USDA FOREST SERVICE :GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NC- 12 /1975

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HelenJ.LeweyNORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONFOREST SERVICEU.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

The author_ now retired, was a Statistical Assistant for the

Station at its Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Carbondale_ lllinoisoThe Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the SouthernIllinois University°

North Central Forest Experiment Station

John H. Ohman, Director

Forest Service--U.S. Department of AgricultureFolwell Avenue

St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

(Maintained in cooperation with the University of Minnesota)

TREES OF THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES:

THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND USES

Helen J. Lewey

FOREWORD

During my 14 years as a Statistical Assistant at the Carbondale

field office of the North Central Forest Experiment Station, I have

developed considerable interest in the uses of the different trees

and shrubs on which I have compiled technical data. Because of the

increasing number of people interested in the properties of our

forest trees I have compiled a list of the major species found in

our Station territory (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan,

Missouri, and Wisconsin). Although the focus of this report is on

trees in these States, some of the species also may be found in

adjoining areas_

Throughout history man has found wood indispensable for shelter,

for fire to cook food and warm himself, and for weapons° Through

years of technological study and research, man has found diverse and

sophisticated uses for wood and bark. Transparent films, filaments,

fabrics, plastics, and chemicals are a few of the less conventional

forms of wood consumption. New industries, such as pulp and paper mills,

are being built to meet an increasing demand for paper products.

The ease with which hardwood and softwood species can be worked

into a variety of shapes and securely fastened together with simple

tools and fasteners make them readily adaptable to many uses° The

more important uses are listed in this report prepared as a ready

reference for individuals, schools, the wood-using industry, and

research organizationso Because there are often many common names

for a species, it was generally necessary to select one reference

and use it as a guide for the best common name (Little 1953) o However,

in some instances widely used common names are listed with a reference

to the name used by Little.

Uses_ Tool handles, baseball bats}AJ ]anthus : .....

!i/.a/_th!.zsai_tiss_ma {Hilio) Swingle tennis rackets, furniture_Distribution: Ii]..inois and Indiana_ interior trim} boatbuilding_

Uses: Ornamemtal,, Originally from slack and tight cooperage}

China° Wood has the appearance boxes_ crates_ agriculturalof ash° :_plements, and dairy_ poultry_

and apiary supplies°

Apple-Sweet crab

MaL_s oorona_m]a (Lo) Hillo Aspen:Distribution: [kl.inois _ Indiana _

Bigtooth

Michigan _ Missouri _ and Populus grandidentata HichxoWisconsin° Distribution: lllinois _ Indiana,

Uses: Fruit used for jelly_ Iowa, Michigan_ Minnesota,

Missouri, and Wisconsin°

Hedge (see osage-orange) Uses: Puip_ excelsior, matches_

corestock, clothespins, cabin

construction, boxes, crates,

furniture, general construction

Ash _ lumber _ and dairy, poultry,

Biltmore (see white ash) and apiary supplies°

B Iac k Quaking

/;"raz_nus nig_ra Marsh. Populus tremuloides MichxoDistribution: Illinois, Indiana, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota_

and Wisconsin_ Missouri, and Wisconsin°

Use____Es:Cabinetwork, interior trim, Uses: Same as bigtooth aspen°and basketmaking,

Blue Baldcypress

F.rarinus quadrmLgulata Michxo Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, and and Missouri°

Wisconsin. Uses: Exterior trim of buildings,

Uses: Moderately important_ similar greenhouses, planking, boat-

to white ash. and shipbuilding_ shingles,

posts, poles_ crossties, sash,

Green doors, tanks, vats_ coffins,

Fraxin_ pennsylvanica Marsh, silos, boxes, erates_ railroad

Distribution: lllinois_ Indiana_ ties, slack cooperage, and tubs,Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,

Missouri, and Wisconsin.Uses: Similar to white ash,

Basswood:

Pumpkin American

Fra_nms profunda (Bush) Bush Tilia americana Lo

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_

and Missouri. Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota_

Uses: Unimportant. Missouri, and Wisconsin.

Uses: Veneer, plywood, eorestock,

Red (see pumpkin ash or green ash) baskets_ slack cooperage,

excelsior, boxes, crates, sash_

White trunks, valises, coffins, tubs_

F_nu8 amer/cam_ Lo kitchen cabinets, handles,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, shade and map rollers_ venetian

Michigan_ Minnesota, Missouri, blind slats, and dairy, poultry,

and Wisconsin. and apiary supplies°

fiiia h_terophy l £a Vent° OhioDistributi.on; Illinois, Indiana_ and Jcsculs_s g4a/>ra Willd.

