USB Power Delivery and Type-C

Overview Architecture

Product Portfolio Solution

USB Type-C OverviewUSB Power Delivery specification introduces USB Type-C receptacle, plug and cable; they provide a smaller, thinner and more robust alternative to existing USB interconnect. Main features are:

• Enable new and exciting host and device form-factors where size, industrial design and style are important parameters

• Work seamlessly with existing USB host and device silicon solutions

• Enhance ease of use for connecting USB devices with a focus on minimizing user confusion for plug and cable orientation

USB Type-C Overview

• Enable new and exciting host and device form-factors where size, industrial design and style are important parameters

• Work seamlessly with existing USB host and device silicon solutions • Enhance ease of use for connecting USB devices with a focus on minimizing user confusion

for plug and cable orientation • Simple Power Delivery implementation (BMC)

Type-C Features

Mode of Operation Nominal Voltage

Maximum Current Notes

USB 2.0 5 V 500 mA Default current, based on definitions in the base specificationsUSB 3.1 5 V 900 mA

USB BC 1.2 5 V Up to 1.5 A Legacy chargingUSB Type-C @ 1.5 A 5 V 1.5 A Supports high power devicesUSB Type-C @ 3.0 A 5 V 3 A Supports higher power devices

USB PD Configurable up to 20 V

Configurable up to 5 A Directional control and power level management

The Re-Evolution of USBUSB has evolved from a data interface capable of supplying limited power

to a primary provider of power with a data interface

Power Delivery More Power with USB Power Delivery (100W)

Type-C More Flexibility with a new reversible USB-C connector

Alternate Mode

More Protocols(Display Port, HDMI, VGA, Ethernet…)

USB IF More Speed with USB 3.1 (10 Gbit/s)

USB PD Power Profilesas of today …. per USB PD release 2.0

USB PD New Profiles proposal

Type-C Pin Outs FunctionsReceptacle

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A12 A12GND TX1+ TX1- VBUS CC1 D+ D- SBU1 VBUS RX2- RX2+ GND

GND RX1+ RX1- VBUS SBU2 D- D+ CC2 VBUS TX2- TX2+ GNDB12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1

USB 2.0Interface

Cable Ground

Cable Bus Power

Secondary Bus Configuration Channel

Two pins on the USB Type-C receptacle, CC1 and CC2, are used in the discovery, configuration and management

of connections across USB type-C cable

High Speed Data Path (RX for USB 3.1, or reconfigured

in Alternate Mode)

High Speed Data Path (TX for USB 3.1, or reconfigured

in Alternate Mode)

Type-C Pin Outs FunctionsPlug

A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1GND RX2+ RX2- VBUS SBU1 D- D+ CC VBUS TX1- TX1+ GND

GND TX2+ TX2- VBUS VCONN SBU2 VBUS RX1- RX1+ GNDB1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12

USB 2.0Interface

Cable Ground

Cable Bus Power

Secondary Bus Configuration Channel

High Speed Data Path (RX for USB 3.1, or reconfigured

in Alternate Mode)

High Speed Data Path (TX for USB 3.1, or reconfigured

in Alternate Mode)

On a standard USB Type-C cable, only a single CC wire within each plug is connected through the cable to establish signal orientation

The other CC pin is repurposed as VCONN for powering electronics

Also, only one set of USB 2.0 D+/D- wires are implemented

Architecture

Communication across the channel uses Biphase Mark Coding (BMC) over CC in Type C connector

Architecture and key wordsProvider

PowerSource(s)

Sourceport

USB Port

VBUSType A/B Plugidentification

CC (Type-C only)

Device Policy Manager

Policy Engine

Protocol Layer

Physical LayerCableDetection

BFSKBMC

Consumer

PowerSink

Sinkport

USB Port

VBUS Type A/B Plugidentification

CC (Type-C only)

Device Policy Manager

Policy Engine

Protocol Layer

Physical Layer CableDetection

BFSK BMC

VBUS

CC

USB Type-C CC Connections

Connection Detection

and muxes control

Connection Detection

DFP -Source

UFP - Sink

4 possible CC configurations

• Detect attach/detach of USB ports, e.g. a DFP to a UFP • Resolve cable orientation and twist connections to establish USB data bus routing • Establish DFP and UFP roles between two attached ports • Discover and configure VBUS• USB Power Delivery Communication

USB PD Stack & Policy

System Policy Manager (system wide) is optional. It monitors and controls System Policy between various Providers and Consumers connected via USB.

