two rst categories.

Specialists required orreorm, restructuring and rebuilding tasks

As a consequence o this increased complexity o mandated tasks the skills required by UN Po-

lice ocers has evolved signicantly. The UNtoday needs police ocers with specialized skillsthat are not only capable police ocers in their own countries, but who can impart their skills in

a linguistically and culturally oreign, post-confict country.

Timely recruitment o appropriately-skilled personnelis one o the biggest challenges o the UN.

The inability to recruit and deploy appropriately experienced and qualied police personnelin atimely manner leads to a loss o valuable time and opportunities and undermines the credibility

and legitimacy o a mission.

Given that most missions today with a mandate including policing tasks ocus on institutionalcapacity-building o police and other law enorcement institutions, the main challenge is to deploy

adequate numbers o sta with the requisite police-related expertise in or example, changemanagement,organizational development,fnance,and administration . In addition, gen-eral abilities to transer knowledge eectively, e.g. interpersonalskills, language skills in

United nations Police

selection and RecRUitment

ResoURce Kit

un poliCinG sKill sets

Modern peacekeepings contribution to early peacebuilding demands successul interaction withthe authorities and the population in the country where the United Nations is deployed. This isparticularly important or UN peacekeepers involved in reorming and restructuring state and localstructures, such as police services, and means that UN Police ocers not only need specializedskills, they also need the interpersonal skills to impart these skills and communicate them duringcomplex reorm processes.

The Police Division must select police ocers with the right prole, in terms o both specializedand general skills assessed by the Selection Assistance and Assessment Team (SAAT). This is parto the rationale behind the expanded interview that these teams conduct. The Division has alsoharmonized the interview questions to ocus on skills and understanding o UN core values, includ-ing conduct and discipline as well as gender mainstreaming.

t n ac

Today a majority o individual UN Police ocers carry out tasks alling into the category o reorm,restructuring and rebuilding mandates. DPKO has developed a Standard Operating Procedurecalled the Assessment o Individual Police Ocers or Service in United Nations PeacekeepingOperations and Special Political Missions (AMS). It was developed ater a review o the SelectionAssistance Team (SAT) guidelines originally developed in 2005. In this process extensive consulta-tions were held with experts rom UN eld missions and Member States. The AMS is used by UNteams to assess police ocers in Member States and in the mission area. The harmonization othe processes makes the assessment more consistent and air, increases mobility and reduces thenumber o assessments. The name o the UN teams that conduct the assessments in Member Stateshas been changed rom Selection Assistance Team (SAT) to Selection Assistance and AssessmentTeam (SAAT) to better refect the assessment nature o the work o the team.

Police ocers looking to deploy to a UN mission must satisy the ollowing selection criteria:

Be competent in the mission language, both in speaking and in writing;

Have a valid driving license and be capable o driving a our-wheel-drive vehicle;

Be adaptable and comortable in dierent social and cultural environments;

Have the appropriate operational skills required or perormance o the duties o the appoint-ment or which they are selected;

Be knowledgeable about the overall Mission environment and the parties to the respectiveconfict;

Be capable o conducting investigations into alleged incidents, o analyzing the evidence, ando compiling and submitting actual and impartial reports.

In broad terms these are the Skill Sets that are sought by the Police Division or any given mission:

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S ki ll Set s E xp ert Profl es

1 M an ag em en t

Supervision/commandofpoliceunits Projectdesignandmanagement Institutionbuilding Organizationalplanning Policereformandrestructuring

2 Administration

Policeinfrastructureadministration Fiscalmanagement,budgetdevelopment,payrollsystemmanagement,nancialauditing Procurement,logistics,assetsmanagement,eetmanagement,tendersandcontracts Humanresourcesmanagement Internalaffairs,disciplinemanagement Auditandinspectionofpoliceunits Legalsupportandlegaldrafting

3

Police

Operations/

Security

Planningandrunningcriticalpolice/securityoperations(elections,demonstrations,publicevents,etc.) Publicorder(FPU-related)

VIPprotectionandsecurity Trafcmanagement Airportsecurityandsecurityofotherstrategicinfrastructures Bordersecurity,customs,riversidepolice,immigration,etc. Transnationalcrimeoperations,Interpol,operationstocombattrafckinginhumanbeings,

drugsandweapons

Specialpolice(SWAT,rapidreactionunits,antiterrorist,undercoveroperations)

4

Crime

Management/

Crime

Prevention

Crimescenemanagement Suspect/witnessinterview Crimeinvestigation(seriouscrimes,fraud,homicide,burglary,SGBV,etc.) Criminalrecords/databasemanagement Crime/dataanalysis,crimetrendrecognition Criminalintelligenceanalysisandmanagement Forensicsincludingcrimesceneandevidencepreservation,ngerprints,ballistics,rearmexamination,

DNA,pathology,handwritingandfraudulentdocumentsidentication,moneycounterfeiting,etc.

Communitypolicing Traditionalpolicing(paramount,tribal,nomad-focused,etc.)

5 Tr ain ing

Trainingorganizationandmanagement Trainingcurriculumandtrainingplansdevelopment Generaltrainingdelivery(includingin-servicetraining)intheareasofbasictraining,leader-

shiptraining,generalpolicing,policelegislation,ethics,etc.

Tacticaltrainingincludingtraininginselfdefence,policeformations,proceduressuchasarrest,search,detention,etc.

Weaponshandlingtraining(nonlethalandrearms) Languagetraining

6Technical

Support

Weaponry:armourymanagementandinspection,gunsmith,weaponsafetyandstorage,shoot-ingrangeconstruction,explosiveshandling,etc.

IT:databasedevelopmentandadministration,systemdesign,computerprogramming,networkspecialists,etc.

Communication:radioanddatacommunicationsystemestablishmentandmanagement,policeradionetworkinstallationandmaintenance,etc.