Hissourio Distribution: Illinois, indiana _

_]Ii,f!is: Same as American basswood° ]iowa, Hichigan_ and MissouriUses: Boxes, crates_ cigar boxes,

Blue (see American hornbess_) artificial, limbs, woodenware,

trunks, valises, ply_ood,

drawing boards_ furniture_ and

plaques for pyrographyo

Beech o

Amer ic an Yetlow

.[%gv.s £ra_,_di/%P/_a Ehrho iSSOHIHS ootaT_dra Marsh_Distribution: Illinois_ kndiana_ Distribution: Illinois and Indiana°

Michigan, Missouri_ and Uses: Same as Ohio buckeye°Wisconsin°

Uses: Railroad ties_ pulp_ slack

cooperage, flooring, furniture,

boxes_ crates_ fuel, tool handles, Buffaloberryoironing boards_ clothespins_ Silver

veneer_ and fuelo Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.

Distribution: Iowa, Minnesota_ andWisconsin°

Uses : Ornamental°

Birch °

Paper

Betula papy_fera Marsh. Bume] ia °Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Gum

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, B_melia lanuginosa (Michxo) Persoand Wisconsin° Distribution: Illinois and Missouri..

Uses: Puip_ lumber, turned articles, Uses: Unimportant° Produces clear,

veneer, boxes, baskets, furniture_ viscid gum°

crates, interior trim, butcher

blocks_ railroad ties, musical Butternut"and scientific instruments, slack

cooperage, tooth picks, and Jugls_s c_ncrea L.medical tongue depressors Distribution: lllinois_ Indiana,

" Iowa, Hichigan_ Minnesota_

Missouri, and Wisconsin.

River Uses: Edible kernel. Substitute forblack walnuto Furniture,

Betula nigra Lo interior trim, cabinetwork,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, woodenware, boxes, and crates.Iowa, Minnesota_ Missouri,and Wisconsin.

Uses: Same as paper birch.Bu ttonbus h °

Common

Cephalanthus occidentalis L.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

Yellow Iowa, Michigan, MinnesotaBetula alleghaniensis Britton Missouri, and Wisconsin.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Uses: Contains tannin°

Iowa _ Michigan, Minnesota,

and Wisconsin. Buttonwood (see sycamore)Uses: Furniture, flooring, veneer,

railroad ties, slack cooperage,

musical instruments, and Catalpa°novel t ieso Northern

Catalpa speciosa WarderDistribution : Illinois Indiana and

Boxelder (see maple) Missouri°

Uses : Fencepos ts, rails _ interior Cottonwood°trim, cabinetwork, lumber, and Eastern

fuel, Populus deltoides BartroDistribution: Illinois _ Indiana _

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,

Missouri, and Wisconsin_

Cherry" Uses: Pulp, excelsior, veneer, plywood_

Black lumber, furniture, poultry_->runuc scrotina Ehrh.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, coops, ironing boards, musical

Iowa_ Minnesota, Missouri, instruments, boxes, crates_and Wisconsin. tubs, and pails for food products°

Uses: Furniture, printers' blocks,

patterns, professional and Swamp

scientific instruments, piano Populus heterophylla L,

actions, interior trim, tool Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_Michigan, and Missouri°

handles, woodenware, gunstocks, Uses: Same as eastern cottonwood°veneer, and paneling.

P in

Pr_n_L_ ponnsylvanica L. f. Cucumbertree"Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Magnolia acuminata Lo

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_

Missouri, and Wisconsin. Michigan, and Missouri°

Uses: Unimportant. Fruit used for Uses: Furniture, venetian blinds

jelly, siding, interior trim_ sash_

doors, boxes, and crates.

Chestnut"

American Devi I s-wal ki ngsti ck :

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Aralia spinosa L.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

and Michigan. and Missouri.

Uses: Tannin, pulp, poles, fenceposts, Uses: Ornamental.

railroad ties, slack cooperage,

furniture, caskets, boxes and

crates, millwork, and plywood.

