WORLD WAR IUS Involvement and the end of the War

United States

1914: Wilson declared that the war was a European affair and the U.S. would remain neutral

Reasons the US Enters the War Inability to remain neutral German submarine warfare and the

sinking of the Lusitania The US has economic and political

ties to Great Britain The Zimmerman Telegram Wilson: “Make the world safe for

democracy”

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania http://www.history.com/topics/world-

war-i/lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

Note from Germany to Mexico Promised to give Mexico money if

they help Germany in the war If Germany wins, they promised to

give Mexico Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

THE HOME FRONTWhat was life like in the US during the war?

Industry was Booming!

US sold a lot of weapons and war supplies to the Allied Powers

The War Industries Board Set up to coordinate production

America’s First Draft

The Selective Service Act (1917)

In France, African American soldiers were treated without racial prejudice

In the US, we had segregated units

Labor

There was a labor shortage because many men volunteered or were drafted

African Americans replaced them The Great Migration Good paying jobs

Patriotism

Liberty Bonds Victory Gardens

End of War

American troops were arriving by spring and summer of 1918

Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrendered by Sept.

Austria-Hungary broke up and quit fighting

Armistice

11th day, 11th month, 11th hour of 1918 all fighting would cease

NOT A PEACE TREATY, only an agreement to stop fighting

Costs of War 8.5 million dead 21 million wounded

World War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Death Toll

8,300,000 . . . . . . . Estimated combatants killed, all nations

19,536,000 . . . . . . . Estimated wounded soldiers, all nations

Cost of War

Allied Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18United States 22,625,253,000Great Britain 35,334,012,000France 24,265,583,000Russia 22,293,950,000Total of all Costs 125,690,477,000

Cost of War

Central Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18Germany 37,775,000,000Austria-Hungary 20,622,960,000Turkey 1,430,000,000Bulgaria 815,200,000Total of all Costs 60,643,160,000

Wilson’s 14 Points

No secret treaties Freedom of seas for all nations All nations get to run their own

government (self-determination) Reduction of national militaries Adjustment of colonial claims to make it

more fair to the colonies Establishment of a group to keep world

peace

Treaty of Versailles

Dealt harshly with the Germans Germany must admit guilt for starting the

war pay reparations (payments for damages of

war) lose large chunks of territory drastically cut its military Created the League of Nations

Russia was not invited to these negotiations

League of Nations

International cooperative organization established to prevent future wars but did not have power to enforce its decisions

U.S. never joined

Outcomes of War

Colonies increase their demand for independence

End of Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German and Austro-Hungarian empires

Enormous cost of war in lives and property

German economy is destroyed