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Introduction to USB Type-C & Power Delivery
TI Literature Number: SLUP360 © 2016, 2017 Texas Instruments Incorporated
Power Seminar topics and online power training modules are available at:ti.com/psds
Power Supply Design Seminar
(Demo Hall Presentation)
Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Deric Waters, System Engineer
Introduction to USB Type-C & Power Delivery
Focus on Charging Applications
Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Agenda • Introduction to USB Type-C and Power Delivery • Detailed discussion of a USB Type-C universal adaptor o Including conceptual schematic of a single and dual port AC/DC adaptor.
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
The USB Connectors
USB2.0
USB3.0
Type-A
Type-A
Type-B
Type-B Micro-B
Micro-B Mini-B
One size for USB2.0, 3.0, 3.1
USB2.0
USB3.1
DisplayPort
Power Delivery
C-to-C, C-to-A and C-to-B cables are defined.
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
USB Type-C Flippable Receptacle Interface
High Speed Data, USB SS, SS+ TX or DP Alt Mode
High Speed Data USB SS, SS+ RX or DP Alt Mode
USB2 Data
Cable Ground
SBU
SBU
Cable Bus Power
Sideband Use, not used for USB, AUX for DP
Configuration channel, for cable attach, orientation, role detection, and current mode One becomes VCONN to supply power for cable or adaptor
Note: Determining the plug’s polarity is only necessary if USB SS or DP Alt Mode is used.
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
USB Power Delivery over USB Type-C Precedence Mode of Operation Nominal
Voltage Maximum Current
Highest USB PD Up to 20 V Up to 5 A
USB Type-C current @ 3A 5 V 3 A
USB Type-C current @ 1.5A 5 V 1.5 A
USB BC1.2 5 V Up to 1.5 A
USB 3.1 5V 900 mA
Lowest USB 2.0 5V 500 mA
Priority of Power Modes
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
USB Power Delivery (PD) Features
• Enables higher voltage, up to 20V
• 5V, 9V, 15V, and 20V satisfy most customer needs.
• Up to 100W power over USB cable
• Which port provides power is negotiable
• DFP can be provider or consumer.
• UFP can be provider or consumer.
• Efficient power management across multiple peripherals
• DFP has cold socket to conserve power
• Co-existence with legacy USB products
• Enables Alternate Modes
Why use USB PD?
VBUS initially defaults to 5V, 500mA
power supply
USB Power Delivery negotiation over CC
wire
Power supplied over VBUS at the rate
negotiated
Typical PD flow
5V
5V
20V
Not related to power, but USB PD required
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
The USB Type-C Ecosystem Power Role
Dat
a R
ole
Dev
ice
UFP
H
ost
DFP
Source-Only
Sink-Only
Desktop PC/Server
Mobile Devices
DR
D
Power Bank
Monitor, TV Docking Station
Infotainment
Wall Outlet Charger
USB Hub USB Devices Accessories
Laptop
Laptop
Desktop HDD Mobile HDD
USB Hub
No
Dat
a USB Powered Accessories
Source (Default)
DFP = Downward Facing Port DRP = Dual Role Power DRD = Dual Role Data UFP = Upward Facing Port Sink
(Default) DRP
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Focus on Source-Only Application • There are many different applications that
require different silicon solutions under the USB Type-C umbrella. o Laptops, docking station, monitors,
tablets, etc.
• One benefit of the wide-spread adoption of this open standard is a realistic path to a universal charger and e-waste reduction. o One connector instead of the proliferation
of different adaptors for different devices o 300,000 tons of e-waste goes to landfills
every year (according to UN)
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
45W Single-port AC/DC Source
Fly-Back
ESD
VBU
S VC
ON
C
C
SBU
D
- D
+ TX
1/R
X1
TX2/
RX2
5V, 9V, or 15V VBUS
PD Controller Voltage Selection
TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP11455
FET is required to prevent high voltage on VBUS until the right time. • Back-to-Back FETs required by USB Type-C for adaptors with
receptacle. • All Adaptors must be able to drive VBUS to 0V when nothing is
attached. Many types of devices can be inserted into a universal charger, so it is critical to prevent putting high voltage on VBUS until the right time.
receptacle
PD Controller • handles USB PD messaging handshake • Selects voltage from fly-back power
supply • controls the FET switch on VBUS. • TPS25740A is an example of a PD
controller
CC1
CC2
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
45W Single-port AC/DC Source
Fly-Back
ESD
VBU
S VC
ON
C
C
SBU
D
- D
+ TX
1/R
X1
TX2/
RX2
5V, 9V, or 15V VBUS
PD Controller Voltage Selection
TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP11455
FET is required to prevent high voltage on VBUS until the right time. • Only one FET required by USB Type-C for adaptors with captive
cable. • All Adaptors must be able to drive VBUS to 0V when nothing is
attached. Many types of devices can be inserted into a universal charger, so it is critical to prevent putting high voltage on VBUS until the right time.
Captive Cable
PD Controller • handles USB PD messaging handshake • Selects voltage from fly-back power
supply • controls the FET switch on VBUS. • TPS25740A is an example of a PD
controller
CC1
CC2
10
Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP11455
AC/DC Adaptor Application • Below is a schematic for an AC/DC USB Type-C Power Delivery adaptor.
o The TPS25740 is an example of a PD Controller.
• CTL1 and CTL2 are pulled low or left open-drain to select the output voltage.