(Most of the chestnut were kil- Dogwood"led by_ the blight, Endothia Flowering

parasitica, but the dead trees Cornus f_orida L.

are still useful.) Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, and Missouri°

Uses : Ornamental. Shuttles, spools,

Chokecherry: mallet heads, golfclub heads,

Common bobbin heads, small pulleys,

F_unus _irginiana L. jewelers' blocks, turnpins, and

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, machinery bearings°lowa_ Michigan, Minnesota,

Missouri, and Wisconsin°

Uses: Fruit used for jelly.

Elm:American

Coffeetree- Ulmus americana L.

Kentucky Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

Gymnooladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Wisconsin.

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Uses: Slack cooperage, boats, basket

Missouri, and Wisconsin. veneer, boxes, crates, furniture

Uses: Ornamental. Fenceposts, (chair rockers and arms), interi-

crossties, rough construction, or trim, tool handles, saddle

furniture, cabinetwork, interior trees, and dairy, poultry, and

trim, and fuel. apiary supplies.

Rock Uses: Edible fruit_ used for makingUl_s t_masii Sargo Jelly.Distribution: lllinois_ Indiana,

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,

Missouri_ and Wisconsin.Uses: Same as American elmo

September Hemlock:Ulrn_s seroti_ Sargo EasternDistribution: Illinois and Missouri. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.

Uses: Unimportant. Distribution: Indiana, Michigan,Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Slippery Uses: Pulpwood, general construction

Ulmus rubra M_hl° lumber, boxes, crates, sash,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, doors, cabinets, and trunks°

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,Missouri, and Wisconsin.

Uses: Same as American elm.

Hickory:

Winged BitternutUlmus alata Michx. Carya cordi_rmis (Wangenh.) K. Koch

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Missouri° Uses: Nut is extremely bitter. Furni-

Uses: Same as American elm. ture, panelings, dowel pins, tool

handles, ladders, skis, gymnastic

Fir: bars, and fuel for smoking meats.

Balsam Mockernut

Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Carya tomentosa Nutt.Distribution: Iowa, Michigan,

Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,Michigan, and Missouri.

Use____s:Pulp, boxes, crates, sash, Uses: Edible nut. Fuel for smokingslack cooperage, general con- meats.struction lumber, and woodenware.

Pecan

Carya iIZinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch

Hackberry" Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,CeZtis occidenta_is L. and Missouri,

Distribution: Illinoisp Indiana, Uses: Edible nut. Funiture, paneling,

Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and flooring.Missouri, and Wisconsin.

Uses: Furniture, boxes_ and crates. Pignut

Carya glabra (Mill.) SweetDistribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, and Missouri.Hawthorn: Uses: Tool handles and furniture.

Cockspur

Crataegu8 crus-galli Lo Shagbark

Distribution: Illinois and Missouri. Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

Uses: Ornamental. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,Downy and Wisconsin.

Crataegu8 molli8 Schelle Uses: Edible nut. Furniture, tool

Distribution: Illinois, Michigan, and handles, and ladders.Missouri.

Uses: Mallets and tool handles.

Shellbark

Green Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.

Crataegu8 viridi8 L. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa, Michigan, and Missouri.

Missouri. Uses: Same as shagbark hickory.

Water Maple:Car_ja aquatica (Michxo fo) Nutto Black

Distribution: Illinois and Missouri. Acer ni_ Mic_<o fo

Uses: Bitter nut. Same as bitternut Distribution: lllinois_ Indiana, Iowa,

hickory. Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,and Wisconsin°

Uses: Veneer, furniture_ musical in-

Holly" struments_ interior trim_ bowling

American pins, flooring_ tool handles_

Ilex opaca Ait. boxes, crates, butcher blocks,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and railroad ties_ sash_ doors_ wood-

Missouri. enware, and standard wood in

Uses: Turnings, novelties, furniture, Uo S. shear-test blocks°

rulers, tool handles, engravings,

scroll work, and carvings. Boxelder

Occasionally stained black to Acer negundo L.

imitate ebony for piano keys. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_ Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota_ Missouri,

Honeylocust: and Wisconsin.Gleditsia triacanthos L. Uses: Furniture and woodenware_

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Missourip and Wisconsin.Mountain

Uses: Fenceposts, crossties, veneer,

furniture_ and interior trim. Acer spicatum Lam.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.Uses: Ornamental.

Hoptree:Common

Ptelea trifoliata L.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, and Missouri. RedUses: Roots used as a tonic. Acer rubr_m L.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,

Hophornbeam: and Wisconsin.Eastern Uses: Ornamental.

Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Silverand Wisconsin. Acer saccharinum L.

