UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

ByPramod Kumar Mishra

AutomobileEngineering

[For competitive selection examinations of Railway Service,Engineering (diploma) level, State Public Service Commis-sions, C.P.W.D., P.W.D., Coal India, Irrigation Departments

and other equivalent services.]

Objective

UPKAR’S

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ISBN : 978-93-5013-007-0

Price : 120·00(Rs. One Hundred Twenty Only)

Code No. 981

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

PREFACE

Success in examinations depends on proper planning of studies and appropriateselection of study materials. The pattern of examinations become tough. This is thereason that a right choice of study materials plays a very important role. This bookcover thoroughly all the basics of the whole course as well as present to theexaminee a wide spectrum of the multiple choice questions having a huge variety.The author has made a sincere attempt in this direction in the present book. Variousunique features of the book are as under for example :

☛ A brief review of concepts at a glance covering all fundamentals and importantconclusions are given at the start of every chapter.

☛ Chapters are classified under different units.

☛ Multiple choice questions in every chapter are arranged in a systematic andsequencial way covering the whole text and spectrum of the chapter.

☛ Answers are provided at the end of every chapters.

☛ Model Test Papers covering the whole syllabus are also provided at the end ofthe book again with their answers. These papers will prove to be fit for examina-tion and provide a chance to students in assessing their level of preparation.

The present book is self-sufficient in all respects.

I am thankful to my wife Mrs. Rita Mishra who has put a hard labour in reading theproofs thoroughly and pointing out errors and omissions. My sincere thanks are alsoto publisher Mr. Mahendra Jain who gave me a chance to write this type of books.This edition is a nice form.

Although all attempts have been made to avoid errors and printing mistakes, butomissions are a human weakness and, therefore, constructive suggestions, modifica-tions and errors brought to my notice will be highly appreciated and incorporated inthe next edition.

—Pramod Kumar Mishra

CONTENTS

Part A : Auto-Engine 1. Automobile : An Introduction………………………………………….. 3–7 2. Engine : Construction, Type and Operation…………………………..… 8–19 3. Engine : Fuel, fuel feed system, Carburettor and Exhaust System……… 20–30 4. Engine : Cooling and Lubrication…………………………………….… 31–40

Part B : Auto-Vehicle Technology 5. Frame, Body, Clutch and Brake………………………………………… 41–55 6. Wheels and Tyres………………………………………………………. 56–62 7. Front Axle and Steering System………………………………………… 63–68 8. Overdrive and fluid drive……………………………………………….. 69–72 9. Transmission, Differential and Propeller Shaft.………………………… 73–80

Part C : Auto-Electricals10. Battery and Dynamo……………………………………………………. 81–8811. Lighting and Wiring……………………………………………………. 89–96

Part D : Auto-Maintenance12. Engine-Troubles and Tuning……………………………………………. 97–10713. Auto-Inspection and Testing…………………………………………….108–113

Part E : Vehicle-Machine14. Turn-up and Workshop Set-up………………………...…..…………… 114–11915. Motor Cycle, Scooter and Tractor……………………………………… 120–12316. Motor Vehicles Act……………………………………………………...124–132

Part F : Others (Miscellaneous)17. Short-Question Answers……………………………………………….. 133–14018. Terminology……………………………………………………………. 141–144

Model Sets 1–23● Model Set 1……………………………………………………………. 3–6● Model Set 2………………………………………………………….… 7–11● Model Set 3………………………………………………………....… 12–15● Model Set 4……………………………………………………...….… 16–19● Model Set 5………………………………………………………....… 20–23

Automobile Engineering

PART : AAUTO-ENGINE

1 AUTOMOBILE : An Introduction

IntroductionAutomobile Engineering is a branch of

engineering in which we study all about theautomobiles and have practice to propel them.

An automobile is a self-propelled vehiclewhich is used for the transportation of passengersand goods upon the ground. A vehicle is amachine which is used for the transportation ofpassengers and goods. Car, bus, truck, jeep,tractor, scooter, motor cycle are the examples ofautomobiles.

The first automobile powered by steamengine was built in France by Nicholas-JosephCugnot in the year 1789. It was a three wheelervehicle with a maximum speed of about 3 mph. In1805, the first four-wheeler self propelled vehiclewas made by even and later on more attention waspaid to the development of Automobiles driven bythe steam engines.

Different Names for the Automobile 1. Auto 2. Automobile 3. Auto car 4. Auto buggy 5. Car 6. Motor 7. Motor Car 8. Motor vehicle

9. Motor Coach 10. Motor Wagon11. Horseless Carriage

Types of AutomobilesThe Automobile are classified on the

following basis—1. Purpose—

(i) Passenger Vehicle— Car, jeep, bus.