Policesurveillance:equipmentinstallation,runningoperations,useofevidence,etc. Publicinformation Civilengineering:constructionprojects,buildingstandards,architecture,buildingplandevelopment,etc. Medicalservices

Illustration: Nora Rosansky

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Formed poliCe units

The Police Division is constantly working to enhance the operational capabili-ties o Formed Police Units or FPUs. These units are a core pillar o UN capacityto provide saety and security in peacekeeping operations. The Security Councilcontinues to mandate their deployment and today there are 56 FPUs in six Mis-sions (Cte dIvoire/ONUCI, Democratic Republic o the Congo/MONUSCO, Haiti/MINUSTAH, Liberia/UNMIL, Darur, Sudan/UNAMID, and Timor-Leste/UNMIT).

The Police Division continues working to improve the level o proessionalism oFPU ocers. Together with Member States and practitioners rom the eld, theDivision is in the process o reviewing the predeployment assessment proceduresor the Special Police Assessment Team (SPAT). New criteria will be detailed in anew standard operation procedure that will be approved in 2012.

To ensure that the FPUs deployed to the eld missions meet the operational re-

quirements, the Police Division conducts regular operational assessments o theequipment and in case o shortalls addresses the issue with the concerned Per-manent Missions to ll the gaps. The role o the Member States that contributeFPUs is critical.

p tg Fpu

Ater a successul rst course in India last year, the second United Nations FormedPolice Unit (FPU) Train-the-Trainer Course took place at the Botswana Police Col-lege in Otse, the Republic o Botswana rom 16 April to 25 May this year. Thecourse was organized by the Police Division and the Integrated Training Service incooperation with the Government o the Republic o Botswana.

The six-week course was attended by 48 participants rom 20 Member States. De-livering the training were 11 international police experts in public order manage-ment and rearms. All trainees successully completed the course and were certi-ed as United Nations FPU Trainers. Following this training the Police Divisionnow has a database o 159 certied UN FPU instructors. Some o these trainerswill deliver UN Standardized Predeployment Training in their countries or throughregional police training hubs. This important initiative, which helps address someo the undamental problems that DPKO has aced with the increased deploymento FPUs, was sponsored by the Governments o Canada and the United States oAmerica.

This training represents the culmination o a multi-year, comprehensive UN eort,

which included pilot trainings in the United States and in Russia, the deploymento Mobile Training Teams to six peacekeeping operations, and the developmentand renement o the United Nations FPU curriculum that was delivered at therst course in India and the second one in Botswana.

This training enables the UN to expand the international team o police trainers,who can, in turn, train police ocers rom around the world to work togetheraccording to the same operational standards despite dierences o countries,languages, backgrounds and cultures.

UN Photo

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MeMber StateS

Early planning o the Selection Assistance and Assessment Team (SAAT) visits is crucial to theirsuccess. In 2011, the Police Division conducted 29 SAATs visits covering 45 countries. Out o the16,644 police ocers assessed, approximately 30 per cent passed. Even though the SAATs savemoney and increase the eciency o the UN mission due to less repatriation this remains a costlyprocedure. The Police Division hopes that Member States can work with the UN to better preparecandidates so that the percentage o candidates that pass the assessment increases. For its part,the Police Division provides a list o required skills twice a year to Member States to allow them tobetter pre-select candidates. Contributing countries should make sure to undertake preparationsand exercises to increase the number o candidates that pass these assessments.

Member States are also encouraged to acilitate womens participation through specially tailoredpre-selection training and other measures.

Member States are responsible or the nomination o candidates. The Police Division selects police

ocers rom this designated pool o ocers. Member States may not always be able to providethe police skills that are required or eective implementation o mandated police tasks. Theymay also need those skills at home or in some cases they may not develop those skill sets in theirnational service. This can be particularly true because UN Police are oten mandated to assist withrestructuring and rebuilding national police services.

The other area that is crucial or the Police Division is nding the right candidates or leadershippositions. The Police Division is constantly looking or Police Commissioners, to lead peacekeepingpolice contingents and Senior Police Advisers or special political missions. These senior ocersmust be skilled managers, able to think strategically and able to engage eectively with the na-tional authorities in the countries where they are serving.

Another critical issue that needs to be adequately addressed by Member States is the deploymento qualied ocers within the command sta to ensure an eective command and control struc-ture o FPUs. These ocers also need to be accomplished and experienced managers.

FPU oFFicers AUthorized FemAle oFFicers

moNUsco 1,050 1,050 90

UNmil 843 845 120

miNUstAh 1,684 2,100 99

UNAmid 2,238 2,660 37

UNoci 999 1,000 0

UNmit 490 490 2

Total: 7,304 8,145 348

FPU Dplomn

Bangladesh

Rwanda

India

SierraLeone

Nigeria

Gambia

Ghana

169

131119

77

63 6050

46 44 38

Cameroon

Philippines

UnitedRepublic

ofTanzania

200

160

120

80

40

top tn Conuos o Fml UN Polc Ofcs Jun 2012

2,000

1,200

1,000

1,800

800

1,600

600

200

1,400

400

0

Jordan

Bangladesh

India

Nepal

Senegal

Pakistan

Nigeria

Rwanda

Egypt

Ghana

Individual

FPU

UN Polc top tn Conuos Jun 2012

1,9581,905

1,054

799739 735

661

458

287421

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jUly 201

UNItEdNAtIONsPOlICEspeCializationin aCtion


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preventinG and investiGatinGsexual and Gender-BasedCrime in haiti

In late 2010 the Norwegian Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York and the PoliceDivision launched a small pilot project in Haiti. Designed to impact on the police expertise avail-able in the Haitian National Police to address sexual and gender-based crimes, ve specializedNorwegian police ocers joined the UN Police in Haiti. All the deployed ocers had proessionalbackgrounds in the investigation o sexual oences and homicide and experience in pedagogy andtraining.