Uses: Furniture, fenceposts, tool Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

handles, mallets, and fuel. Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri,and Wisconsin.

Uses: Ornamental. Pulpwood; substitute

Hornbeam: for sugar maple.American

Carpinus oaroliniana Walt.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, StripedAcer pennsylvanicum L.

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Uses: Tool handles, levers, woodcogs, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

mallets, wedges, and fuel. Michigan, and Minnesota.Uses: Ornamental. I

Locust: Sugar 1Black Acer saccharum Marsh.

Robinia pseudoacacia L. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,Missouri. and Wisconsin.

Uses: Fenceposts, poles, railroad Uses: Flooring, musical instruments,

ties, insulator pins, lumber, bowling pins, boxes, crates,

boxes, and crates, veneer, interior trim, and syrup.

6

Mountai n-ash : Northern red

American Quercus rubra L.

sorbus _er_oc£na Marsh. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri_Michigan, and Wisconsin. and Wisconsin.

Uses : Ornamental o

Mountai n-l aurel : Nuttall

falr_a latifolia Lo Quercus nuttallii PalmerDistribution: Indiana° Distribution: Missouri°

Uses: Small tree, ornamentaloPin

Quercus palustris Muenchh.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Mulberry: Michigan, and Missouri.Red

Mof_s ru]ora L. Scarlet

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Quercus coccinea Muenchh.

Michigan_ Minnesota, Missouri, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,and Wisconsin. Michigan, and Missouri.

Uses: Edible fruit. Fenceposts,

furniture, caskets, agricultural ShingleQuercus imbricaria Michx.

implements, and slack cooperage.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,

Nannyberry : and Wisconsin.

Viburnum lentago L. Shumard

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Quercus shumardii Buckl.

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

and Wisconsin. Michigan, and Missouri.Uses : Ornamental.

Southern red

Quercus falcata Michx.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, andOaks, red : Missouri.

Black

Quercus velutina Lam. Willow

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Quercus phellos L.Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Distribution: Illinois and Missouri.and Wisconsin.

Uses for the red oaks: Railroad ties,

railroad cars, wooden parts in

Blackjack motor and nonmotor vehicles,

Quercus marilandica Muenchh. slack cooperage, fenceposts,Distribution: Illinois, Ikldiana, and mine timbers, poles, piling,

Iowa. veneer, furniture, interior

paneling, flooring, agricultural

implements, ship- and boatbuilding,

caskets, boxes, crates, and fire-

Cherrybar_ wood. Southern red oak bark isQuercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell.Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and rich in tannin.

Missouri.

Oaks, white:

Northern pin Bur

Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill Quercus macrocarpa Michx_Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,and Wisconsin. and Wisconsin.

Chestnut Persirr_on:@_ercus prinus L. Common

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_ and Diospyros virginiana L.Michigan_ Distribution: Illinois, lndiana_ Iowa_

and Missouri_

Chinkapin Uses: Edible fruit. Golfclub heads_

Quercus _ehlenbergii Engelm. billiard cues, shuttles_ spools_

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa_ bobbins, boxes, crates_ and tool

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri_ handles°and Wisconsin.

Overcup Pine:Quercus lyrata Walt. Eastern white

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and Pinu8 8trobus Lo

Missouri. Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin°

Post Uses: Interior trim, patterrnnaking,

Quercus stellata Wangenh. matches, signs, pulpwood, caskets,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, boxes, construction lumber,

and Missouri. venetian blinds, and dairy and

poultry supplies.Swamp chestnut

_erous n_chau_ii Nutt. Jack

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and Pinu8 banksiana Lamb.

Missouri. Distribution: Michigan, Minnesota,and Wisconsin.

Swamp white Uses: Pulpwood, railroad ties, posts,

Quercus bicolor Willd. mine timbers, boxes, crates,Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and fuel.

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,and Wisconsin.

Loblolly

White Pinus taeda L.

Quercus alba L. Distribution: Introduced by

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, plantations in Illinois,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Indiana, and Missouri.and Wisconsin. Use§: Same as shortleaf pine.

Uses for the white oaks: Same as red Red

oaks plus tight cooperage. Pinus resinosa Ait.

Distribution: Illinois, Michigan,Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

0sage-0range" Uses: Pulp, railroad ties, poles,

Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. posts, construction lumber,

Distribution: Illinois, Michigan, and boxes, crates, venetian blinds,Missouri. and interior and exterior trim.