Device Policy Manager (one per Provider or Consumer) provides mechanisms to monitor and control the USB-PD within a particular Provider or Consumer. It enables local policies to be enforced across the system by communication with the System Policy Manager.

Policy Engine (one per Source or Sink Port) interacts directly with the Device Policy Manager in order to determine the present local policy to be enforced.

The Protocol Layer forms the messages used to communicate information between a pair of ports. It receives inputs from the Policy Engine indicating which messages to send and indicates the responses back to the Policy Engine

Policies Protocol Layer

It is responsible for sending and receiving messages across either the VBUS or CC wire. It consists of a transceiver that superimposes a signal (BFSK on VBUS or BMC on CC) on the wire.

It is responsible for managing data on the wire and for collision avoidance and detects errors in the messages using a CRC

Physical LayerDevice Policy

Manager

Policy Engine

Protocol Layer

Physical Layer

USB interface (optional)

USB PD device

VBUS / CC

USB hub tree (optional)

System Policy Manager

USB Host

Product Portfolio

SuperSpeedSwitch

Host, USB 3.1

ControllerAccess Point

(optional)

Type-C connector

Power Management

USB Power Delivery Controller

Prot

ectio

ns

A complete offer to “lean in” USB PD Ecosystem

PHY - Type-C interface

Profile 1-2-3Power Source Building Blocks

maintransformer

pulsetransformer

optocouplercommunication

FlybackController:STCH02

Rectifier

CC/CVSEA01

High Voltage Low Voltage

Power MOSFET

FeedbackNetworkSelection

DC/DCPost

regulation

USB PDInterface IC

USB PDInterface IC

• It covers profile 1-2-3 from 5W to 45W• High Efficiency• Low EMI design: intelligent Jitter for EMI suppression

Multi Port case: Post regulation for each port

STCH02 Primary Side Controller: Adapters up to 45W

SO8

• Proprietary Constant current output regulation (CC) with no opto-coupler

• 700V embedded HV start-up circuit• Quasi-resonant (QR) Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)

operation• Valley skipping at medium-light load and advanced

burst mode operation at no-load for under 10mW consumption

• Accurate adjustable output OVP

Features

Benefits• Low part count. BOM reduction thanks to an

extensive features integration• Exceeding 5 stars: No-Load power < 10mW

• HV start-up zero power consumption• Advanced burst-mode operation

• Flexibility: suitable for adapters from 5W to 40W • High Efficiency• Low EMI design: intelligent jitter for EMI

suppression

Profile 4, 5Power Source Building Blocks

maintransformer

optocoupler

PFCL6563H

Synchrounous Rectification

SRK2001

CC/CVSEA01

High Voltage Low Voltage

DC/DCPost regulation

USB PDInterface ICLLC

L6699

Power MOSFET

Power MOSFET

PFC-LLC Integrated

New solution

STCMB1

Post Regulation

1 per port

SO16

L6563HTransition Mode PFC controller

Datasheet : available on www.st.com

• 700V High Voltage Start-up circuit• Fast bidirectional input voltage feedforward• Adjustable OVP• AC Brownout Detection• Tracking boost function• Inductor saturation protection• Proprietary THD optimizer circuit• Interface for cascaded converters• -600mA/+800mA gate driver

Features

• Low steady state ripple and current distortion with limited undershoot or overshoot of the pre-regulator’s output thanks to new input voltage feed-forward implementation

• Reduced THD of the current• High reliability thanks to a full set of protections• HV start-up significantly reduces consumption

compared to standard discrete circuit solutions• Facilitated cooperation with cascaded DC-DC

converter thanks to several power management & housekeeping functions

SO16N

L6699High power adapters 90W to 250W

Datasheet : available on www.st.com

Series-resonant half-bridge topology• Self adjusting adaptive dead time• Anti-capacitive mode protection• Two-level OCP

• Frequency shift• Immediate shutdown

• Safe-start procedure• Burst-mode operation at light load• Brown-out protection• Interface with PFC controller

Features

Benefits• High efficiency:

• Reduced internal consumption (Iq=1mA)• Adaptive dead time allows design optimization to

achieve ZVS with lower magnetizing current• Improved reliability and lifetime thanks to anti-

capacitive protection and smooth start-up circuit• Reduced audible noise when entering burst-

mode operation thanks to smooth restart feature

USB-PDPower MOSFET product families

Flyback

K5

800V-1500V

M2

600V-650V

F7

40-120V

Flyback/PFC/LLC Synch Rec

M6Price/Performance Premium efficiency

VHV PowerMOSFETs

Part Number BVDss RDS(on) ID

STB13N80K5 800V 0.45Ω 12A

STD8N80K5 800V 0.95Ω 6A

STD9N80K5 800V 0.90Ω 7A

• Unmatched RDS(on) at very high BVDSS 800-950V-1050V

• Ultra-Low QG and high switching speed • Extremely low thermal resistance• High quality & reliability