The innovation included deploying and rotating experts so that each new ocer worked or sixmonths with the ocer he or she was replacing. This helped guarantee smooth and comprehensivehandovers and knowledge retention. The project also includes unding or the construction andequipping o oces rom which special gender units can work.

Having unds to invest, the present Project Manager Jon Christian Moller explains, gives us aneasier and more eective way o working and it makes us accountable or how the money is spent.

tg

The training teaches techniques and skills and gives general knowledge to Haitian police ocersabout how to prevent, investigate and prosecute sexual and gender-based crimes. The UN Policeare only training Haitian trainers who are themselves responsible or training Haitian NationalPolice ocers. Some o the rst trainings were or instructors as the Police Academy in Port-au-Prince, and then trainings began or trainers in central and northern regions o Haiti. The UN Policeprovide essential support or the Haitian trainers, but the courses are directed by Haitians.

To date the trainers have trained 326 Haitian National Police ocers. In July 2012, training-o-trainers will begin in the southern regions o the country. The goal is to train 500 HNP ocers byOctober 2012.

Other Canadian and Swedish ocers, with years o experience investigating serious sexual oencesand homicide, are helping with this project and Gender Focal Points working in the peacekeepingoperation (MINUSTAH) monitor how the newound knowledge is being applied by Haitian NationalPolice (HNP). This provides eedback or the UN Police on the impact that the training is having.For example in the region o Artibonite, the Gender Focal Point witnessed how a victim o a sexualcrime who came to the police station to report the crime, was not interviewed in the overcrowdedstation, but instead was taken to a private location where she could speak condentially. This is

exactly the type o situations and conduct explained in the training.

Bg

At the end o 2011 a suite o oces or the HNP National Coordinator or gender and womens aairswas opened in Port-au-Prince and in June o this year another oce was opened in Ouanaminthein the northeast o the country. These oces are ully equipped with all essential material, includ-ing cameras, computers, printers and oce urniture, or them to unction eciently. The projectenvisages opening an additional six to eight oces in regional capitals by October o this year.

Some oces are modular constructions and others will be created by renovating areas o existingpolice stations. Combining training with practical inrastructure improvements reinorces the levelo commitment rom police ocers and overcomes administrative obstacles that could get in theway o implementing best practices or investigating these crimes.

This project is a good example o combining specialized ocers who are highly experienced in aparticular eld and who have knowledge o training to boost the specic expertise. Adding a smallamount o unding to construct the inrastructure and providing material needed to ensure that thenational ocers trained will be able to apply the knowledge urther supports the implementationo the training. It also adds to the accountability o both the trainers and the trainees. The UNPolice are responsible or the budget and the Haitian National Police ocers own and work out othe new oces.

This has been a very good experience, explained Moller. Our most important lesson is that thekey to success is local ownership. We have involved the HNP at every single step o the processand today we are only organizing, evaluating and administrating the courses. All the instruction isdone by HNP trainers and an added value to this is that by educating regional Haitian police train-ers, we have also strengthened the local capacity in the gender branch o the police.

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Opening

oftherenovatedofficeinOuanaminthe,

Haiti.(UNPhoto)

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aCtual / authorized / Female deployment oF un poliCe in peaCeKeepinG missions (June 2012)

MINURSO

Western Sahara

6 / 6 / 0

MINUSTAH

Haiti

2,866 / 3,241 / 249

UNMIL

Liberia

1,319 / 1,375 /176

UNOCI

Cte dIvoire

1,375 / 1,350 / 35

MONUSCO

D. R. Congo

1,375 / 1,441 / 148

(FPU)

(FPU)(FPU)

(FPU)

UNMISS

South Sudan

490 / 900 / 75

UNISFA

Abyei

0 / 50 / 0

UNMIK

Kosovo

6 / 8 / 0

UNFICYP

Cyprus

68 / 69 / 9

UNAMA*

Afghanistan

4 / 8 / 1

UNMIT

Timor-Leste

1,210 / 1,608 / 112

UNAMID

Darfur (Sudan)

5,379 / 6,432 / 549

TOTAL UN POLICE

14,098/ 16,488 / 1,354

(FPU) includes Formed Police Units

(FPU)

(FPU)

Note: More than 30 UN Police are in U

(Somalia) and the integrated UN mis

BNUB (Burundi), BINUCA (Central A

Republic), UNIOGBIS (Guinea-Bissau), U

(Iraq) and UNIPSIL (Sierra Leone). Themissions are administered by the U

Nations Department o Political Aairs

* UNAMA is a political miss

administered by the Dep

ment o Peacekeeping Options (DPKO).

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UN SUPPOrt MiSSiON iN Libya the LeaN MaChiNe

The situation in Libya is unlike others in which a United Nations mission is typically deployed. InLibya, there was a clear victory or the revolutionaries; there is signicant political and popularcommitment to change and to establish eective, democratic institutions; and there are resourcesto und the resurrection o Libya. Thats why United Nations envisaged the need or a dierentkind o response.

The strong Libyan drive or change, coupled with a deeply engrained suspicion o outsiders andgrowing nancial austerity, led to a mission design that puts a premium on leanness, fexibilityand ocus. Throughout the mission, the mantra has been quality and expertise rather than quan-tity. Interim Senior Police Adviser Mr. Shari al-Omari, rom Jordan, is currently heading a teamo only nine UN Police specialists, who are experts in training, planning, election security andinormation technology. Many o these experts, especially in the early and planning stages, camerom the Standing Police Capacity, which has been instrumental in supporting the establishmento this mission.