(ii) Goods Vehicle— Truck.

2. Capacity—(i) Light motor vehicle—Car, motor

cycle, scooter.

(ii) Heavy motor vehicle—Bus, coach,tractor.

3. Fuel used—

(i) Petrol vehicles—Car, jeep, motorcycle, scooter.

(ii) Diesel vehicles—Truck, bus, tractor,bulldozer.

(iii) Electric cab—Battery truck, forklift.

(iv) Steam carriages—Steam road rollers.

4. No. of Wheels—

(i) Two wheeler(ii) Three wheeler(iii) Four wheeler(iv) Six wheeler

5. Drive of the Vehicles—

(i) Single wheel drive vehicle(ii) Two wheel drive vehicle(iii) Four wheel drive vehicle(iv) Six wheel drive vehicle

Specification of Automobile

(i) Type : Car, truck, scooter, motor cycle,bus.

(ii) Capacity : 5 ton, 3 ton, 1 ton, 12 ton, 4

seater, 6 seater, 30 seater, 45 seater.

(iii) Make : Tata, Leyland, Standard

(iv) Drive : Left hand drive, right hand drive,single wheel drive, two wheel drive, four wheeldrive, six wheel drive.

(v) Model : Code number or year ofmanufacture.

4 | Auto.

ClassificationAutomobiles

Passenger Vehicles

Goods Vehicles

Light Heavy

Buses Coaches

Single deck Double deck Delux Air Conditioned

Light Heavy

Delivery Van Light Truck Truck Tractor Trailor

Scooters Motor Cycles Mopeds Cars Pick-ups Station-wagons

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Indian Manufacturers of Scooters1. Andhra Pradesh Scooters : Vespa PL 170,

Allwyn pushpak 150.

2. Bajaj Auto : Bajaj 150 CBU, Bajaj 150CKD.

3. Girnar Scooter : Girnar.

4. Lohia Machines : Vespa XE 100, VespaXE 150.

5. Maharashtra Scooters : Priya 150.

Indian Manufacturers of Motor Cycles1. Bajaj Auto : Bajaj Boxer, Bajaj Calivar.2. Enfield India : Bullet 350, Mini Bullet 198.3. Escorts : Rajdoot, Yamaha Libero, Yamaha

RX.4. Suzuki Summarai.5. Karnataka Scooters : Falcon GT 50.6. Hero Honda : Splender, Passion,

Ambition, CD-100, CD-down.7. KINETIC.8. TVS, TVS-Victor, TVS-Fiero.

Indian Manufacturers of Moped 1. Enfield India : Silver plus 50.

2. India Automotives : Hitodi.

3. Kinetic Engineering : Luna spark.

4. Kirloskar Ghate Patil : Pizzaz Laxmi.

5. Majestic Auto : Hero Majestic.

6. Mopeds India : Suvega.

7. Sundaram Clayton : TVS-50.

8. Sound Zweirad : Vicky.

9. Sen and Pandit : Dart.

10. Tamil Nadu Mopeds : Mayuram.

Indian Manufacturers of Cars1. Hindustan Motors : Ambassador, Contessa.2. Maruti Udyog : Maruti 800 Car, Maruti

800 Deluxe Car, Maruti 800 High Roof Van,Maruti 800 Flat Roof Van.

3. Premier Automobiles : Premier Padmini.4. Sipani Automobiles : Dolphin.

5. Standard Motors : Gazel.

Auto. | 5

Indian Manufacturers of Jeeps1. Mahindra and Mahindra : Jeep Univ.

(Petrol), Jeep Univ. (Diesel)

Indian Manufacturers of Buses1. Ashok Leyland.2. Hindustan Motors.3. Premier Automobiles.4. Tata Engineering and Locomotives.

Indian Manufacturers of Trucks1. Ashok Leyland.2. Hindustan Motors.3. Tata Engineering and Locomotives.4. Premier Automobiles.

Indian Manufacturers of 3-wheelers1. Automobile Products of India : Auto rick-

shaw, Delivery van, Tanker, Pick-up, Milk van,Vans for traders, Postal van, Versatile van forgovernment bodies, Mini schools bus.

2. Bajaj Auto Ltd.

Indian Manufacturers of Tractors1. Eicher : Eicher.2. Escorts : Escorts, Ford.3. Gujarat Tractor Co. : Hidustan.4. Harsha Tractors : Harsha.5. HMT : Zeter.6. Kirloskar Tractors : D 400K.7. Mahindra and Mahindra : International.8. Pittie Tractors : Pittie.9. Punjab Tractors : Swaraj.10. Tractors and Farm Equipments : Massey

Fergusor TAFE.