M1
RC
S
COUT
DRV
VDD
CSFB
VB
DS
CIO
T1
From
AC
Mai
ns
RFBL1
RFB
UR
FBL
TLV431
ROB
CIZ
RFB
L2
CB
2
CB
1
+
–P
P
P
DVCHV
RLC
RS
1R
S2
CD
D1
CD
D
GNDRF5
RF6
LDO
VS
P
UCC28740
T1 CX
310
µF
RD
SC
G
TPS25740
VDDCC2
AG
ND
DV
DD
CC1
CD
V
DS
CG
100kΩ
VTX
CTX
GN
D
CR
X
GD
NG
GD
NS
CTL2CTL1
Type-C Plug10
0Ω D+
D-
VBUS
VP
WR
HIP
WR
PC
TRL
EN
_IN
PS
EL
VA
UX
CA
UX
CS
LEW
Port Status indicator
CSD17579Q3A
ISN
S
VB
US
RS
UFP
220kΩ
EN
12V
b
RS
LEW
Isolated AC/DC Flyback
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
• The CC2 / CC line shows the voltages on the configuration channel between the sink and a source that applies VCONN to the cable.
• t1: the cable is attached. • t2: the source confirms a valid sink is attached,
then applies 5V to VBUS and VCONN. • t3: USB Type-C 3A advertisement begins &
USB PD messaging begins on CC line • t4: VBUS voltage is increased to negotiated level.
Typical Behavior upon Attachment
AC/DC Adaptor (TPS25741 EVM)
Sink (Apple MacBook)
t1 t2
t3
t4
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
PD Voltage Transition Requirements • vSrcSlewPos < 30mV/µs
• tSrcSettle = 275ms
• tSrcReady = 285ms
• If Negotiated Voltage (NV) > 5V – vSrcNew = ± 5% of NV
• If Negotiated Voltage (NV) = 5V – 4.75V < vSrcNew < 5.5V
• vSrcValid =VSrcNew ± 0.5V
With External FET, positive and negative slew rate can be controlled via R & C selection
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
VBUS in Faulty System • Consider the AC/DC adaptor when the CTL node gets
shorted due to some faulty condition. • The PD Controller should disable the FET to prevent VBUS
voltage raising too high before a USB PD negotiation.
COUT
DS
RFBL1
RFB
UR
FBL
TLV431
ROB
CIZ
RFB
L2
RD
SC
G
TPS25740
DS
CG
GD
NG
GD
NS
CTL2
CTL1
VP
WR
CS
LEW
CSD17579Q3A
VB
US
ISN
S
RS
RS
LEW
VBUS
Due to a fault, the reference node gets grounded. Causes fly-back output to go high voltage.
VBUS hits OVP trip-point. NFET gets disabled, limiting the max voltage on VBUS.
Try to turn on VBUS again after 0.8 sec.
Sink plugged in at time 0
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Dual-Port Options (1/2)
Fly-Back
5V, 9V, or 15V
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
90W
PD Controller (TPS25740A)
5V, 9V, or 15V
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
PD Controller (TPS25740A) 45W
45W
Each port marked as 45W capable Both ports always offer exactly 45W
Fly-Back
5V, 9V, or 15V
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
PD Controller (TPS25740A)
5V, 9V, or 15V
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
PD Controller (TPS25740A) ≤45W
≤45W
Each port marked as 22.5W capable A port offers 45W only if the other port is empty
45W 15
Similar TI Design: PMP20271 (uses dual Buck LM5140)
Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Dual-Port Options (2/2)
Fly-Back
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
PD Controller (TPS25740A)
5V, 9V, or 15V
CTL1 / CTL2
DC/DC (Buck)
PD Controller (TPS25740A) ≤45W
≤45W
Each port marked as 22.5W capable A port offers 45W only if the other port is empty
5V, 9V, or 15V
Fly-Back
5V, or 9V
CTL2 PD Controller (TPS25740A)
5V, or 9V
CTL2 PD Controller (TPS25740A)
Each port marked as 15W capable A port offers 27W only if the other port is empty
Best efficiency, lowest BOM.
30W 45W 16
Similar TI Design: PMP20271 (uses dual Buck LM5140)
Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Summary • USB Type-C is bringing major changes to the ubiquitous USB eco-system and has
created a realistic possibility for a universal charger for all consumer electronics.• USB Power Delivery is extending the applicability of USB into non-traditional
applications.• Even for the simplest USB Power Delivery application (charging) there are a number
of options and features that must be tuned per system requirements.
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Texas Instruments - 2016/17 Power Supply Design Seminar
Appendix – Buck DC-DC Solutions - Controllers
18
Part Number Description
Vin (Min) (V)
Vin (Max)
(V)
Vout (Min) (V)
Vout (Max) (V)
Iout (Max) (A)
Regulated Outputs
(#)
Switching Frequency (Min) (kHz)
Switching Frequency (Max) (kHz)
Special Features
TPS40304
3V to 20V Wide Input Synchronous Buck
Controller 3 20 0.6 18 30 1 600 600
Enable, Power Good, Pre-Bias Start-Up, Synchronous
Rectification
TPS40322
Dual Output or Two-phase Synchronous Buck
Controller 3 20 60 2 100 1000
Enable, Frequency Synchronization, Remote
Sense
LM5140-Q1
Dual Output Synchronous Buck
3.8 65 1.5 15 440 2200 Low standby current
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