Despite its small size, the UN Police team has been engaged in a host o activities, includingproviding support to the Ministry o the Interior (MOI), acilitating training delivery, helping theLibyan police in preparing or the elections and working with the European Union on border man-agement issues. Many countries expressed an interest in helping Libya and Libyan authorities earlyon asked the UN political mission (UNSMIL) to help coordinate all oers o assistance.

Helping with coordination has been a pivotal role that aects all the other areas o support. UNPolice are providing strategic advice and guidance to the MOI to help lay the oundation or re-orming the Libyan police service. To this end, its priority role is to ocus on the immediate needsand requests o the Libyan police, including mobilizing and coordinating international support tothe Libyan police; assisting in the integration eorts o revolutionaries into the police service andcontributing to a sae and secure electoral process. In response to several requests rom the MOIto improve the eectiveness o policing operations, UNSMIL has embedded ve police advisers/experts to assist the Libyan police in the areas o training, logistics, election security and mediaoutreach. An UNSMIL police expert was also deployed to Benghazi to provide technical advice tothe security elements and coordinate the training o Libyan police, mainly in the area o electionsecurity.

The July election is the milestone that Libyans are looking toward to consolidate the reedom wonin the revolution. In part, the legitimacy o the election will rest upon the ability o Libyans tovote reely and in a secure environment. UNSMIL has played a tremendous role in ensuring that

elections can take place: that the necessary legislation, regulations and organizations are in place,that ballots are printed and that election sta have been trained. Electoral security is an urgentpriority in which the Libyan authorities had requested assistance. UNSMIL assigned police expertsto work with the MOI Election Security Committee. They are assisting with the development o anelection security plan including training. Together with police advisers rom several embassies inTripoli, UNSMIL police have conducted train-the-trainer courses or more than 600 police trainersrom seven training centres and Directorates in Libya.

Security will remain an issue beyond the elections. Moving orward, UN Police will assist with in-tegrating ormer ghters into the police service. They will continue to work closely with the otherparts o the mission responsible or human rights and the rule o law, or security sector reorm andor demobilization and reintegration.

These are big tasks that UNSMIL will continue to address with a small core sta, relying on addi-tional expertise that will be brought onboard as needs arise and requests are received rom Libyanauthorities. UNSMIL will continue to adapt, while remaining a lean machine. No more, no less.

S

pecialRepresentativeoftheUNSecretary-GeneralIanMartinhandsoveracertificate

d

uringapoliceofficergraduationceremonyheldinTripoliinApril2012.(UN

Photo/IasonFo

ounten)

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developinG thementorinG sKills oFpoliCe peaCeKeepers

In April, 26 UN Police and Corrections ocers rom six missions re-ceived training at the Regional Training and Service Center in Entebbe,Uganda on how to teach mentoring skills to colleagues charged withdeveloping national specialist capacities in sectors ranging rom po-lice, corrections and justice to human rights, security sector reorm andmine action.

The two-day training-o-trainers course was developed by the DPKO O-ce o Rule o Law and Security Institutions to bolster the mentoringskills o UN Police and corrections ocers deployed across 18 peace-keeping operations and special political missions.

As peacekeeping mandates have evolved to require the strengtheningo national rule o law institutions and the development o capacity inspecialist areas, DPKO has deployed thousands o seconded police o-cers and hundreds o seconded corrections ocers who are expectednot only to be substantive experts in their technical elds, but also totranser knowledge to host country counterparts.

This course, developed with support rom the Governments o Italy andthe United Kingdom, represents a rst attempt at conveying mentoringskills and perormance expectations to peacekeeping mentors.

The course guided mentors on how to conduct a needs assessmentand establish SMART (specic, measureable, achievable, relevant, andtimely) objectives and a mentoring plan with the mentee, which shouldrefect both national priorities and mission mandated tasks. Mentorstaking the course also benet rom interactive sessions designed torefect practical peacekeeping scenarios, in which a range o communi-cation and coaching skills are rehearsed. Even ater a mentor and men-tee establish a trusting relationship and mentoring plan, the mentorwill routinely have to negotiate, solve problems and give constructiveeedback.

The course will now be delivered to mentors in all o the missions

that participated in the course, including MONUSCO, UNOCI, UNMIT,UNMISS, UNPOS and MINUSTAH. The DPKO Standing Police Capacityand Integrated Training Service (ITS) participated as well. In June, thecourse lead by ITS, was delivered to some 60 UN police ocers in Haiti.

A course or supervising mentors will also be developed. The initiativewill be evaluated rom its inception to gauge the transer o knowl-edge rom mentors to mentees and the extent to which this transer oknowledge improves institutional unctioning.

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UNItEdNAtIONs

POlICEGloBaleFFort

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In 2009 the Police Division launched the

Global Eort to increase the number o

emale police ofcers working or the

United Nations. The goal set by the United

Nations was or at least 20 per cent o

UN Police serving the Organization to be

emale by the end o 2014.

Due to the act that UN Police are deployed or six to eighteen months, gures fuc-tuate dramatically month to month as ormed police units and individual ocersare moved in and out o missions. In January o this year emale ocers made upmore than 10 per cent o the 14,000 UN Police deployed, at the beginning o Junethat percentage had dropped to 9.4.

Out o the 85 UN Police sta members, 14 are emale, representing 16 per cent. Inleadership positions today the DPKO Police Adviser and the Senior Police Adviserin Sierra Leone are emale.

This was always an ambitious goal, but the Police Division and the leadership othe United Nations remain determined to reach it. As they need the support oMember States to do so, part o the strategy was to encourage Member States toalso increase the number o emale police ocers in their domestic police servicesand to support partners, making it possible or them to send more policewomen tothe United Nations.