Uses: Archery bows, fenceposts, lumber,

fuel, and insulator pins. Yellow Shortleaf

dye is extracted from roots. Pinus echinata Mill.

Distribution: Illinois and Missouri.

Uses: Lumber, flooring, boxes, rail-

road ties, car siding, poles,

Pawpaw: posts, pulpwood, excelsior,

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal structural timber, boatbuilding,

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, tanks, silos, woodenware, nov-Michigan, and Missouri. elties, and basket veneer.

Uses: Ornamental. Edible fruit.

Virginia

Pinus virginiana Mill.Distribution: Indiana.

Pecan (seehickory) Uses: Pulpwood, fuel, and posts.

8

PI urn: Servi ceberry :American Downy

Prunus a_erioana _arsho _nelanohier arborea (Michxo f o) Fern

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,and Wisconsin° and Wisconsin.

Uses: Little commercial use_ varies Uses: Ornamental. Edible berry° Toolwidely in its palatability° handles°

Pop]at (see yellow-poplar)

Silverbel]"

Carolina

Poplar ° Halesia carolina L_Distribution: Illinois and Indiana.

Balsam Uses- Ornamental.Populus balsamifera Lo _'

Distribution: illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Uses: Pulpwood, excelsior, furniture

(concealed parts), poultry coops, Smoketree •ironing boards, and tubs for food American

products, Cotinus obovatus Raf.

Distribution: Missouri.

Lombardy Uses: Ornamental.

Populus nigra var° italica Muenchh.Distribution: Illinois°

Uses: Ornamental. Form of the European

black poplar°

Soapberry-Western

Redbud" Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn.Eastern Distribution: Missouri.

Cerois canadensis Lo Uses: Unimportant.

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, and Missouri.

Uses: Ornamental° Sourwood:

Oxydendrum _boz_gum (L.) DC.Distribution: Illinois and Indiana.

Redcedar: Uses: Tool handles, bearings for

Eastern machinery, and sled runners.Juniperus virginiana Lo

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Sparkleberry:and Wisconsin. Tree

Uses: Cedar chests, closets, interior Yaccinium arboreum Marsh.

woodwork, lead pencils, posts, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, and

poles, rustic furniture, and Missouri.

novelties° Uses: Edible berry.

Sassafras: Spruce:

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Black

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, Picea mca_iar_ (Mill.) B. S. P.

Michigan, and Missouri. Distribution: Michigan, Minnesota,

Uses: Lumber (often sold for black and Wisconsin.

ash), oil (used for flavoring Uses: Paddles, oars, pulpwood, slack

tea and candies), fenceposts, cooperage, interior trim, musical

rails, wooden pails, and small instruments, boatbuilding, furni-boats, ture, and ladder rails.

Whit e T_la va¢k:

Picea glauca (Hoench) Voss Larix laa_Bcina (DuRoi) Ko Koch

Distribution: Michigan, Minnesota_ Distribution; Illinois, Indiana,and, Wisconsin° Hichigan, Minnesota, and Wiscon-,

iTsesl; Boxes, crates_ sounding boards, sin°

construction lumber, pulpwood, Us %: Poles_ railroad ties, rough

slack cooperage, interior trim, lu_fber_ pulpwood, boxes_ crates,musical instruments, boatbuild- pails, and buckets°

ing_ furniture_ ladder rails_

paddles, and oars°Tree of heaven (see Ailanthus)

Sug arberry : Tupel o:Celtis laevigata Wilido Water

Distribution; Illinois, Indis_a, and Nyssa aquatica LoMissouri° Distribution: Illinois and Missouri°

Uses: Furniture_ interior trim, boxes, Uses: Veneer_ plywood, pulp, furniture,and crates°

tool handles, platform planking,

floors_ railroad ties_ kitchen

cabinets_ boxes, crates_ iron-

ing boards, clothespins, and

Sumac: dairy, poultry_ and apiary

Staghorn supplies.

Rhus typhina L°

Distribution: II!inois_ Indiana, Iowa, Black (blackgum)

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin° Ny88a sylvatica Marsh.Uses : Ornamental°------ Distribution: Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, and Missouri°

Uses: Same as water tupelo.