World’s Leading Manufacturers ofMotor Vehicles

1. A.C. Cars Ltd.

2. Aston Martin Ltd.

3. Daimler Co. Ltd.

4. Hillman Motor Car Co. Ltd.

5. Jensen Motors Ltd.

6. Lancia (England) Ltd.

7. The Nuftield Organisation.

8. Sinjer Motors Ltd.

9. Vauxhall Motors Ltd.

10. Nissan.11. Fiat.12. Chrysler.13. Volks wagen G.M.B.H.14. Triumph Motor Co. Ltd.15. Standard Motors Co. Ltd.16. Rover Co. Ltd.17. Allard Motors Co. Ltd.18. Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd.19. Austin Motor Co. Ltd.20. Citroen Cars Ltd.21. Fort Motor Co. Ltd.22. Donald Healey Motors Co. Ltd.23. H.R.G. Engineering Co. Ltd.

24. Jaguar Cars Ltd.

25. Jowett Cars Ltd.

26. Lanchester Motors Co. Ltd.

27. Lee-Francis Cars Ltd.28. Morgan Motors Co. Ltd.29. Renault Ltd.30. Alvis Ltd.31. Bristol Aeroplane Co. Ltd.32. General Motors Ltd.33. Humber Ltd.34. Lagonda Ltd.35. Mercedes Benz Ltd.36. Rolls Royce Ltd.37. Toyota.

Thus we know that the word ‘Automobile’ ismade up of two words i.e. ‘Auto’ and ‘Mobiles’.Auto is self-propelled and ‘Mobile’ is vehicles i.e.all such vehicles which run with their own powerare called automobiles. Vehicles are divided intotwo parts : (1) Chassis, (2) Body.

Chassis—Vehicle without body is known aschassis.

Body—Body is made of sheet metal or fibreglass, so that the passengers can sit in it. And tomake their journey comfortable cushioned seatsare provided and it is provided on all sides withglass-panes fixed to protect the passengers fromdust and rain.

The parts of chassis are :

(1) Chassis frame

(2) Front axle

6 | Auto.

(3) Steering system(4) Rear axle(5) Suspension system(6) Transmission(7) Break system(8) Engine, fuel, cooling system(9) Electrical systemWheel Base—The distance between the

centres of the front and rear wheels is known asthe wheel base.

Long Wheel Base Chassis—The truckswhich are mostly made on standard truck chassis,Load is piled up so that truck carries the exactweight for which it is designed, but in chassis forbuses. Seats are fixed and the distance between

each seat is also fixed as per Motor Vehicle Rules.

Chassis Overhang—In motor vehicles,certain length of chassis is always extended afterthe rear axle, but in bus chassis it is extendedfurther so that floor space is increased.

Wheel Track—The distance between thecentre of front wheels is known as wheel track.

Front Axle—It is fitted at the front of thevehicles by means of spring assemblies.

Steering System—It is the mechanism tosteer the front wheels so that vehicles could besteered to right or left as desired by the driver.

Brake System—Brake system is incorporatedin the vehicle so that the moving vehicle can bestopped by the driver as and when he wants.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The first automobile powered by steamengine was built in France by—

(A) Nicholas Joseph Cugnot

(B) Diamler Benz

(C) Henry Ford

(D) Elwood J. Haynes

2. In the year 1885, the real automobile wasbuilt by which of the following man ?

(A) Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot

(B) Daimler Benz

(C) Henry ford

(D) Elwood J. Haynes

3. The distance between the centres of the frontand rear wheel is known as—

(A) Chassis

(B) Wheel Base

(C) Chassis overhang

(D) Wheel track

4. The distance between the centre of frontwheels is known as—

(A) Wheel base (B) Wheel track

(C) Chassis (D) Body

5. What is fitted at the front of the vehicles bymeans of spring assemblies ?

(A) Wheel base (B) Wheel track

(C) Rear axle (D) Front axle

6. What is the mechanism to steer the frontwheels so that vehicles could be steered toright or left as desired by the driver ?

(A) Steering system

(B) Brake system

(C) Electrical system

(D) None of these

7. What is the final unit in transmission system ?

(A) Engine (B) Front axle

(C) Body (D) Rear axle

8. Which of the following is a couplingincorporated between the engine and the rearroad wheel ?

(A) Engine (B) Rear axle

(C) Transmission (D) None of these

9. Which of the following system is incor-porated in the vehicle so that the movingvehicle can be stopped by the driver as andwhen he wants ?

(A) Brake system

(B) Transmission system

(C) Steering system

(D) All of the above

10. Vehicle without body is known as—

(A) Wheel (B) Ring

(C) Axle (D) Chassis

Objective Automobile Engineeing

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350130070 Author : Pramod KumarMishra

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