These women have proven to have an important infuence on national police ser-vices more women join these services and in many cases state that having seenUN emale ocers was one o the reasons or signing up. There have been evenmore direct infuences. The Minister o Justice o Liberia Christiana Tah announcedher intention in 2010 to reach the same milestone, 20 per cent by the end o 2014,and in recent discussion at UNHQ she stated that the Liberian National Police ispresently 16 per cent emale and that more than 30 per cent o Border Securitypolice were now emale.

The Government o Rwanda is aiming even higher. Its Constitution stipulates that30 per cent o its police service must be emale. The Minister o Internal Security

or Rwanda announced in May o this year that the police service is 19 per centemale and that the Government is aiming to achieve its 30 per cent goal by 2014.

The top emale police contributing country is Bangladesh. The majority o Bangla-deshi emale police ocers are deployed in Formed Police Units (185) as comparedto the 103 individually deployed ocers provided by Rwanda, the ourth largestprovider. Bangladesh has a very small percentage o emale police ocers in itsnational service, but in 2011 an all emale Armed Police Battalion was established.

Ghana and Sierra Leone have more than 15 per centin their national services and Nigeria has more than12 per cent, all three are top ten providers o emalepolice ocers.

Indonesia, which is in the process o more than dou-bling its contribution o uniormed peacekeepers andrecently oered to provide the UN with three militaryhelicopters, has also taken on board the UN GlobalEort and has prepared and trained 50 emale policeocers who are now ready or deployment.

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traininG poliCe toaddress sexual andGender-Based Crimes

Two training courses on the newly developed UN Police Standardized Training Curriculum on Pre-venting and Investigating Sexual and Gender-based Violence in Post-confict Environment weredelivered to UN Police and their host-state counterparts in Arican-based UN eld missions inMarch 2012.

Forty-three police ocers rom 18 countries were trained, o which 65 per cent were emale. Thecourses were conducted in English (22 participants) and in French (21 participants). Twelve UNPolice ocers were accompanied by 29 host-state police ocers rom nine countries - Burundi,Central Arican Republic, Cote dIvoire, Democratic Republic o Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Libya, SouthSudan and Sudan. The courses were taught by ve certied instructors rom Cameroon, Ghana,Rwanda, Senegal and the United States o America.

The Police Adviser Ann-Marie Orler opened the course together with the Inspector General o theUgandan Police, Lieutenant General Kale Kayihura and the Permanent Secretary o the Ministry oInternal Aairs, Mr. Kagoda Stephen Paul.

Ensuring protection o vulnerable persons against crimes related to sexual and gender-basedviolence is one o the priority issues that I am addressing in my time as the UN Police Adviser.As UN Police assist in the rebuilding and restructuring o host-state police institutional capacity,and mentor, train and build the proessional capacity o our national counterparts, addressingsexual and gender-based crimes must be part o every step o our planning and implementation,explained Ms. Orler.

The two courses, which took place at the UN Regional Service Centre in Entebbe, marked the sixthpilot regional training-o-trainers course. In 2011, ve pilot regional courses were held in thePhilippines, Rwanda (English and French), Germany and Uruguay. A total o 146 police trainersrom 62 countries were certied.

The UN Police Division continues to stress a gender-sensitive agenda. In February, 15 police com-missioners and senior police advisers agreed to seven commitments on gender during the heads opolice components annual conerence. The commitments involved integrating/applying a genderperspective into each step o reorming and rebuilding the police service in the host-state andproviding training or UN Police ocers and the host-state police on preventing and investigatingsexual and gender-based crimes. They also highlighted empowering emale police peacekeepersand emale host-state police ocers and rigorously implementing the UN Police Gender Guidelines

and UN Police Best Practices Toolkit to ensure that UN Police are role models.

interview

Ms. Janice McClean is the Senior Po-lice Adviser in the United NationsIntegrated Peacebuilding Ofce inSierra Leone (UNIPSIL). She is romthe United Kingdom o Great Britainand Northern Ireland. Today the UK hasseconded our police ocers to work inUN missions, two male and two emale.Senior Police Adviser McClean was de-ployed to Sierra Leone in May last year.Here she responds to questions rom theUN Police Magazine editor about howshe came to join the UN, her experience,her duties, her day-to-day work, lessons

learned and advice she has or otherprospective UN Police ocers.

Q. How long have you worked as Unit-ed Nations Senior Police Adviser?

Senior Police Adviser Janice McClean(JMC): I took on this role in May 2011so am just completing one year now. Ihave renewed or a urther year. I havepreviously worked as the ContingentCommander and Head o the War CrimesUnit or the European Union Police Mis-sion in Bosnia & Herzegovina (2003-4)and as a senior investigator in the UNInternational Independent Investiga-tion Commission in Lebanon (now theSTC in The Hague).

Q. How did you learn about the joband how were you recruited?

JMC: Having previously worked abroador my Government, my skills and experi-ence were already known. I was contact-ed and selected by the UK Foreign Ocethrough the Stabilization Unit and putorward to interview or this post.

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Q. What were your duties in your national service?

JMC: I joined the London Metropolitan Police in 1982 as a Police Constable andhave worked in both uniorm and detective roles. I have worked in many dierentareas both in HQ at Scotland Yard, and on Police Divisions, known as Boroughs,in public order, community policing, response policing, hostage negotiation andcrisis intervention, sexual oences investigation, child protection, and many otherroles. In my last role I led the development and implementation across all LondonBoroughs o the Proceeds o Crime teams. We took the cash o criminals. It wasvery satisying. Beore that I was the crime commander o the London Borough oGreenwich.

Q. Considering your proessional background, what skills/knowledge havebeen instrumental or you to carry out your present responsibilities?