Features

Benefits• Lower on-state conduction losses• Best switching losses• High efficiency with lower design complexity• Ultra small Form factor

Flyback Architecture

STL8N80800V, 950mOhm, 13nCPowerFLAT5x6

Outstanding Form Factor

Product range example

Power MOSFETPFC & LLC Architecture

PFC VDSS RDS(on) ID

STF24N60M2 600V 0.190Ω 18A

STF25N60M2-EP 600V 0.188Ω 18A

STF20N60M2-EP 600V 0.278Ω 13A

LLC VDSS RDS(on) ID

STF9N60M2 600V 0.750Ω 5.5A

STF15N60M2-EP 600V 0.378Ω 11A

STFI11N60M2-EP (e.s.available)

600V 0.595Ω 8.0A

• Up to 30% lower QG vs main competition(equivalent die size)

• 400 – 700V BVDSS rated• Back-to-Back G-S Zener protected

Features

Benefits• Reduced switching losses• Enhanced immunity vs ESD & Vgs spikes• Technologies dedicated to specific topology

LLC VDSS RDS(on) ID

STF9N60M6 600V 0.750Ω ES April ‘16

STF10N60M6 600V 0.600Ω ES April ‘16

STF13N60M6 600V 0.380Ω ES April ‘16

Product range example

PFCPerformance

LLCPerformance

LLCPremium

STL24N60600V, 210mΩ, 28nCPowerFLAT8x8

Product range example

Power MOSFETsSynchronous Rectification

Part Number Voltage Ron Current

STL260N4LF7 40V <1.1mΩ 5.5A

STL200N45LF7 40V <1.8mΩ 11A

• Very low RDS(on); • Proper COSS;• Low VSD and QRR with soft recovery body-drain diode• LL Vth

Features

Benefits• Efficiency improvement due low conduction losses and

to static and dynamic diode ones, minimized switching noise and Vds spike at turn OFF

• Easy driving features

ProtectionsESD/CMF/ECMF

• Robustness: Surge capability up to 25kV and low clamping• Flexibility & Integration: Single or multi lines products• Transparency: High bandwidth for high speed signals

ESD Protection

• High quality of protection• Unique filtering shape capabilities• Serial Interface: USB2.0/3.0, MIPI,DP, HDMI• Filters radiated noise and limits antenna de-sense.

• High quality of protection• High integration: 1mm2 / 2 differential lines• Serial Interface: USB2.0/3.0, MIPI,DP, HDMI• Filters radiated noise and limits antenna de-sense

ECMF = ESD + CMF integrated

ESD + CMF

High flexibility for the Designers needs to find best compatibilities

Controller & Interface

USB PD Controller MCU Based

STM32

• FW USB PD Stack • Adaptability versus USB PD

specification new release• PHY-Type-C interface

companion chip• Market proven solution

USB PD Hard Coded Controller

STUSB4x

• HW USB PD Stack • Flexible HW-SW partitioning• Autorun or Micro based• Easy Dead Battery Support• P2P with PHY-Type-C

interface

PHY -Type-C Interface

STUSB16

• Dual Role Type-C Interface with BMC

• Dual role capability• Configurable start-up profiles• Interface with external MCU

through I2C• Accessory support

Value proposition: offer flexible and scalable solutions for designers

MCU Overview: STM32F0 HW resources

• Transmission uses : TIM14, SPI1, DMA, GPIO

• Reception uses : TIM3, DMA, 1 comparator

• TIM2 is used to time-schedule tasks

• Embedded ADC to detect device on the CC bus and perform power measurements

• CRC to evaluate message’s CRC

• Standard GP I/Os to control Vconn, Load switch, Vbus discharge switch, Vout selection (primary feedback…

Project Flash Memory RAM Memory

Provider only 25.5 kB 4.4 kB

Provider only (RTOS) 29.0 kB 7.3 kB

Provider/Consumer DRP (RTOS)

30.2 kB 7.3 kB

USB-PD Interface: STUSB16xx

• Dual Role Type-C Interface with BMC • Dual role capability• Configurable start-up profiles• 600mA VCONN• 120uA Idle current measured• Interface with external MCU through I²C+Interrupt• Integrated Voltage monitoring• Integrated VBUS discharge path• Accessory support• Dual Power supply:

• VSYS = 3.3V, • VDD [4.6V; 22V] (from VBUS)

Features

Benefits• Low Pin count• Integrated BMC transceiver• Simple, Robust• Configurable, Flexible• Optimized for Portable applications• P2P with STUSB4x

Visit http://www.st.com/web/en/campaigns/usb-type-c.html

QFN-24 (4x4 mm)Pin to pin compatible with STUSBxx family

CSP

USB-PD Type-C Solution• AC/DC Multi-output 36W Converter

• Based on STCH02 QR controller • Multiple Output voltages (5V, 9V, 12V)

• STM32 Embedded Software Solution • to interface with USB-C connector • to handle the USB Power Delivery protocol • cost effective and popular 32bit Microcontroller

• HW platform based on X-Nucleo Shield

Block Diagram

Power Connector

NUCLEO + MORPHO

CONNECTORS

Type-C Interface

Analog Front End

Modular Approach

External Power Supply Board

NUCLEO + X-NUCLEO-USBPDM1

Internal PowerBlock

Block Diagram: Features

Role Setup

USB 2.0

ESD

Volt & Curr Sensing

Bus DischargeLoad Switch

Power Connector Internal Supply

ReceptacleESD

VCONN Switch

VBUS

CCsCCsVCONN

AnalogFront End

& Cable Logic

On board functionalities activable if not available on external power supply board.

USB 2.0 USB 2.0 hooked to Type-C on Port 0, if available on STM32.

AC/DC 36W 5/9/12V Efficiency and no Load Consumption

• Please note that the values of efficiency are penalized by the power losses on secondary rectifier diode.• The efficiency can be improved around 4% using synchronous rectification

Efficiency @ 115Vac

Load Iout [A] 5V 9V 12V100% 3.000 83.18% 85.17% 85.41%75% 2.250 80.61% 85.34% 85.53%50% 1.510 80.20% 84.71% 84.61%25% 0.750 80.92% 85.17% 81.67%

Average 81.23% 84.45% 84.30%

Input voltage Efficiency @ 10% Pout

5V 9V 12V

115VAC 76.29% 76.68% 73.28%230VAC 73.09% 73.06% 70.54%

Efficiency @ 230Vac

Load Iout [A] 5V 9V 12V100% 3.000 82.42% 85.56% 86.35%75% 2.250 81.44% 84.65% 85.47%50% 1.510 80.65% 83.44% 84.08%25% 0.750 77.89% 80.36% 80.05%

Average 80.60% 83.50% 84%

Input voltage No load consumption5V

115Vac 11mW

230Vac 12mW

• 36W 5/9/12V board

AC/DC 36W 5/9/12V Schematic

MCU + Discrete AFE Overview

DiscreteAnalog FE

CC1/CC2

STM32F0

GPI/Os

Hardware : Entry level Cortex-M0 based STM32F0 microcontroller series with simple discrete Analog Front End PHY

Embedded Software : USB-C & PD Middleware

• STM32 Embedded Software Solution to interface with USB-C connector and to handle the USB Power Delivery protocol.

USB-C & PD FW

USB Type-C connector

Best device for 2 ports management : STM32F051 in 48 pin packageBest device for 1 port management : STM32F051/31 in 20/32 pin package

1

X-NUCLEO-USBPDM1• USB-C Power Delivery expansion board

with two USB Type-C connectors for two port management.

• Main fetures:• Two Dual Role Ports • Dedicated Power Connector to interface with

external Power Supply board providing different profiles (up to 20V and 5A) and VCONN

• On-board Power management able to provide internal needed voltages from VBUS

• Six debug LEDs• USB 2.0 interface capability available on one port• Compatible with STM32 Nucleo boards• Equipped with ST morpho connectors

X-NUCLEO-USBPDM1Board Details

Power Connector for external Power Source

User LEDs

Morpho connectors

Local Power Management

Type-C Receptacle Port 1

Power Role Configuration Port 1

CC AFE and VCONN Switch Port 1

VBUS Port 1 Switch and discharge

VBUS Current/Voltage sensing Port 1

Connector for VBUS Load Port 1

Type-C Receptacle Port 0 (USB2.0 Capability)

CC AFE and VCONN Switch Port 0

VBUS Port 0 Switch and discharge

VBUS Current/Voltage sensing Port 0

Connector for VBUS Load Port 0

Power Role Configuration Port 0