Swamp-pri vet:Forestiera aouminata (Michxo) Poir. Wa]nut :

Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_ and Black

Missouri_ Juglan8 nigra LoUses: Unimportant_ Distribution: Illinois, Indiana, low'a,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,and Wisconsin°

Uses: Edible nut, Furniture, interior

Sweetgum: trim_ cabinet work, veneer,

Liquidombar 8tyraci_ua Lo paneling, gunstocks, caskets,

Distribution: Illinois, lndiana, and woodenware, and novelties°Missouri o

Uses: Veneer, it_nber_ furniture, con- White (see butternut)

tainers_ railroad ties_ pulpwood

mine props, boxes, and crateso

Storax gu_n used in drugs and WateNocust:soaps obtained from the bark° Gleditsia aquatica Mmrsho

Distribution: Illinois and indiana°

Uses: Fenceposts and crosstieso

Sycamore: Whi re-cedar:American Northern

Platanus occidental_s L o Thuja occidentalis L.

Distribution: i].iinois, Indiana, Iowa, Distribution: Illinois, Indiana_

Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin° Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin°

Uses: Slack cooperage, boxes, crates_ Use__s: Poles, posts, cabins, pails_

veneer, cigar boxes, furniture, tubs, railroad ties, rustic

cabinets, ties, ironing boards, furniture, shingles, boatbuilding,butcher blocks, and fuel. and woodenware°

lO

_ el_'_! 1 ow: Yet lowwood •

Black CladrasSis lHtea (Kicfmo f o) Ko Koch

Salix sigra Marsh,_ Distribution_ Illinois_ In.diana_ andDistribution_ tl!inois_ Indiana_ Iowa_ Missouri°

Michigan, Minnesota_ Hissouri_ Use=_: Orna_entalo Veneer_ gunstocks}and Wisconsin° fuel_ and yellow dye°

Uses: .Arti#"zial iimbs_ veneer_ pulp--

wood_ charcoal_ "boxes_ crates

furniture_ and slack cooperage. REFERENCES

Peachleaf Fowells_ Ho Ao 1965o Silvics of forest

Salix armjgd_loides Andersso trees of the United States° USDA For°

Distribution: lll,ino:is_ Indiana_ lowa_ Serv+ Agrico Handbo 271_ 762 p_ iilus,

Hichigan_ Hinnesota, Missouri, Fuller, George Do and Eo Eo Nuuttila_ 1955,and Wisconsin° Forest trees of Illinois--how to know

Uses: Charcoal and woodenware° them (revised)° Depto of Conservo _ Divoof Forestry, Springfieid_ Ill° 71 p°

Weeping illuso

Salix balpylonioa Lo Harlow_ William Mo and Eilwood So HarraroDistribution: Illinois and Missouri, 1958o Textbook of dendrology, McGraw-

Uses: Ornamental._ Hill Book Co°_ Inco_ No Y o 561 p._ iliusoLittle_ Elbert Lo_ Jro 1953o Check list

of native and naturalized trees of the

United States (including Alaska)° USDA

Witch-hazel" For. Serv° Agric° Handbo 41, 472 po

H_,_cc_elis virginiana Lo ° 1971. Atlas of

_Distribution: Illinois_ Indiana_ Iowa_ United States trees. Vol. Io Conifers

Hiehigan_ Minnesota_ Hissouri_ and important hardwoods° USDA For. Serv.and Wisconsin° Misc, Pub. i146_ 9 po_ plus 200 maps°

Uses: OrnAmental= Neelands_ R. Wo 1974o Important trees of-- eastern forests. USDA For. Servo _ South-

ern Region_ Atlanta_ lll p., illus.

Panshin_ Ao J._ Carl DeZeeuw_ and H_ P. Brown°

Ye] ]ow-pop]at: 1964, Textbook of wood technology,

Lir_odendron tulipifera L o Volo I_ 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co.,Distribution: lllinois_ Indiana_ Inco_ No Y. 643 p., illus.

Michigan_ and Missouri. Preston_ Richard J._ Jr. 1948. North

Uses: Cigar boxes_ patterns_ coffins_ American trees (exclusive of Mexico and

plywood_ furniture_ interior tropical United States)° The Iowa State

trim_ construction lumber_ ve- College Press, Ames, Iowao 371 p.

neer_ pulpwood_ crates_ musical USDA Forest Products Laboratory_ 1955_

instruments_ fruit and berry Wood Handbook. USDA For° Serv. Agrico

boxes_ toys_ and novelties_ Handbo 72_ 528 p0_ illuso

@U.S. Government Printing Office: 1974 -. 667-428 ll

Soil is for plants°oonot for tire tracks.