JMC: I think it was useul that my experience has been very broad. My orce allowsyou to try many dierent things so that when it comes to working on a Mission andin particular this one, there are ew areas o policing I have not experienced. I have

walked the beat and been in riots, managed budgets and tackled corruption. I otensay the only issue I have not come across in London is attacks on the population bywild animals as we have here in some o the orests. I also was a lawyer beore join-ing the police and the studying helps me to assimilate acts quickly. It is always he lp-ul to have a good knowledge o the local legislation and I was interested to see thathere in Sierra Leone the old larceny acts are still in use I last looked at those as ayoung undergraduate studying under the now ormer Irish President Mary McAleesein Trinity College, Dublin University. I was a uniorm inspector in Southwark Boroughand there is a airly large concentration o West Arican people still living there. Apartrom the weather I oten eel there are lots o the same issues.

Q. As the Senior Police Adviser or the United Nations in the integrated mis-sion in Sierra Leone, what are your duties?

JMC: My role is to assist the Mission in the capacity building o the Sierra LeonePolice. I am part o the Senior Management team within the Mission so that to-gether with my colleagues in Human Rights, Democratic Institutions, Political A-airs, and Strategic Planning or the UN Country Team we progress the developmento the rule o law. I also sit on the Sierra Leone Police Executive Management Boardand several other committees where I have a voice in advising on their policy andprocedures, directing various training eorts by other donors and NGOs, and re-source inputs into the most appropriate place.

Q. Can you describe three areas where you have made headway in implement-

ing the mandate o UNIPSIL?

JMC: In the adoption o the new Constitution o the Local Policing Partnership Board(LPPB) and mainstreaming the use o them into police decision making; in pushingthem to engage ully with all political parties in the planning and development otheir coming Election Policing Plan and in the increasing development o counter-narcotics and serious crime operations with the Transnational Organized Crime Unit.

Q. Can you describe the work that your ofce does to help national authorities reorm andproessionalize the Sierra Leone police service?

JMC: As I mentioned above a lot o the criminal legislation needs to be brought up to date andI advise on these matters. The key ministry is the Ministry o Internal Aairs or the governanceo policing and this is where I channel my advice, or example with regard to the creation o theIndependent Police Complaints Board. I have a seat on the National Security Council Co-ordinatingBoard and as the police have taken on more national security issues, away rom the military, myrole within the Oce o National Security ONS is also becoming more demanding.

Visit to Bo, Sierra Leone. (UN Photo)

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Q. Can you highlight areas where the UN works as one on policing questions?

JMC: I have ound that working in an integrated Mission makesthe policing element more relevantandothers understand that the oundation o all rule o law issues is eective policing. Translatingthe highest standards o human rights into dealing with the messy reality o everyday lie is greatlyassisted by having my UNIPSIL human rights colleagues and political and civil aairs colleaguesnext door. The lines o communication can fow much more smoothly and understanding o thecompromises that sometimes have to be made, in order to achieve the longer term aims.Q. Will you give us an update on how the implementation o the West Arican Crime Initia-tive (WACI) is going in Sierra Leone?

JMC: Under the auspices o the West Arican Crime Initiative (WACI) Sierra Leone has developed aTransnational Organized Crime Unit (TOCU). This developed rom a Joint Drugs Interdiction Task Forceset up by my predecessor and has been highly supported by donors over the years. Currently we aredeveloping an HQ building, orensic capacity and maritime capability. The team have just taken de-livery o a small boat in order to combat illegal tracking and shing activities. The key part or meto make this succeed, as Senior Adviser, is in attracting skilled, practical, operational, international

ocers to work with them, developing policing tactics and skills, understanding budgets and plan-ning o crime operations, and the national justice ramework that they have to work within. The TOCUhas about 55 police ocers and agents rom Interpol, the Anti-Corruption Commission, Revenue Au-thority etc., and the various national intelligence agencies. They also have nancial investigators sothat they can ollow up the bigger sh in these complex investigations. The UN Police that join haveto be up to speed with current policing methods and also with what is happening internationally inthe criminal world. Training skills are not so essential as a good investigative mind, and willingnessto go out on the plot, as we say in London, with the team. They also bring in intelligence romtheir own countries, which help the national team understand that they are developing into part othe wide international picture o policing and have their part to play.

Q. What has been the most satisying part o working as a Senior Police Adviser?

JMC: The growing trust and openness that has been placed in me by the Sierra Leone Police them-selves. I had a hard act to ollow; my predecessor had been here or about ve years and was verywell known and respected across the orce. Now ocers talk to me more openly than at rst, andI can act as an intermediary in many issues with the Management Board. I also like the act thatI have a small but more specialist team than in the big Peacekeeping commands. Each ocer hasto work more strategically and understand the political implications o the various areas they workin so I also get a chance to mentor them more closely than would happen otherwise. Its noteasy but the rewards are much higher.

Q. What has been the best part o your experience in Sierra Leone?

JMC: I thought originally that I would only wish to deploy or a year but as I prepared or myinterview or this role, and learned more about the country, I realised that I would have to givemore o my time to this. It is not air to arrive, spend months getting to know the key players andbuild up mutual trust only to walk away. We have elections in November and o course I need tosee those through. For me the most rewarding experience will be those elections passing peace-ully and airly and any changes o Government as a result, taking place in a good way.

Q. What has been the most difcult aspect o carrying out your role as Senior Police Adviser?

JMC: Time. There is never enough time to do all the things that we would like to do and I nd itstressul at times when I have issues back in the UK to manage.

Q. What have you learned since working or the United Nations?

JMC: So much. I get rustrated with the bureaucracy parallels, that is, my orce has over 55,000people in it so I am used to trying to make cogs move in a huge engine, but the UN is always slightlydierent. You can never assume that what you have said or written will be easily understood.

Q. What experience or skills have you garnered rom your work as a UN Police ofcial thatcould help you with your job and duties in your national police service?

JMC: It has been a real eye opener working here in West Arica ater so much experience o dealingwith West Arican citizens in south London. I do literally eel I understand a lot better where theyare coming rom and what a huge cultural gul exists between them and UK citizens. We did a loto cultural diversity awareness raising-type trainings with my orce throughout my service but still,

until you live here, there is no way that you can understand. Just be open minded.

Q. For other police ofcers, male and emale, thinking about joining the UN what advicewould you give them?

JMC: Do so! In the UK we are only just coming back into the UN old with contracted ocers. Thehard part is getting into a role that suits the individual and the organization. I eel that I havebeen very ortunate because I am in a country with a very similar policing set-up to my own, somy experiences are relevant. That is the key to it working best or all parties the UN, the hostcountry and the individual. I really appreciate the realisation that policing is not about brawn butbrain within the UN and the traditional view that women can play a supportive role is just simplynot countenanced at UNHQ. O course I still meet many less enlightened colleagues but their placeis very limited in this game.

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un ContriButes todevelopment oFsomali poliCe

The Somali Police Force (SPF) received equipment donated by theGovernment o Japan through the United Nations Political Oce orSomalia (UNPOS) Trust Fund in the capital Mogadishu in May. Thedonation came as part o the eort to rebuild the SPF, which hasincluded the training o 500 police ocers, the development o abiometric data base or the SPF and the payment o salaries in 2011.

This support was given to reinorce the SPF and allow it to providesecurity in Mogadishu and around Somalia. The equipment includeda motor transport feet o 15 pick-up trucks, two troop personnelcarriers, two ambulances, 1,800 ballistic helmets and sets o hand-

cus, 1,068 VHF radio handsets, 20 Motorola VHF mobile (base)radio sets, eight communication masts, 1,800 bullet proo jacketsand new musical instruments or the police band. These items wereprocured through the UN Trust Fund with a generous contributionrom the Government o Japan.

Present at the ceremony in Mogadishu were the Somali Prime Min-ister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, the Minister o Interior and NationalSecurity Abdisamad Mohamud Moalin, the Somali Police Commis-sioner Shari Sekhuna Mayi, the Deputy Prime Minister and Ministero Deence Hussein Arab Essa, the UN Special Representative o theSecretary-General Augustine Mahiga and the Japanese AmbassadorToshihisa Takata.

The Government o Japan had contributed $US 20 million to theUNPOS Trust Fund to support training, procurement o equipment,construction o police stations and payment o stipends. The Gov-ernment donated a urther $US 10 million to help build the capacityo the Ministry o Interior and National Security and the SPF.

I would like to emphasize that Japan is keen to continue with oursupport or the Transitional Federal Government and in particularthe SPF, stated Ambassador Takata during the ceremony.

I would like to thank the Government o Japan or its contin-

ued commitment and contribution towards improving the humanresources and operational capacities o the Somali Police Force. Ourlong-term goal is to contribute to the development o a Somali-owned national police, upholding principles o national ownershipand the rule o law, with a view to contributing to the provisiono security and access to justice services in protecting the Somalipeople, stated the Special Representative o the Secretary-GeneralMahiga during the ceremony.

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un poliCe support toeleCtoral proCess inGuinea-Bissau

Following the sudden death o the President Malam Bacai Sanh o Guinea-Bissau inearly January 2012, an Interim President was nominated. The National Electoral Com-mission (CNE), in close consultation with all political parties, decided to organizenew elections within 60 days as proscribed by the electoral law.

Due to the act that the last census in Guinea-Bissau took place in March 2009, theyouth population, not counted in the census but eligible to vote, had to be registeredwithin this 60-day timerame. Many groups did not consider this adequate which cre-ated high levels o tension in the country.

On 20 February 2012, groups o young people organized a demonstration to protestagainst the decision taken by the CNE. The protesters claimed that their voting rightswere being violated. Tempers fared, tensions rose and the situation quickly got outo hand. The police were called in to intervene and while trying to control the dem-onstration, the Bissau-Guinean military arrived at the scene and clashed with theBissau-Guinean police. Several police ocers were injured.

Following this unrest, the protesters threatened to organize another demonstrationin collaboration with politicians. Due to the rising tension between the police andthe military, the UN took immediate action and held multiple meetings with nationalleaders. The authorities requested the participation o the integrated UN mission(UNIOGBIS) and international observers to help mediate the tension between thesetwo security institutions. As a result, a Joint Command Task Force (JCTF) was estab-lished, made up o representatives o the military and police.

ec d

During the electoral process, the JCTF, with the ull support o UNIOGBIS, was able tokeep the situation calm. On 18 March, the day o the rst round o the presidentialelection, a JCTF mixed team established several smaller mixed patrol teams and begantheir joint operations which covered the capital Bissau and polling stations aroundthe country. The UNIOGBIS Police Reorm Unit provided technical assistance and lo-gistical support, as well as providing the JCTF team with transportation to travel todierent regions outside o the capital where road conditions and access to pollingstations was extremely dicult.

The election was carried out successully to the credit o the people o Guinea-Bissauand the JCTF. This was not just a view held by UNIOGBIS Police, but also by all inter-national observers who were present to monitor and watch the counting o the votes.National authorities thanked UNIOGBIS or their commitment and support.

Despite these promising events, the second round o the presidential election sched-uled to take place in April, was derailed when the military staged a coup and took theleading contender or the Presidency into custody. The UN is working with the AricanUnion and regional Governments to help nd a solution to the crisis.

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in BrieF

F-tck pc ic

Modular Design PartnershipThe Police Division and the Engineering Standardize Design Centre (ESDC) in the United NationLogistics Base in Brindisi, Italy developed a partnership to draw up architectural plans or a modu-lar policing inrastructure. The standardized modular structures are being designed to be easily,quickly and inexpensively deployed. The goal o the project is to make it possible or UN Policeand national counterparts in countries where the UN is deployed to be able to construct or obtainstandard modules that can be used and linked to create standardized police stations, oces, ac-commodations, training acilities, police cells, mobile police centres, armouries, command andcontrol centres and police academies. Designs have already been made or a 200-ocer modularormed police unit base and a 100-ocer police station (see illustration).

s- s s C

In the last six months the Standing Police Capacity nished its start-up deployment to the UnitedNations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). The specialized ocers sent to South Sudan providedleadership, administrative, legal, reorm and training assistance or the new peacekeeping opera-tions. Among the key accomplishments were the acilitation o the screening and registration o52,000 South Sudan Police Service (SSPS) ocers, active involvement in the protection o civiliansand livestock. A Strategic Training Plan to be used by the Government rom 2012 to 2015 wasdeveloped with and approved by the Minister o Interior.

reGional peaCeKeepinGmeetinG in indonesia worKs todevelop strateGiC GuidanCeFor un poliCe

With global demand or international police peacekeeping on the rise, a regional meeting to denethe guidelines or police work in peacekeeping missions was held in Semarang, Indonesia in June.The meeting drew participation rom more than a dozen countries in the Asia-Pacic region.

The Semarang meeting, held at the Jakarta Centre or Law Enorcement Cooperation (JCLEC), wasthe rst in a series o regional consultations designed to help UN Member States provide the bestpossible police expertise in peacekeeping operations, based on the development o a commonStrategic Guidance Framework or international police peacekeeping. This is a once in a genera-tion opportunity, explained Andrew Carpenter, the Chie o the Strategic Policy and DevelopmentSection o the UN Police Division. An endeavour like this has never happened beore, where weget together and dene UN police work.

In addition to growing in numbers, UN Police have also seen the scope o their responsibilitiesexpand into many new areas beyond the traditional monitoring and evaluation o host countrypolice operations, including the prevention o gender-based violence and combating transnationalorganized crime. The development o the strategic guidance ramework will help UNPOL denewho we are and how we go about ullling our tasks, Mr. Carpenter explained. Besides setting thestandards or UN police peacekeeping, the guidance ramework is intended as a tool that can guideregional organizations and bilateral partners in international police peacekeeping.

Mr. Terry Nunn, Police Adviser to the Australian Permanent Mission to the United Nations in NewYork, reminded the participants some o whom came rom as ar away as Fiji, Vanuatu, Mongoliaand Bhutan that in this initial part o the consultations the ocus would be on dening what theduties o UN Police peacekeepers should be in various mission scenarios. The question o how toperorm those duties would be addressed at a later stage, he said.

The keynote address was provided by William Durch o The Stimson Center, a non-partisan insti-tution based in Washington, D.C., that provides research and analysis on topics o internationalpeace and security. The Semarang meeting, which concluded on 15 June, will be ollowed by otherregional consultations.


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UN POLiCe awarDeDOrDer OF tiMOr-LeSte MeDaL

United Nations Police serving in Timor-Leste were awarded the countrys Order o Timor-Lestemedal o merit or their eorts to assist the fedgling nation consolidate peace and security.

Timorese President Jos Ramos Horta presented the award in the capital Dili, during the 12th an-niversary celebration o the national police, Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste known as the PNTL, on29 March 2012. The medal is awarded or merit or or exceptionally relevant acts perormed onbehal o the Timorese, the Nation or Mankind.

There are 1,242 UN Police Ocers rom more than 40 countries serving with the UN IntegratedMission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT). Since 2006 more than 9,000 police ocers have served in thispeacekeeping operation. They helped maintain law and order while building a proessional policeservice in the country, which the UN had shepherded to independence in 2002 ater it broke away

rom Indonesia.

The UN Police are proud o the work that they have done in Timor-Leste to ensure that the coun-trys police ocers are true public servants, said the UN Police Adviser, Ann-Marie Orler. We arevery honoured that the countrys President has recognized our eorts and awarded our police serv-ing there with the national medal o merit.

Sngnng Ojcvs o ws acn Cos inv

In line with the objectives o the United Nations and the West Arican Coast Initiative (WACI) orthe detection, disruption and dismantling o transnational organized crime in the this region, theStanding Police Capacity took part in a joint assessment missions to Guinea-Conakry in April 2012and Cte dIvoire in May 2012.

Polc assssmn Msson o h

In March 2012, a Police Assessment Mission (PAM) travelled to Haiti (MINUSTAH) to examine thecurrent approach and conguration o the police component, to assist in the rightsizing o thepolice component and to help identiy strategic goals. In line with the Policy Committee o theSecretary-General, the ocus o the UN engagement in Haiti is shiting towards longer term ca-pacity building and away rom the operationally ocussed support that ollowed the earthquakein 2010. Changes recommended by the PAM included: strengthen collocation procedures with theHaitian National Police (HNP); reorient the priority areas o support to the HNP to strengthenlong-term capacity building; ocus more on reinorcing the HNP administrative backbone; urtherdevelop HNP public order capabilities; better coordinate bilateral donors and mantain the presentnumber o ormed police units in the country or the time being.

UN Polc Sndds Complnc nd aud Ofc

The Police Standards Compliance and Audit Ocer (Compliance Ocer), in the O ce o thePolice Adviser, is responsible or the evaluation and inspection o procedures, practices orprogrammes in the Police Division and in the police components in peacekeeping operations.This post was lled in August 2011 by a Superintendent o the Irish Police.

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UNMITs Police Commissioner, Luis Miguel Carrilho, received the medal o merit on behal o hisocers, noting UNPOL eorts in the country during the past months.

Our role, the role o the United Nations Police, is to support the PNTL operationally and at thesame time to enhance capacity building. There are areas where were working more closely: legisla-tion, administration, training, discipline and operations, he said.

UN Police assumed responsibility or public security in Timor

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